On Some Issues for Logistical Optimization of the ...

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On Some Issues for Logistical Optimization of the Transport Servicing in City of Ruse Dzhemal Erol Topchu

Velizara Ivanova Pencheva

Department of “Transport” Un1iversity of Ruse “Angel Kanchev” Ruse, Bulgaria

Department of “Transport” University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev” Ruse, Bulgaria

Abstract- This article presents some issues for logistics optimization of the transport servicing of cities. The development of big cities in Bulgaria is facing increasingly serious problems with automobile traffic. To encourage the development, based on the foreign cities’ advanced experiences in city development, this report provides perspective and appropriate measures to promote the development of the city by improving the urban logistics.

Logistics optimization of transport services of cities can solve many of the problems of the modern city.

Keywords- city development; city logistics; logistics node; deliveries of loads.

The task of city logistics is to find out the acceptable way for the retailers, companies and families to supply goods and economically and efficiently to ease the transportation, delivery time by localization with the help of logistics nodes.

I.

INTRODUCTION

The transportation of cargoes in the city and city centers depends on its efficiency. On the one hand, urban areas must be places for living ,work, shopping and spending free time. In this respect they stand in facing the competition. To keep traders, other employers and merchants positions in city and city centers is necessary to construct the efficient logistics systems, to provide efficient service [9]. The negative effects of city development include the increasing automobile traffic, deteriorating ecological environment, increasing air pollution, noise, etc. These are the common problems faced by any country and to which the society is particularly sensitive [6]. To improve the efficiency of city transportation, almost all large cities need to take appropriate measures: renovation and maintenance of roads, expand roads, and build new roads, with varying degrees of restrictions against larger freight vehicles in city traffic passage, developing light railway transportation, developing separate lanes for buses. In the practices of the modern city arise problems with product delivery, to meet the expectations of the production, residents demands and commercial communication demands, waiting for solutions .The typical phenomena of these problems are: a)

Trucks for delivery, moving in the cities too often, this leads to much pressure on the city transport;

b) Waiting for loading trucks and under handling trucks taking up sidewalks or roads, which causes traffic congestion or impede people in their movement; c)

II.

DISCUSSION

A. City logistics. CITY LOGISTICS EASES THE CITY TRANSPORTATION BURDEN

In Figure 1 and figure 2 indicates the number of transport links in the city respectively without and with logistics nodes. In the absence of logistics nodes around the city (Figure 1), trucks enter and leave from city directly burdening city traffic [2]. supplier

consignee

supplier

consignee

supplier

consignee

supplier

consignee

supplier

consignee

supplier

consignee

Traffic and noises affect people’s normal lives;

d) Excretion of emissions, which have negative impact on the air quality of the city.

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Figure 1. Without the logistics nodes

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Cargo shipping center

city area

logistics location I

Cargo shipping center

Cargo shipping center

Distribution center

logistics location II

Transmit Shipping points

Figure 2. With logistics nodes

Figure 3. Levels of citi logistics

At the creation of different kinds of logistics nodes (fig. 2), the number of transport links and respectively the number of cars decreases and optimize the supply of loads. The Creation of logistics nodes in the modern city is essential. This support the authorities to regulate the functions of city, improve environment protection, reduce traffic congestion, increase employment rates, increase public satisfaction, but also a symbol of the economic development level of city areas. From the perspective of modern development of Bulgarian cities, city logistics must ease the pressure of city traffic: a)

Promoting commercial industry in city area, boosting the development of society and economy of the city;

b) Distinctive functions of city, improving city image and increasing its overall competency; c)

Reducing cars, decreasing fuel consumption, city noise and emissions of polluted air;

d) Reducing logistics competency. B.

costs,

enhancing

corporation

Transportation, distribution and logistics planning of cities

Regional distribution center has more powerful service ability, large scale business activities, complete facilities, can participate in logistics activities in small towns and smaller areas. City distribution center links with it to improve the city logistics functions. B. 2. CHOOSE THE LOCATION OF CITY LOGISTICS NODES The transportation planning must include the logistics nodes. Assuming the advantages of the transport unit, relying on track and the main highways, train stations and existing storage facilities and in accordance with the geographical and economic conditions corresponding to the establishment of the different characteristics of customers and freight and distribution centers. [6]. Factors that affect the election of the location of city logistics nodes are: a)

Competition;

b) Human resource; c)

Infrastructure;

d) Investment;

B. 1. THE LEVELS OF MODELS FOR CITY LOGISTICS Planning the city transportation, different cities have distinctive requirements of the organization model and space layout of city logistics, but they have the same basic hierarchy [1]. The large sized cargo (freight) center located around the city, and links with other logistics center areas to compensate for the service scope and transportation distance and the shortcomings of city logistics [3]. The customers of city distribution center are the trade establishments such: as retailers, chain stores, manufacturing enterprises and households. Generally speaking, the service and opportunities of city logistics center is not very powerful and it needs to link with regional distribution center to provide service (fig. 3).

e)

Transportation;

f)

Condition soil;

g) Legal documents. The indications for choosing location of city logistics nodes: a)

The place must have large numbers of industrial and commercial enterprises;

b) The place must have spaces for future development and must be with low land prices; c)

The place must be the transportation hub;

d) The place must be safe for humans; e)

The place must be nearby other nodes;

f)

The place must be located outside cities.

B. 3. Difficulties which we meet in the planning and building of city logistics nodes in Bulgaria

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The combination of city logistics, regional logistics and international logistics, improves the quality of logistics services, which require a complete logistics optimization. Through the region's efforts to improve the efficiency of city logistics can ease traffic congestion and make transportation of goods and services in a timely manner quickly. The typical problems of planning and building city logistics are: a)

Technical support system

Amount of logistics nodes and the position of logistics facilities;

Logistics information platform

d) Operational model of logistic units; e)

Policy support system

Planning the city transport, the delimitation of urban logistics, where to form logistics nodes and how;

b) The type of logistics nodes, market and customers; c)

Purpose of system

Infrastructure platform

Government coordination mechanisms

Government market management

Government industrial policy

Government enterprise strategy

Figure 4. Logistic sistema

How to efficiently encourage the city logistics, how to establish an effective interface between the various modes of transportation in particular, roads and railways, waterways to promote integrated transport network.

These problems are directly related to a city logistics system in the city, they reflect the success or failure of a city transportation planning. If we are able to give sufficient attention to these issues and create practical solutions, it will help to promote the progress and development of cities in Bulgaria. C. Precautions of City Logistics that are promoting cities’ development

C.2. LOCATION OF THE PLANNED LOGISTICS PARK IN RUSE. Logistics park-Ruse is located in the industrial zone of 1.5 km from the Danube bridge, 1 km from main Bulgaria-Romania highway near ruse east port and free zone - Ruse on 80 km distance from Bucharest and 3 km from the center of Ruse (Fig. 5, 6). Advantages of the logistics park Ruse: a)

Strategic location close to all transport links;

b) Built-to-suit solutions according to the customer to optimize the expenses;

C.1. BUILDING THE CITY LOGISTICS SYSTEM TO PROMOTE THE CITY'S DEVELOPMENT. The city logistics system for promoting the city's development includes technical and policy support system [1]. Technical support system is the main components of city logistics system, including two platforms that are the infrastructure platform and logistics information platform [3]. System for political support is vital to urban logistics system, it can offer political protection for technical support system, the establishment and improvement of the entire city logistics system [5]. Political support is the main part of the city logistics system. Political support system includes government coordination mechanisms, government industrial policy and government enterprise strategy (fig. 4) [5].

c)

Readily available to rent warehouse and office space;

d) Infrastructure and high quality facilities; e)

Regular lines of public transportation connecting the park to the city center.

Figure 4 describes the structure of logistics system.

Figure 5. Location of Logistics Park Ruse to the main international trade links and transport corridors.

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TABLE I.

AMOUNT OF TRANSPORTED GOODS AND DONE TRANSPORT WORK IN RUSE BY TYPE OF CARRIAGE AND THE REGION OF LOADING / UNLOADING. 2009г

Region of load "Q" against payment "Q" for own account "P" for own account "P" against payment

Figure 6. Location of Logistics Park Ruse

Ruse is a major international transport hub at the junction of Pan‐European Transport Corridors No. 7 and No. 9, featuring well‐developed infrastructure for all kinds of transportation and most importantly- the only bridge that links Bulgaria and Romania in the lower course of the Danube to date. Being one of the two railway connections across the northern border and a major road junction, and a large part of the Bulgarian foreign trade and in Romania took place in Ruse. The Danube flows for 1,777 miles passing through eight countries before pouring into the Black Sea, providing one of Europe's most vital and busiest transport routes.The Danube waterway was connected in 1992 to the Main River and the Rhine River via the Europe Canal. Thus, Corridor 7 from Rotterdam to Thessalonica is the key axis of European inland waterways. Corridor 9 links North, Middle and East Europe to the Aegean Sea via Danube Bridge at Ruse and Giurgiu. In terms of cargo turnover, in better times, it ranked from the sixth to the third busiest port among the main ports of the other countries on the Danube along with Reni, Galati, Izmail, Budapest and Linz. Ruse Port Complex embraces port Ruse ‐ West; port Ruse ‐ East and the ports of Svishtov, Somovit, Tutrakan and Silistra [7]. Industrial zone in Ruse is designed for industrial purposes, including manufacturing and warehousing. Ruse Industrial Park has been chosen by international companies like Montupet, Keros Bulgaria, MBM, Witte automotive, many tailoring companies and manufacturers of PCBs and high ‐ tech electronics [7]. C.3. TRANSPORTED QUATITIES LOADS IN RUSE. Ruse is one of the medium-area cities in the country with an area of 277 456.8 km2 and ranked fifth of the most populous areas in Bulgaria. On Table 1. are presented amount of transported loads in Ruse by type of carriage (public, on own account) and by region of load or on the unloading [4]. The table specified quantity of cargo transported (Q) and carry out the transport operation (P) for the period from 2009 to 2013 [8].

Thousand tons Thousand tons

1640,0

2010г

999,7

2011г

2012г

2013г

902,2 2140,9 1656,1

3012,4 3807,8 3422,4 2340,6 2118,4

Million tkm

160,5

146,5

140,7

128,2

139,0

Million tkm

90,2

126,5

144,2

468,0

243,2

Region of unloading "Q" against Thousand payment tons 1655,4 833,6 1394,9 726,2 987,1 "Q" for own Thousand account tons 2806,2 3428,7 3638,6 2224,0 2095,6 "P" for own account Million tkm 128,8 116,2 171,2 107,0 151,3 "P" against payment Million tkm 86,1 127,4 230,3 89,4 138,4 Q-quantity transported load in t; P-the performed transport work in t.km

For the past few years, including the period from 2009 to 2013, variability of the amount transported the freight on own account (28%) and public transport (48%) is changed, as well as the region of loading and unloading region as compared to 2009. It is noteworthy that in the past two years the quantity of goods carried on own account in the two regions are retained, while those for public transport change in the region of the discharge amount of cargo is almost two times less than that of the load. This may be due to insufficient automobile park of firms, which permanently prefer to carry its own transport and the increased number of the cargos subject of carriage. Furthermore, the average traveled distance for city Ruse for inland transport is 93.98 km for 2013. As for paid transportаtion is 146.85 km, and for transport on own account is 65.62 km. III.

CONCLUSION

From the research we can draw the following conclusions about encouraging cities to urban logistics system: Urban logistics plans to promote the city as a center of the development of logistics in the region for a certain period of time. Mutual economic relations and logistics activities of effect, measures and logistics infrastructure platform for the overall design. City logistics is involved in the development of transport, warehousing, processing and distribution of the goods, and other areas. City Logistics will undermine the effectiveness of largescale IT systems and must therefore have a high level of comprehensive and integrated logistical planning. At the same time the development of city logistics infrastructure have a strong dependence and have a great impact on public (such as transportation, environmental pollution, land resources, space layout, etc.), so in order to make market system effective ,we must make a whole plan with the help of the city logistics system. Construction of a logistics park in Ruse is of strategic importance for the development of Ruse and Bulgaria.

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[6]

REFERENCES [1] [2] [3]

[4] [5]

M. Christopher, "Logistics and supply chain-management", Peter, Moscow, 2005 Hadzhiivanov N., “Selected scenes on graph theory”, Publishing "Libra 4", 2012 Krampe H., H. Joachim Lucke, M. Schenk, “Grundlagen der Logistik Theorie und Praxis logistischer Systeme”, 80912 Muechen, 4th Auflage, 2012 Pencheva V., „Investigation and optimization of cargo traffic in small batches”, dissertation, Ruse, 2000 Pencheva V., „Transport Marketing”, University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”, Ruse, 2006

[7] [8] [9]

Simeonov D., V. Pencheva, ”Interaction of Transport Modes”, University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”, Ruse, 2001 Website of the Logistics Park Rouse. Available at: http://www.ruselogisticspark.com/ Website of the National Statistics Institute, NSI, 2014. Available at: www.nsi.bg Website of the Strategy for development of the transport system of the Republic of Bulgaria 2020, Sofia, 2010. Available at: https://www.mtitc.government.bg/upload/docs/Transport_Strategy_2020_l ast_r.pdf

This document has been prepared with the financial support of the European Social Fund. Ruse University "Angel Kanchev" has overall responsibility for the content of this document, and under no circumstances can be considered as an official position of the European Union or the Ministry of Education and Science. Project: № BG051PO001-3.3.06-0008 "Supporting the growth of scientific personnel in engineering and information technology."

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