Overview of Overview of Innovative Antenna ...

Overview of Innovative Antenna Research at the University of Zagreb Juraj Bartolić

University of Zagreb Facultyy of Electrical Engineering g g and Computing p g Department of Wireless Communications

Antenna A R & D at the h U University i i off Z Zagreb b focus on

Miniaturisation

Small antennas

Broadbanding oadba d g Multiband antennas

UWB antennas Hardware d i design Reconfigurable antennas G1DMULT algorithm AIA &RFID

Conformal antennas

Optimization algorithms

Software design

Motivation • • • • • • • •

Antennas A t for f mobile bil tterminals i l Antennas for conventional base stations Antennas for UWB communications Reconfigurable f antennas for f base station and small terminal antennas Reconfigurable antennas for satellite communications RFID antennas Sensor antennas Active integrated antennas (AIA)

Outline • Small S ll antennas t (l (low profile fil antennas) t ) – Miniaturizing techniques – Broadbending techniques

• Antennas for UWB communications – Interference problem inside UWB range – Band rejection techniques

• • • •

Conformal antennas Active integrated and RFID antennas R Reconfigurable fi bl antennas t Software design g

Small Antennas

Small antennas Miniaturization techniques W

The first step: half the patch length ! W

patch

L≈ λ/2 via

L≈ λ/4

Small antennas Miniaturization techniques B

A 50 9,8

22,8

50

5 25

8,8 5

7

25 8,8

vodljiva ravnina

100

vodljiva ravnina

100

100

100

C

4,2 5

D

30

3,7 5

4,5

10

5

3,9

2,4

30

3,7

10

2,8

4

3

100

vodljiva ravnina

100

10 100 vodljiva ravnina

100

Ref: D. Bonefačić, et. al. Frequenz 2007 Ref: D. Bonefačić, J. Bartolić, ICECom 2010, Dubrovnik

Small antennas Miniaturization techniques 1

2

Sloped Coupled Patch 9,5 50 8

W

L

7

100

H d

h

Feed

50

8

7,5

31 6

5

Driven Patch

0 Ground Plane

Short Circuit

-5

Measured VSWR S 11 [dB ]

-10 -15

S11 [dB] -20 -25

PIFA PIFA PIFA + hand PIFA + hand PIFA + hand + head PIFA + hand + head

-30 30 -35 -40 850

Ref: D. Bonefačić, J. Bartolić, ICECom 2010, Dubrovnik

900

950

Frequency [MHz] Frequency [MHz]

1000

Ultra Wideband (UWB) Antennas

Interference problem in UWB systems

S lf Self-complementary l t antenna t Ö Development of a compact wide-band antenna g mount base stations for ceiling Self-complementary antenna

Self-complementary monopole

Arraying of two triangular monopoles ANTENNA 1

Za=188 Ω Za=94 Ω ground plane

Ref. J. Bartolić et al., APS 2007, Hawaii, Honolulu

Za=47 47 Ω

UWB antenna of two bow-tie monopoles

d2=74.5

d1=25.5

Ref. J. Bartolić et al., Frequenz 2007.

UWB antenna of two bow-tie bow tie monopoles |S11 |

0

[dB] 5

Z0=100Ω VSWR=2

10

1

VSWR=2 15

5 5

Z0=50Ω 20

25

30 0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Frequency [ GHz] 0 5 GHz 0.5

array (normalising impedance: Z0=50Ω) single (normalising impedance: Z0=100Ω)

Ref. J. Bartolić et al., Frequenz 2007.

4

4.5

5

Comparison of experimental results for modified antenna 90 120

90 1.0

60

60

E-plane

0.8

–10 10 dB

H-plane 150

0.6

30 –20 dB

30

0.4 0.2

–30 dB

180

0

1 GHz 3 GHz 5 GHz

210

240

0

330

64.3

100

feed

300 270

300 270

triangular l monopole grounded plate 300 64.3 grounded plate

330

1 GHz 3 GHz 5 GHz

80• 38.3

type-N connector

Planar noched UWB antennas Dual band 17 5 17.5 1

1

35 4 35.4 ground plane

2

coaxial feed

17.5 1

0 25 0.25

14 0 25 0.25

6.7

10

1

0.5

0.5

11.4 29.3 20.4

29.3

ground plane

ground plane

2

coaxial feed

2

coaxial feed

Ref: M. Banožić, et al., IWAT 2010, Lisbon

Active Integrated Antennas (AIA) AIA)

Constructing Elements for AIA Planar antennas Passive components

Active devices Schottky diode: mixer, multiplier varactor diode: tuning, VCO

power combiner/divider hybrids

Gunn device: mmw oscillator FET, HEMT, HBT: oscillator, ill t amplifier, lifi etc. t

transmission lines: (MS, CPW, SL, etc)

MEMS

filters, resonators MEMS

Compact self self-oscillating oscillating U U-patch patch AIA Circuit layout

Base R2 R1

E

Line Transformer

–Vdc

Collector Vias

Chip Capacitor

Ref: D. Bonefačić, J. Bartolić, AP-S 1999, Orlando

C Compact t self-oscillating lf ill ti push-pull h ll AIA Circuit layout

Base

E

Coupling Li Line Collector E

Collector Rstab

Base

–Vdc

Chip Capacitor

Ref: D. Bonefačić, J. Bartolić, EuMC 2000, Paris

S lf Self-oscillating ill ti push-pull h ll AIA Active circuit +Vdc d

coupling line RB C

∆fB≈180 ≈180°

RB C

T1

T2

output 1

L

Rstab

Rstab

∆fE≈180°

output 2

L

RE

–Vdc

T1 and T2 NPN bipolar transistors AT-41485

Reconfigurable Antennas

Slot antennas with frequency band switching g or changing g g PIN diode or MEMS or varactor diodes

0

0 -5

-5

-10 -10

S11 (d dB)

S11 (dB)

-15 -20 -25 -30

-15

-20

measurement calculation

-25

-35 measurement calculation

-40 -45 0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

-30

3

-35 0.5

1

Frequency (GHz)

Ref: T. Debogović et al., MRRS-2008, Kijev, Ukraine

1.5

2

Frequency (GHz)

2.5

3

Reconfigurable antennas Radiation pattern reconfiguration

Ref: T. Debogović, J. Bartolić, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Wireless Sensing, Local Positioning, and RFID, Cavtat, Croatia, 2009

Reconfigurable antennas Polarization reconfiguration

Ref: T. Debogovic and J. Bartolic, EuCAP 2010, Barcelona, Spain

Reconfigurable antennas Partially Reflective Surface (PRS) Antenna with Dynamic Beamwidth Control 10 x 10 planar PRS array

Unit cell

Driving patch & reflector (PEC) Ref: T. Debogović et al., IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2010

Reconfigurable antennas PRS antenna for linear polarization measured results E-plane H-plane

circular polarization

Ref: T. Debogović et al., accepted for ESA workshop (Challenges for Space Antenna Systems), Noordwijk, NL, 18-21 October, 2011.

RFID Antennas

Size reduction of RFID antenna for cable identification application Prototypes

Ref: Tin Komljenović et al., EuCAP 2011, Rome

Conformal Antennas

Conformal antennas design g Spectral domain Green’s function algorithm G1DMULT h b has been applied li d ffor analyzing l i diff differentt ttypes off z conformal arrays and lense-antennas: θ h

ρGND

dz dφ

εr , tan δ

Ref: Z. Šipuš et al., IEE Proc. Microwave Antennas Propag., 2005.

References:: References D. Bonefačić,, J. Bartolić,, Overview of Small Antenna Research at the Universityy of Zagreb, g , Conference Proceedings g of 20th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications(ICECom 2010), Dubrovnik, 20-23 Sept. 2010, pp. 1-8. M. Banožić, J. Bartolić, B. Ivšić, T. Debogović, Dual Band Planar Folded Monopole, 2010 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas Antennas, Innovative Structures and Materials (iWAT 2010), 2010) Lisbon Lisbon, Portugal Portugal, 1 1-3 3 March 2010, pp. 1-4. J. Bartolić, T. Debogović, M. Knežević, Ultra Wideband Antenna of Two Bow-Tie Monopoles, Frequenz, Vol. 61, No. 5, pp.106-109, 2007. D. Bonefačić, J. Bartolić, Design Considerations of an Active Integrated Antenna, Radioengineering, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 33-39, December 2005. T. Debogović, J. Bartolić, Pattern Reconfigurable Compact Antenna, Proceedings of IEEE MTT-S International p Series on Wireless Sensing, g, Local Positioning, g, and RFID,, Cavtat,, Sept. p 24–25,, 2009,, pp pp. 95-98. Microwave Workshop T. Debogović, J. Bartolić, Capacitively Fed Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna with Reconfigurable Circular Polarisation, Proceedings of 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2010), Barcelona, Spain, 12 – 16 April 2010, pp. 1-4 T Debogović, T. Debogović JJ. Perruisseau Perruisseau-Carrier, Carrier JJ. Bartolić Bartolić, Equivalent Surface Modelling for Reconfigurable Partially Reflective Surface Antennas, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP 2011), Roma, Italy, 11- 15 April 2011, pp. 3660-3664. T. Debogović, J. Perruisseau-Carrier, J. Bartolić , Partially Reflective Surface Antenna with Dynamic Beamwidth Control, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, pp. 1157 – 1160, Dec. 10, 2010. T. Komljenović, Z. Šipuš, J. Bartolić, RFID Tag Antenna for Cable Identification Application, Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications (ICECom 2010), Dubrovnik, 20-23 Sept. 2010,, pp. pp 1-4. T. Komljenović, Z. Šipuš, J. Bartolić, Size reduction of RFID antenna for cable identification application, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP 2011). Roma, Italy, 11- 15 April 2011, pp. 415-418. N. Burum, Z. Šipuš, J. Bartolić, Mutual Coupling Between Spherical-Rectangular Microstrip Antennas, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Letters Vol. Vol 40 40, No No. 5 5, pp. pp 387-391, 387 391 March 5, 5 2004 2004. Z. Šipuš, M. Lanne, L. Josefsson, Moment Method Analysis of Circular Cylindrical Array of Waveguide Elements Covered with a Multilayer Radome, IEE Proceedings. Microwaves, antennas and propagation, Vol. 153, No. 1, 2006, pp. 29-37.

Thank you ! Acknowlegment: Some parts of this material have been supported by EU and US Air Force through FP7 and EOARD projects, like ACE Antenna Centre of Excellence (FP7) (FP7), and some results are outcomes from the EU COST Actions 223 223, 245 245, 260 260, 284, 284 and ASSIST (IC0603 Action), and EurAAP WG on Small Antennas