Legume Research, 39 (3) 2016 : 349-354
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE
Print ISSN:0250-5371 / Online ISSN:0976-0571
www.arccjournals.com/www.legumeresearch.in
Online database and information system for mungbean germplasm Devraj*, Deepak Singh and Aditya Pratap ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024, India. Received: 05-05-2015 Accepted: 19-10-2015
DOI:10.18805/lr.v0iOF.9390
ABSTRACT Online database and information system for mungbean germplasm addresses the data management need in this crop by producing a user-friendly menu driven system that generates data entry forms, queries and reports and maintains a comprehensive database. The basic objective of this experiment was to develop online database and information system for mungbean germplasm, alongwith their characteristics and to analyze relationships between these characteristics. The developed system provides statistical summary for each evaluation descriptor and its various descriptor states. Presently, the database contains data on 550 mungbean germplasm accessions with evaluation for 26 descriptors. It provides secure data storage that can be shared over Intranet of Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur and will be linked with the website of Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur for access by genetic resource specialists, breeders and planners to differentiate genetic materials from possible duplications. A user-friendly interface for data entry has been developed for entry of data related to different characters of germplasm. 4 main reports viz., qualitative report, quantitative report, querybased report, and details report have been designed to enable quick and accurate retrieval of data. Key Words: ASP.NET, C#., Database, Descriptors, DUS, Germplasm, Information system, Mungbean, SQL Server 2008. INTRODUCTION Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is one of the most important pulse crops of the Vigna group and is grown throughout Asia, Australia, West Indies, South and North America, Tropical and Subtropical Africa. India is the biggest producer of mungbean and alone accounts for 65% of the world acreage and 54% of the world production (Pratap et al., 2013). Also known as green gram, it is an important short duration grain legume having wider adaptability and low input requirements. Mungbean is well-suited to a large number of cropping systems and constitutes an important place in vegetarian diets. The food values of mungbean lie in its high and easily digestible protein. The mungbean seeds contain approximately 24-28% protein, 1.0-1.5% oil, 3.5– 4.5% fiber, 4.5–5.5% ash and 62–65% carbohydrates on dry weight basis (Tsou et al., 1979). A more practical approach of researchers towards introgression of useful genes from exotic into the cultivated background through hybridization is expected to develop more promising material. Wild and exotic germplasm offers new sources of variability hitherto not found in the cultivated species and therefore, provides additional avenues of selection for agronomic traits (Pratap et al., 2014). Several new recombinants with desirable agronomic traits and cultivars with improved characteristics have been developed *Corresponding author’s e-mail:
[email protected].
through hybridization using germplasm resources which are finding popularity in farmers fields across different cropping situations. Indexing the genetic variability is a mega task for plant genetic resource workers to provide the end users with easily accessible as well as assessable information on materials they are working with. As more information is available about the germplasm, the wider selection and diversity of materials can be utilized for varietal improvement. Ambiguous germplasm identification, difficulty in tracing different characteristics of germplasm data and lack of integration between genetic resources, characterization, evaluation and utilization data have been identified as major constraints in developing knowledge intensive crop improvement programmes (Miliar et al., 1982 and Kumar et al., 2013). The number of mungbean germplasm collected and evaluated is being maintained without proper computerized databases. There is a great need to develop online user-friendly database and information system to store and retrieve the large amounts of mungbean plant genetic resource data by genetic resource specialists, crop scientists and information technicians to allow users to interact search and locate information based on their queries (Chen et al., 2007 and Kumar et al., 2006). This system is also designed to facilitate authentic users through valid
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login-id and password for add, delete or update information. Presently, the database contains information on 550 accessions evaluat ed for 26 important descriptors (18 qualitative traits and 8 quantitative traits) for each accession under Indian agro climatic conditions. The database provides safe data storage that can be secured and shared over Local Area Network (LAN) at Institute level and will be linked with the Institute’s website for access by crop breeders and growers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Germplasm database: The database of mungbean germplasm has been created based on information collected during the exploration, evaluation, conservation and distribution management at Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur. The database facilitates to store germplasm data on agro-morphological traits characterized and evaluated as per DUS descriptor. The database contains information on 550 accessions evaluated for 26 important descriptors. Statistical analysis of the data was done on the variable with continuous variation to determine the mean, range, variance standard deviation, skewners and kurtosis. Morphological data : The database contains morphological descriptors developed for test of DUS (Distinctiveness Uniformity and Stability) under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Right Act 2001. Under this Act, certain parameters/descriptor states have been decided for different descriptors for different crops in India. The details of these descriptors and distinguishing states are shown in Table1 for mungbean germplasm. Total 18 important morphological (qualitative traits) evaluation data were included in the database. Agronomical data: In addition to morphological data, the database also contains agronomical evaluation data. In DUS descriptors for mungbean crop, some of the characters viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primary branches, number of clusters per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and yield per plant have been included. Details of these agronomical (8 quantitative traits) data for mungbean germplasm are presented in Table 2. System architecture : The system architecture contains three-tier architecture namely, client side interface layer, server side application layer and database layer (Dahiya et al., 2004 and Dahiya et al., 2008). The system architecture designed to develop efficient mungbean germplasm information system is shown in Fig 1. The client side interface layer has been developed using HTML and JavaScript that contains the browser based platform to access the desired information from the database using input entry forms and reports. The Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is used
Table 1: Descriptors (Morphological Evaluation Data) and Descriptor states selected for mungbean accessions
Descriptor
Descriptor States
Anthocyanin Colour (AC)
Absent Present Erect Semi-spreading Spreading Determinate Indeterminate Green Green with purple splashes Absent Present Absent Present Deltoid Ovate Lanceolate Cuneate Green Dark green Green Greenish purple purple Green Green with purple splashes Purple Small medium Large Yellow Light yellow Green Green with pigmented sutures Absent Present Brown Black Straight Curved Shiny Dull Oval Drum shape
Growth Habit (GH)
Plant Habit (PH) Stem Colour (SC) Stem Pubescence (SP) Leaflets Lobes (LL) Leaf Shape (LS)
Leaf Colour (LC) Leaf Vain Colour (LVC)
Petiole Colour (PC)
Leaf Size (LSi)
Flower Colour (FC) Pod Colour Premature (PCoP) Pod Pubescence (PP) Pod Colour Mature (PCoM) Pod Curvature (PCV) Seed Lusture (SL) Seed Shape (SSh)
Fig 1: System Architecture.
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Table 2: Descriptors (Agronomical Evaluation Data) selected for mungbean accessions Descriptor
Description
Days to 50% flowering (DF) Plant Height (PH) Number of Primary Branches (NPB) Number of Clusters per Plant(NCP) Pod Length (PL) Number of Seeds per Pod (NSP) 100-Seed Weight (SW) Yield per Plant (YP)
Number of days when 50% plants had flowers Plant height measured in centimeter Branches arising from main shoot were counted Number of clusters per plant were counted and average was calculated Length of premature pod measured in centimeter Number of seeds per pod were counted harvesting and average was calculated After harvest, 100 seeds were counted and weighted in gram Yield per plant was recorded in gram after sun drying of seeds
in conjunction with JavaScript to give aesthetically pleasing web interface for users. The server side application layer is implemented using ASP.NET with C#. It was used to provide interface between user and database. The queries are implemented in this layer for inserting, modifying and retrieving data. The access rights are also specified in the application layer. Last, the database layer stores the data of the germplasm for which the relational and normalized database structure was used with its implementation done using SQL Server 2008. The IIS (Internet Information Server) has been used to support web-based applications that access the databases. It is tightly integrated with the windows server in a number of ways, resulting in faster web page serving. For accessing the system world wide, it has been developed in “English” language. The hardware specifications include high end server and storage devices. The system operates on Windows 2008 Server operating system, SQL Server 2008 and IIS 7.0 have been used for database management server and web server, respectively. C# language for server side scripting and JavaScript for client side scripting has been used in developing the system.
Fig 2: A Home Page of Germplasm Information System.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The system is online user-friendly menu driven and allows users without knowledge of computer to store, modify and update germplasm information as and when required and perform search operations efficiently (Mundankar et al., 2008; Ravishankar et al., 2009 and Sarkar et al., 1996). A home page for Germplasm Information System has been designed to facilitate the authenticate users through valid user-id and password (Fig. 2). System has two components one for data management and other for generating queries and reports (Fig. 3). Germplasm Data Management Module has been designed for data entry, data updation and data submission. For security reasons, this module is restricted to System Administrator only. The Germplasm Report Generation Module has been developed to retrieve/search germplasm information based on single character or combination of more than one characters. This module of the system is operated by the End User without any security restrictions. Germplasm data management module: Under this module, a data entry form has been designed and developed for entering the basic information related to each accession of
Fig 3: Screen showing the System Modules.
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mungbean germplasm. A sample screen-shot provides the interface to add records of new germplasm into the database (Fig. 4). To avoid any typographic error of descriptors data (especially for morphological evaluation data), the system has the facility of drop down menu options for selecting the appropriate descriptor state for a particular descriptor (Morris et al., 1993 and Sharma et al., 2006). Germplasm report generation module: User customized reports have been designed in PDF format to generate the information on various parameters of interest for mungbean germplasm (Stafne et al., 2001). The brief descriptions of outputs/reports that can be generated from the developed system are as follows: 1.Reports on qualitative characters (morphological evaluation data) generate information about summary of statistics in tabular form and frequency distribution for a particular character in graphical form(Pie Chart) (Fig. 5). System also generates report on all qualitative characters in same manner stored in PDF format.
Fig 4: Screen showing Data Entry for Mungbean Gerplasm.
2.Reports on quantitative characters (agronomical evaluation data) shows the summary of statistics and frequency distribution for a selected character and/or all characters. Summary of statistics for selected character contains Number of accessions, Minimum value, Maximum value, Mean, Variance, SD (Standard Deviation), Skewness and Kurtosis, and frequency distribution comprising graphical representation (Bar Chart) of all accessions in a given range (Fig. 6). 3.Query based report generates report on single character and report on more than one character. After selecting the required parameters (Descriptor Name, Descriptor State and Value) and selection based on more than one characters (both morphological as well as agronomical characters) (Fig. 7), the following retrieval of information (Fig. 8) is generated.
Fig 5: Screen showing Report on Qualitative Characters.
4.Detail report (Fig. 9) displays all the information for each and every accession. This is a very significant report for the System Administrator. After generating this report it can be saved as PDF format in tabular form. CONCLUSION Database and Information System for Mungbean Germplasm is an online user-friendly menu driven system that can be used by various users viz., genetic resource specialists, crop breeders, researchers, planners, extension specialists and farmers. The user needs web browser and internet connectivity to access the system. The database of the system can also be updated by the valid users who are authorized and having rights for updation. The system
Fig 6: Screen showing Report on Quantitative Characters.
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Fig 7: Screen showing selection of parameters based on more than one characters.
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Fig 9: Screen showing germplasm detail report.
Fig 8: Screen showing retrieval of information.
contains information on 550 germplasm accessions including 18 morphological and 8 agronomical descriptors. It helps in retrieving the information for a single attribute or any combination of more than one attribute by identifying the most appropriate accessions with particular traits and interest. The system also provides statistical summary for each evaluation descriptor and its various descriptor
states. The system is expected to be of great significance to the end users and will help them in identification and selection of desired genotype. Nevertheless a continuous updation of the system is required to have most recent information of mungbean germplasm accessions to make it more useful. This system will be extended to other food legumes as well.
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