New Engine News

NEW ENGINE NEWS

A Ricardo Knowledge product

Delivering Excellence Through Innovation & Technology

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RICARDO INFORMATION SERVICES NEW ENGINE NEWS SEPTEMBER 2014

Contained in this issue:

Future Engines Reported to be Under Development BMW Isuzu Mazda PSA Renault Toyota

Uprated 1.5-Litre Gasoline 3.0-Litre Industrial Diesel 1.5-Litre Skyactiv Diesel Euro 6 Two-Litre Diesel Next Generation 2.3-Litre Diesel 2-Litre Gasoline for NX Crossover

Researched and written by Roland Christopher

New Engine News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

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Notes New Engine News is a monthly newsletter that covers technical features and specifications of most new or modified internal combustion engines, used in on and off-highway applications. Items included are based on literature received by the Ricardo Library in the last month. Entries may contain additional information on products covered in earlier editions. Copies of the source documents may be obtained by quoting the Library reference, which appears at the bottom of each article. An additional charge is made for this service. Other products offered by Ricardo Information Services include: Powerlink - An online database containing over 250,000 abstracts of engine and vehicle literature EMLEG - Worldwide exhaust emissions legislation summaries online Alternative Powertrain News Contents – Fuel cell, hybrid and electric powertrains as well as alternative combustion systems Control & Electronics News Contents - control, electrical and electronic engineering. Practical applications and research & technology

Fuels & Lubricants News Contents - Developments in fuel and lubricants technology as applied in engines and vehicles

Transmissions News Contents - New and modified transmissions, and driveline technology

Components News Contents - Internal combustion engine components, materials, research and design.

Vehicle Engineering News Contents - All aspects of vehicle engineering including chassis, brakes, electrical, Powertrain and transmissions, including a review of new vehicles.

Fuel Economy News Contents - Fuel economy improvement, weight reduction, practical examples of vehicle applications

Gas Engine News Contents - Natural gas, LPG and biogas technologies and applications. Published quarterly.

Contact details - Roland Christopher, Information Manager, Ricardo UK Ltd Tel. +44 (0) 1273 794230, email: [email protected]. Ricardo has used reasonable endeavours to ensure that the information supplied in this service is correct. However, no responsibility or liability can be accepted for any errors or omissions. Entries in this publication do not imply endorsement of any product or service by Ricardo

New Engine News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

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Future Engines Reported to be Under Development The following table contains information on future engines, which have not yet been launched by the manufacturer. The data is sourced strictly from public domain sources and publications, with some entries based on official statements but most based on unconfirmed reports in the press. Consequently, Ricardo UK accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of this information. The inclusion of an engine/program does not imply confirmation, by Ricardo, that such engines or programs exist or are correctly represented

Manufacturer

Audi Audi Audi BMW BMW BMW Caterpillar Caterpillar Cummins Cummins Fiat/Chrysler GM/SAIC GM (USA) GM (USA) Honda Honda Honda Honda Hyundai

Displace ment (litres) 4.2 5.2 3.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 8.7 12.9 2.8 95

Config.

1.0-1.5 4.5 2.8 1.8 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.2

I3 V8 I4 I4 I3 I4 I4 I4

New Engine News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

V8 V10 V6 I2 I6 I6

I4 V16

Fuel

Intro.

System Gasoline Gasoline Diesel

Date 2014 2014 2014 2015

Gasoline Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Gasoline Gasoline Diesel Diesel Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline

2014 2014 2015 2014 2015

2015

Notes

Update of existing engine for new R8. Update of existing engine, for new R8. 160kW and 200kW - presented at Vienna Symposium, May 2014 For MINI Hybrid Code name B68 Code Name B67 Turbocharged and supercharged. Developed with FPT Turbocharged and supercharged. Developed with FPT Chinese-produced ‘Atlas’ engine for Nissan Frontier Diesel Runner - 149kW, 475N.m QSK95. Mining, rail, marine & stationary applications. Limited production 2014, full, 2015. Aluminium block, twin-scroll turbocharging, direct injection, MultiAir valvetrain Joint venture small gasoline engine for MG3 Possible revival for pick-up and large car applications. Duramax engine produced in Thailand. For 2016 MY Chevrolet Colorado. “Earth Dreams” technology - 110kW & 180N.m “Earth Dreams” technology - turbocharged direct injection “Earth Dreams” technology - turbocharged direct injection “Earth Dreams” technology - 95kW & 151N.m - turbocharged direct injection First application in i20. GDI and twin scroll turbocharger.

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Manufacturer

JaguarLandRover JaguarLandRover Kia Kia Kia Liebherr Maruti Suzuki Maruti Suzuki Maruti Suzuki Maruti Suzuki Mercedes-Benz

Displace ment (litres)

Config.

I4 I4 I3 I4 I4 I6 I2 I3 I4 I4 I4

2.0 1.0 1.2 2.0 12 .8 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz

I3 I4 I6 I4

MTU Mitsubishi Heavy MTU MTU MTU MTU MTU MTU MTU MTU MTU

Porsche Porsche

I6 I6 I6 I6 V10 V12 V12, V16

2.0 2.5

New Engine News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

H4 H4

Fuel

Intro.

System Gasoline Diesel Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel gasoline/ diesel Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Diesel Dual Fuel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Gasoline Gasoline

Date 2015 2015

Notes

2015

‘Ingenium’ family. To be built at new Wolverhampton plant, UK ‘Ingenium’ family. To be built at new Wolverhampton plant. First model - AJ200D ‘Kappa’ - 74 & 88kW, turbocharged GDI. Displayed at Geneva Motor Show 2013 ‘Kappa’ - Turbocharged GDI. Displayed at Geneva Motor Show 2013 ‘Theta-II’ - 180kW. Displayed at Geneva Motor Show 2013 Joint development with KAMAZ. Common rail - 336-522kW New family of passenger car diesel engines New family of passenger car diesel engines New family of passenger car diesel engines New family of passenger car diesel engines “DiesOtto” dual fuel engine with variable compression ratio. 170-190kW & 400N.m

2016 2016 2016 2014 2015 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2012 2015 2015 2015 2015

Modular engine for E-Class Modular engine for E-Class Modular Engine for E-Class 4R 1000 - Industrial version of Mercedes truck engine. Will replace 400, 500 and 900 Series. UEC-LSGI. Heavy oil/natural gas, two-stroke marine engine. 6R 1000 - Industrial version of Mercedes truck engine. Will replace 400, 500 and 900 Series. 6R 1100 - Industrial version of Mercedes truck engine. Will replace 400, 500 and 900 Series. 6R 1300 - Industrial version of Mercedes truck engine. Will replace 400, 500 and 900 Series. 6R 1500 - Industrial version of Mercedes truck engine. Will replace 400, 500 and 900 Series. 1600 Series 1600 Series New generation 4000 series engine for rail. Certified to EU IIIB Series 2000 in Tier 4f version Series 4000 for Tier 4f For ‘baby’ Boxster - Porsche 718. 213kW/400N.m. Larger version of above. 268kW/470N.m

2016 2014

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Manufacturer

Porsche SAIC Renault SAIC SAIC SAIC SAIC SAIC SAIC Tata Tata Toyota Vauxhall/Opel Volvo Car Volvo Truck VW

Displace ment (litres) 4.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.6 3.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 1.5

Config.

Fuel

Intro.

H8 I4 I4 I4 I4 I4 I4 V6 V6

System Gasoline Gasoline Diesel Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline

Date 2017

2014 2015

2.0

4

Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Diesel Diesel

I3 I3

2015

Notes

New sports car with flat-8 engine New engine family - bore & stroke - 75mm x 76mm. dCi 110 - 260N.m, new turbocharger arrangement. Initially in Megane. New engine family - bore & stroke - 75mm x 84.8mm. New engine family - bore & stroke - 77.4mm x 84.8mm. New engine family - bore & stroke - 88mm x 82mm New engine family - bore x stroke - 91mm x 92mm New engine family New engine family New engine for light truck applications New engine for light truck applications Downsized (from 2.5-litre) turbocharged engine Turbocharged Will be used in Volvo range as far as the S60/V60 New ‘medium heavy’ diesel for truck and bus applications EA288 derivative - Twin-turbo BiTDI. 177kW & 500N.m

Additions and modifications to this table are shown in bold text

New Engine News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

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Manufacturer:

BMW

Period Covered:

September 2014

Uprated 1.5-Litre Gasoline

A highly uprated version of the 3-cylinder, 1.5-litre gasoline engine has been released, for application in the i8 hybrid passenger car. Power has been increased from 100kW to 170kW specifically for this application, and the engine (driving the rear wheels) is combined with an electric motor rated at 96kW (driving the front wheels). The specific power output of 113kW/litre is claimed to be the highest of any engine in the BMW range. The engine architecture is essentially the same as with the lower powered version of the engine, with a balancer shaft, direct gasoline injection, and Valvetronic variable timing and lift control. Specification - 1.5-litre gasoline Configuration: In-line 3, gasoline, turbo-intercooled Displacement: 1.5-litre (1499cc) Bore x Stroke: 82.0mm x 84.5mm Power: 170kW @ 5800rev/min Torque: 320N.m @ 3700rev/min Compression Ratio: 9.5:1

References [1] Electronic Document 7002

Alternative Powertrain News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

BMW i8 Press Pack, April 2014, 42pp

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Manufacturer:

ISUZU

Period Covered:

September 2014

3.0-Litre Industrial Diesel

In addition to the 2.2-litre industrial engine (see August 2014 issue), Isuzu have also released a larger, 3.0-litre model. The engine has been available for truck applications for some time, but this model is certified to the Tier 4 Final off-highway emissions regulations. The engine has an electronically controlled common rail fuel system and either wastegate or variable geometry turbocharger, depending on power output. For the Tier 4 Final emissions requirements, the engine has a cooled EGR system and diesel oxidation catalyst, and also adds an SCR system Specification - 4JJ1 Configuration: Displacement: Bore x Stroke: Power: Power: Power: Torque: Length: Width: Height: Weight:

In-line 4, DI diesel, turbo-intercooled 3.0-litre (2990cc) 95.0mm x 105.0mm 84kW @ 2200rev/min 69kW @ 1800rev/min 52kW @ 1800rev/min 374N.m @ 1800rev/min 782mm 721mm 846mm 328kg

References [1] Doc.145890

Alternative Powertrain News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

Diesel Progress North American Edition, June 2014, pp20-21.

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Manufacturer:

MAZDA

Period Covered:

September 2014

1.5-Litre Skyactiv Diesel

A additional member of the Skyactiv diesel engine family has been launched, for application in the Mazda2 passenger car. With a displacement of 1.5-litres, the engine develops 77kW and 250N.m of torque. The engine has a low compression ratio of 14.8:1 - claimed to be the lowest such compression ratio of any other diesel engine in this class. The fuel injection system uses solenoid injectors, and the combustion chambers are described as “egg-shaped”. Both high-pressure and lowpressure EGR systems are used, and the cooling system features control valves and water jacket spacers. The turbocharger is a variable geometry design, and has a rotation sensor, and the intercooler is integrated with the intake manifold. The Mazda2 passenger car has the i-stop, and i-ELOOP energy recovery systems, and meets the Euro 6 emissions limits. Specification - Skyactiv 1.5 Diesel Configuration: In-line 4, DI diesel, turbo-intercooled Valves: 4 Valves/cylinder, DOHC Displacement: 1.5-litre (1497cc) Bore x Stroke: 76.0mm x 82.5mm Power: 77kW @ 4000rev/min Torque: 250N.m @ 1500-2500rev/min Compression Ratio: 14.8:1

References [1] Electronic Document 6950 [2] Electronic Document 7008

Alternative Powertrain News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

Mazda Europe Press Release, 11 June 2014, 2pp. Mazda Press Release, 10 June 2014, 3pp.

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Manufacturer:

PSA

Period Covered:

September 2014

Euro 6 Two-Litre Diesel

A Euro 6 version of the 2-litre, DW10 diesel engine has been launched, in three power ratings - 100kW, 110kW and 133kW, and known as the DW10F. The engine replaces the previous DW10 and DW12 models, and will be shared with Ford. The cylinder head has been redesigned with new intake ports, and an integrated intake manifold. It also has a compact, high-pressure EGR system with integrated bypass and cooler. The common rail fuel system is supplied by Delphi and operates at 2000 bar, with amendments made to injection timing and with reduced dwell times between injection events. The high pressure pump is driven from the exhaust camshaft via a scissor gear. An SCR system will be used on all applications of the DW10F, in addition to an oxidation catalyst and a particulate filter. The oil pump is located in the sump, and is a variable speed design. The engine also has balancer shafts, and the start-stop system is an integrated belt/starter/generator system with and engine cut-off when coasting above 20km/h. The changes to the engine design bring a claimed 5-6% improvement in CO2 emissions, and a weight reduction of 7kg compared with the Euro 5 version. The engine is installed at an angle of 7˚, compared with the previous 18˚, and is reduced by 20mm in terms of overall height. All production with be in the Tremery plant in France.

Specifications on next page.

Alternative Powertrain News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

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Manufacturer:

PSA - Continued

Period Covered:

September 2014

Specification - DW10F Configuration: Valves: Displacement: Bore x Stroke: Power: Power: Power: Torque: Torque: Compression Ratio:

In-line 4, DI diesel, turbo-intercooled 4 valves/cylinder, DOHC 2.0-litre (1997cc) 85.0mm x 88.0mm 133kW @ 3750rev/min (DW10FC) 110kW @ 4000rev/min (DW10FD 100kW @ 4000rev/min (DW10FDD) 400N.m @ 2000rev/min 370N.m @1750rev/min 16.7:1

References [1] vCD 222 [2] Electronic Document 7013

Alternative Powertrain News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

SIA Conference on The Clean CI Engine of the Future, May 2014, paper by Bertrand et al. Sogefi Press Release, 13 February 2014, 2pp.

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Manufacturer:

RENAULT

Period Covered:

September 2014

Revised 2.3-Litre Diesel

A further development of the M9T 2.3-litre diesel engine has been completed. Designated M9T Generation 4, the revised engine develops up to 140kW and 450N.m of torque. In all, a total of 212 parts were redesigned for application in the new version. The cylinder head has been extensively modified, with a ‘zero degree’ valve pattern and optimization of the double water jacket. The overall length of the head has also been reduced by 16mm, in order to accommodate the installation into some vehicle applications. The camshaft has also been shortened, and an additional bearing introduced, as the high pressure fuel pump now runs at 2000 bar, and so the drive to the pump needed to be strengthened. The engine also has a new plastic intake manifold with a fixed swirl design. The use of plastic has resulted in a 700g weight saving compared with the aluminium alternative. It also has a larger capacity EGR cooler, with a cooled bypass flap, and cooled EGR valve. As mentioned above, the operating pressure of the common rail fuel injection system has been increased to 2000 bar. The new pump has two pistons, and the volume and weight of the pump has been reduced to suit different vehicle applications. A new design of centrally-mounted piezo injector with seven holes is used. The combustion bowl shape has also been optimised, leading to a reduction of soot in the oil, and therefore a longer drain interval. The use of twin, fixed geometry turbochargers in series allows the benefits of a small, low-inertia unit for lower speeds, and the use of the larger turbo for high engine speeds. Lower power versions of the engine are also available, developing 100kW and 120kW, and using a single, variable geometry turbocharger. Some engine applications also feature balancer shafts, driven from the crankshaft. A number of other measures have been introduced to reduce friction, including a variable displacement oil pump, pistons with a DLC coating and piston rings with reduced force. For specifications see next page.

Alternative Powertrain News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

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Manufacturer:

RENAULT - Continued

Period Covered:

September 2014

Specification - M9T Next Generation 4 Configuration: In-line 4, DI diesel, turbo-intercooled Valves: 4 valves/cylinder Displacement: 2.3-litre (2298cc) Bore x Stroke: 85.0mm x 101.0mm Power: 140kW @ 4000rev/min (twin turbo) Power: 120kW (single turbo) Power: 100kW (single turbo) Torque: 450N.m @ 1750-2000rev/min

References [1] vCD 222

Alternative Powertrain News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

The new Renault Energy dCi 140kW 2.3-litre diesel engine Ambrosi et al, SIA Powertrain Conference, May 2014, Rouen.

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Manufacturer:

TOYOTA

Period Covered:

September 2014

2-Litre Gasoline for NX

The new NX crossover from Lexus includes the 200t, which has a new 2-litre gasoline engine with twin-scroll turbocharging. The engine designated 8AR-FTS - develops 175kW and 350N.m of torque. The is the first turbocharged gasoline engine to appear in a Lexus vehicle, and it uses the D-4S fuel injection system to provide a combination of port, and direct fuel injection. It uses the VVT-iW valvetrain system to start using the Otto cycle, and then to run using the Atkinson cycle. The four-into-two exhaust manifold is integrated with the cylinder head and twin-scroll turbocharger, which has a variable wastegate. Cylinders one & four, and two & three are paired to feed the turbocharger. The water-cooled intercooler is mounted directly on the engine, and has its own dedicated coolant supply. Specification - 8AR-FTS Configuration: Valves: Displacement: Bore x Stroke: Power: Torque: Compression Ratio:

In-line 4, gasoline, turbo-intercooled 4 valves/cylinder, DOHC 2.0-litre (1998cc) 86.0mm x 86.0mm 175kW @ 4800-5600rev/min 350N.m @ 1650-4000rev/min 10.0:1

References [1] Electronic Document 7041 [2] Electronic Document 7042

Alternative Powertrain News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

Lexus Press Release, 6 July 2014, 11p. Lexus NX 200t Specification Sheet, 6 July 2014, 10pp.

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Power and Torque Conversion Tables kW 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200

hp 6.7 13.4 20.1 26.8 33.5 40.2 46.9 53.6 60.3 67.1 73.8 80.5 87.2 93.9 100.6 107.3 114.0 120.7 127.4 134.1 140.8 147.5 154.2 160.9 167.6 174.3 181.0 187.7 194.4 201.2 207.9 214.6 221.3 228.0 234.7 241.4 248.1 254.8 261.5 268.2

PS,PK,CV,ch 6.8 13.6 20.4 27.2 34.0 40.8 47.6 54.4 61.2 68.0 74.8 81.6 88.4 95.2 102.0 108.8 115.6 122.4 129.2 136.0 142.8 149.6 156.4 163.2 170.0 176.8 183.5 190.3 197.1 203.9 210.7 217.5 224.3 231.1 237.9 244.7 251.5 258.3 265.1 271.9

1hp = 0.7457kW 1ch/CV/PS/PK = 0.7355kW

Alternative Powertrain News – September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

N.m 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200

lbf.ft 3.7 7.4 11.1 14.7 18.4 22.1 25.8 29.5 33.2 36.9 40.6 44.2 47.9 51.6 55.3 59.0 62.7 66.4 70.1 73.7 77.4 81.1 84.8 88.5 92.2 95.9 99.6 103.2 106.9 110.6 114.3 118.0 121.7 125.4 129.1 132.7 136.4 140.1 143.8 147.5

kgf.m 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.1 3.6 4.1 4.6 5.1 5.6 6.1 6.6 7.1 7.6 8.2 8.7 9.2 9.7 10.2 10.7 11.2 11.7 12.2 12.7 13.3 13.8 14.3 14.8 15.3 15.8 16.3 16.8 17.3 17.8 18.4 18.9 19.4 19.9 20.4

1lbf.ft = 1.356N.m 1kgf.m = 9.8067N.m

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