New-Generation VQ Engine Briefing

New-Generation VQ Engine Briefing Aug. 22, 2006 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

Yo Usuba Senior Vice President 1

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Agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The Powertrain concept History of the VQ Engine Concept behind the Newly-Developed V6 Engine New-Generation VQ35/25HR Engine Summary

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1. The Powertrain concept

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1-1. Nissan’s Core Technology Values Trusted Driving Pleasure

Trust：

・Environment

・Safety

Environment

Driving Pleasure：

・Dynamic Performance ・Life on Board

Dynamic Dynamic Performance

Safety Environment

Quality

, C os t

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1-2. Development Concept (1)

Dynamic Dynamic Performance

Performance

Dynamic Performance

Ultimate Powertrain CO2 reduction

Emission

Fuel Efficiency Cleaner Emissions

Environment 5

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1-2. Development Concept (2)

Emotion

Ultimate Powertrain Efficiency

Emission

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1-3. Logic behind the VQ Engine (1)

Emotion Emotion

VQ Efficiency

Emission

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1-4. DNA of VQ ■ 1988: The FEATHER concept engine was developed

with focus on smooth and agile revving. As agile as a feather

The Initial VQ Engine Concept ・Realizing the FEATHER concept Consistent weight reduction of parts Review of the basic structure

DNA of VQ The engine that revs smooth and agile 8

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1-5. Emotional (1)

“Pleasant Acceleration Sound” ・Clear sound

“Maintaining the Exhilaration” ・Overwhelming power ・Long-lasting power

“The Ideal Agile Response” ・Quick throttle response ・Tangibly strong response at any point

“The engine that revs smooth and agile” 9

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1-5. Emotional (2)

“Pleasant Acceleration Sound” ・Clear sound

“Maintaining the Exhilaration” Agile smooth performance ・Overwhelming power ・Long-lasting power

“The Ideal Agile Response” ・Quick throttle response ・Tangibly strong response at any point

“The engine that revs smooth and agile” 10

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1-6. Considering the VQ Engine (2)

Emotion Agile smooth performance

VQ Efficiency

Emission

Fuel efficiency

Cleaner emissions 11

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2. History of the VQ Engine

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2-1. Evolution of the VQ Engine ■ Constant improvements made to the VQ engine. ■ Constant application of new technology.

VQ35DE VQ35DE

Maximum Output

VQ30DD VQ30DD VQ30DE

VQ30DD

2005 CVTC on intake & exhaust side 2001 Electromagnetic VTC

1999 Continuously Variable Timing Control 1994 2 step VTC '95

'00

'05

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2-2. Evaluation of the VQ Engine (1) ■ On “Ward’s 10 Best Engines” list for 12 consecutive years.

‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 Nissan VQ BMW I6 Ford V8 DCX V8 GM V6 Honda V6 Toyota V6 14

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2-2. Evaluation of the VQ Engine (2) ■ VQ’s DNA evaluated as an engine that revs smooth and agile.

“Ward’s 10 Best engines” Comments ’95 “The smoothest, rev-happiest V-6 on the planet” ’98 “The light-on-the-feet feel in any speed range is the VQ’s greatest delight” ’00 “It’s cat-quick throttle response and unmatched smoothness also mean it’s a genuine delight to drive” ’01 “Absolutely uncanny lack of vibration” “The throttle response is outstanding” “This is unquestionably the best-revving V-6 ever” ’06 “Spectacular in-gear accelaration” “This engine has brilliant throttle response in any speed range”

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2-3. Evaluation of Cars Powered by VQ Engines Tiana Best Motor Show Premiere （Ukraine, 2006） 350Z Car of the Year （UK, 2004） TEANA Best Luxury Model （China, 2004）

Ultima Canada’s Car of the Year （Canada, 2002） VQ35DE Engine th 45 (Spring) Automobile Technology Convention Technology Development Award(Japan, 1995) FairladyZ Japan’s Car of the Year Special Prize MostFan （Japan, 2002）

350Z Car of the Year （Middle East, 2004）

350Z Car of the Year （New Zealand, 2003）

350Z Best Car of the Year （Canada, 2003） 130 Canada’s Car of the Year （Canada, 1999）

Ultima North America’s Car of the Year （North America, 2002） VQ35DE Ward’s 10 Best Engines （USA, 2005）

350Z Imported Car of the Year （USA, 2002）

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3. The Concept Behind the Newly-Developed V6 Engine

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3-1. Considering Newly-Developed V6 engine (1) ■ Start the development of a new V6 engine by reviewing

principal dimensions aimed at even more agile and smooth revving.

High Response

VQ35HR VQ25HR

High Revolution

■ In continuation of VQ engine aspiration, the new engine

name followed by “HR” which represents high rate of revolution and outstanding accelerator response. 18

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3-2. Technology of New-Generation VQ Engine Increased height of cylinder blocks

Symmetric Twin intake System

Asymmetric piston skirt

Change of cylinder head

Sound insulating engine cover

Equal length exhaust manifold

Straight inlet port

Reinforce rocker cover durability

High ignitability iridium plug

Reinforce chain cover durability

Lengthening of Conrod

Hydraulic CVTC on intake side

Hydrogen-free DLC valve lifters

Electromagnetic CVTC on exhaust side

Increase spring power of valve spring

Change oil pump rotor

Enlarge crank journal diameter

Reinforce upper oil pan durability

Change diameter of valve

Reinforce lower oil pan durability

Processing PVD Piston Ring

Enlarge diameter of crankpin

Settings for ladder frame

Improve cooling water flow

Spark plug modified into M12

Twin knock sensor

Increase compression ratio 19

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3-3. Newly Built 2nd Engine Facility at Iwaki Plant ■ Factory established for the sole purpose of VQ35HR,

VQ25HR engine production

2nd Engine Facility

Introduction of state-of the-art processing equipment 20

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4. New-Generation VQ35/25HR Engine

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4-1. Aim of the New-Generation VQ35/25HR Smooth, pleasant drive

1）High rate of revolution

Response

2）Pleasant acceleration sound

Exhilaration Acceleration sound

Max 7500rpm

吸気・排気・燃焼効率の向上 Clear sound

3）Top level power performance in class Improved intake・Exhaust・Combustion Efficiency

Fuel efficiency

4）Increased practical fuel efficiency

Cleaner emissions

5）Best-in-class emissions standard

Reduced friction

☆☆☆☆(SU-LEV in Japan) 22

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4-2. High Revolution Rate

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4-2. High Revolution Rate ■ Reduced friction and vibration at high speeds. ・Smoother piston action (reduced friction) ・Installation of ladder frame (reinforced stiffness and reduced

Output

vibrations)

New VQ35HR

Current VQ35DE 5000

6000

7000

Revolutions per minute (rpm)

8000

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4-2-1. Smoother piston action (reduced friction) ■ Extension of conrod length By minimizing piston inclination, reduced friction. ■ Asymmetric Piston Skirt Skirt width reduced on side with least amount of pressure resulting in reduced friction.

Height of block deck reduced friction view

Cuurent conrod

Stretched conrod

Extend the height of block deck and the length of conrod

High pressure side

Low pressure side

Asymmetric Piston Skirt 25

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4-2-2. Addition of ladder frame (reduced friction due to reinforced stiffness) ■The ladder that supports the crank is placed at the bottom of

the cylinder block to improve overall engine stiffness thereby minimizing vibrations at high revolution rates. Current VQ35DE

New VQ35HR

Minimization of Vibrations due to Ladder Frame

Current VQ35DE

New VQ35HR 26

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4-3. Pleasant Acceleration Sound

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4-3. Pleasant Acceleration Sound (1)

Noise level in the car[db(A)]

■ Linear and clear acceleration sound in response to Engine RPM.

10dB

Current VQ35DE

Company B

New VQ35HR

Engine RPM

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4-3. Pleasant Acceleration Sound (2) ■ Reinforced

sound clarity with reduced noise. New VQ35HR

Current VQ35DE

High

eng. speed [rpm]

High frequency noise reduced.

freq.[Hz]

Low

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4-3. Pleasant Acceleration Sound (3) ■ Symmetrical Intake and Exhaust System. The symmetrical intake and exhaust system aids the production of clear and powerful sounds at high rates of revolution. Twin intake system The clear sounds unique to V6 are emphasized and noise is controlled.

Equal length exhaust manifold Optimized front pipe; Efficient merging structure Symmetrical intake and Exhaust System Twin exhaust system

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4-4. Top Level Power Performance in Class

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4-4. Top Level Power Performance in Class ■ Improvements in Intake・Exhaust・Combustion Efficiency. ・ Reduces resistance to intake by 18% ・ Utilizes VTC intake and exhaust controls on both sides

出力

・Suppresses exhaust loss

New VQ35HR

Current VQ35DE

5000

6000

Ｅｎｊｇｉｎｅ RPM

7000

8000

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4-4-1. Reduces resistance to intake by 18% ■ Dual

intake and exhaust system.

■ Straight

intake port.

Ensures the efficient intake of air.

Dual intake and exhaust system

Straight Intake Port 33

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4-4-2. Utilizes CVTC intake and exhaust controls on both sides ■ High degree of flexibility in setting valve timings improve

the combustion efficiency for a wide range of engine rpms.

Hydraulic CVTC on Electromagnetic CVTC intake side on exhaust side

CVTC intake and exhaust controls on both sides

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4-4-3. Surpresses Exhaust Loss ■ Equal

length exhaust manifold.

■ Symmetrical

exhaust system.

Equal length exhaust manifold Optimized front pipe; Efficient merging structure

Equal length exhaust manifold 35

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4-4-4. Performance of VQ35HR powered vehicles (1) ■ Powerful starting + stress-free long-lasting acceleration

expandable to 7,500rpm. Eg: Expressway entrance ⇒

① After passing through the tollbooth, the vehicle gradually accelerates on the ramp

The VQ35HR’s formidable power is most strongly felt under driving conditions that demand smooth acceleration from low to high speed.

② It then accelerates in one burst on the approaching lane, ① reaching 100km/h ②

③

③ The vehicle attains the expressway traffic flow and merges into the main lane. Attains speed even on short approach!

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4-4-4. Performance of VQ35HR powered vehicles (2) Acceleration G far outstrips existing models

Acceleration[G]

0.8

VQ35HR

0.6

VQ35DE 0.4 0.2

Vehicle speed[km/h]

0 8000

Acceleration G does not drop even at high rpm--great acceleration power

120 80

Accelerates from 0100km/h-one second faster!

40 0 0

2

4

6

8 [sec]

Comparison of full-throttle acceleration New VQ35HR vs Current VQ35DE 37

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4-4-4. Performance of VQ35HR powered vehicles (3) 0-100km/h acceleration time

ＶＱ25ＨＲ

ＶＱ35ＨＲ

ＶＱ25DD

ＶＱ35ＤＥ

1.0sec

1.0sec

1.0sec

1.0sec

Company A

Company A

Company B

Company B

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

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4-5. Improved Fuel Efficiency

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4-5. Improved Fuel Efficiency (1) ■ Improved fuel efficiency in daily use situations.

Good

Good

ＶＱ35ＨＲ

ＶＱ25ＨＲ

10％ up

10％ up

VＱ25DD

VＱ35ＤＥ

A社

A社

Ｂ社

B社

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

Average actual fuel consumption (%) (Figures are from in-house measurements)

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85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

Average actual fuel consumption (%)

※Average actual fuel consumption: Weighted average of fuel consumed running on city streets, suburban streets and expressways, including air-conditioner use, night driving and traffic jams.

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4-5. Improved Fuel Efficiency (2) VQ35HR/VQ25HR VQ35HR/VQ25HR ¾Cylinder heads: Improved water flow (alleviated knocking), iridium

¾Cylinder heads: Improved water flow (alleviated knocking), iridium plugs (high ignitability) plugs (high ignitability) ¾Main moving parts: Asymmetric pistons, low tension and low friction ¾Main moving parts: Asymmetric pistons, low tension and low friction piston rings piston rings ¾Mirror finish of roller bearings ¾Mirror finish of roller bearings ¾Valve operating system: Diamond Like Coating valve lifter (reduces ¾Valve operating system: Diamond Like Coating valve lifter (reduces friction by 40%) friction by 40%) ¾Hydraulic CVTC on intake side、Electromagnetic CVTC on exhaust side ¾Hydraulic CVTC on intake side、Electromagnetic CVTC on exhaust side (Partial area operation) (Partial area operation) ¾EGI parts：Atomizing fuel injector, long-discharge-type ignition coil, ¾EGI parts：Atomizing fuel injector, long-discharge-type ignition coil, ¾Engine control: Twin knock sensor, 32bit microcomputer control ¾Engine control: Twin knock sensor, 32bit microcomputer control

New Newlow-friction low-frictionAT AT Improved Improvedalternator alternator generating generatingefficiency efficiency Reduced Reducedelectrical electrical power powerconsumption consumption Reduced Reducedbrake brakedrag drag resistance resistance

Over 40 improvements to fuel efficiency have been incorporated, raising actual fuel efficiency by 10%.

Reduced Reducedair airresistance resistance Minimization Minimizationof of air air conditioning system conditioning systemenergy energy consumption consumption Reduction Reductionof ofvehicle vehicle weight weight Reduced Reducedhub hubrpm rpm resistance resistance

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4-5. Improved Fuel Efficiency (3) Asymmetric piston skirt

32bit microcomputer control

High ignitability iridium plug

Mirror finish of roller bearings

Increase compression ratio

Long-discharge-type ignition coil

Hydraulic CVTC on intake side

Spark plug modified into M12

Hydrogen-free DLC valve lifters

Electromagnetic CVTC on exhaust side

Increase spring power of valve spring

Processing PVD Piston Ring

Enlarge crank journal diameter

Twin knock sensor

Atomizing fuel injector

Improve cooling water flow

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4-5. Improved Fuel Efficiency (4) ■ Use of the world’s first hydrogen-free DLC.

Cam-valve lifter friction reduced by 40%

Current VQ35DE

New VQ35HR

Hydrogen-free DLC

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4-6. Best-in-class emissions standard

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4-6. Realizing Best-in-class emissions standard (1)

Ultra Ultralow lowheat heatmass mass catalyst catalystsupports supports ⇒Shorten ⇒Shortencatalyst catalyst activating activatingtime time

Atomizing Atomizingfuel fuelinjector injector ⇒Reduce ⇒Reduceengine-out engine-out emissions emissions Highly Highlyignitable ignitableirridium irridium ignition ignitionplugs plugs ⇒Reduce ⇒Reduceengine-out engine-out emissions emissions Early Earlyactivating activatingA/F A/F sensors sensorsControl Controlsystem system ⇒Makes ⇒Makescontrol controlof of theoretical theoreticalair airfuel fuelratio ratio possible possibleimmediately immediately aftrer starting aftrer starting 45

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4-6. Realizing best-in-class emissions standard (2) ■ Highly

ignitable iridium plugs Stabilize combustion when starting. Platinum ground electrode Iridium central electrode

SU-LEV

■ Early

activating A/F sensors ■ Ultra-low heat mass catalysts ■ Atomizing fuel injector

-> Fuel burns at theoretical air fuel ratio immediately after starting.

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5. Summary

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5-1. Aim of the New-Generation VQ35/25HR Smooth, pleasant drive

1）High rate of revolution

Response

2）Pleasant acceleration sound

Exhilaration Acceleration sound

Max 7500rpm

吸気・排気・燃焼効率の向上 Clear sound

3）Top level power performance in class Improved intake・Exhaust・Combustion Efficiency

Fuel efficiency

4）Increased practical fuel efficiency

Cleaner emissions

5）Best-in-class emissions standard

Reduced friction

☆☆☆☆ (SU-LEV in Japan) 48

48

1-6. Considering the VQ Engine(2)

Emotion Agile smooth performance

VQ Efficiency

Emission

Fuel efficiency

Cleaner emissions 49

49

Thank you for your kind attention.

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