termediasi-komputer/Introduction. /Introduction ... Mengetahui aplikasi dari
komunikasi termediasi ... networks—as its primary medium (Ess, 2007). Pertekom
...
Pengantar pada KomunikasiKomunikasitermediasi--komputer termediasi komputer/Introduction /Introduction to ComputerComputer-mediated Communication Oleh Akhmad Riza Faizal S.Sos; IMDLL.
[email protected]
Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Tujuan Perkuliahan Memahami pengertian komunikasitermediasi-komputer Mengetahui teori-teori yang melandasi komunikasi-termediasi-komputer Mengetahui aplikasi dari komunikasi termediasi komputer
Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
What is ComputerComputer-mediated Communication (CMC)?
Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) is any form of communication between two or more individual people who interact and/or influence each other via separate computers through the Internet or a network connection - using social software. CMC does not include the methods by which two computers communicate, but rather how people communicate via computers. Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Another definitions:
A relatively new but rapidly growing form of interaction (Lee & Nass, 2002)
The process by which people create, exchange, and perceive information using computer systems that facilitate encoding, transmitting, and decoding messages (December, 2003)
The communication that takes place between people via the computer (Herring, 1996)
Interaction between two or more intelligent agents that relies on ICT—usually a personal computer and networks—as its primary medium (Ess, 2007) Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
CMC: at its broadest, at its smallest
At its broadest CMC can encompass virtually all computer uses (Santoro, 1995)
In general, the term CMC refers to both task-related and interpersonal communication conducted by computer. This includes communication both to and through a personal or mainframe computer.(Ferris, 1997) Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Dimensions of CMC
Cue Richness ◦ Amount of multisensory communication cues available to each participant Decreasing Cue Richness example: full-motion A/V, graphics with audio, audio only, text with emoticons, text
Synchronicity ◦ Synchronous – all participants acting simultaneously or within very short time window ◦ Asynchronous – participant engages in communication at any time, without requiring simultaneous presence of other participants Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Types of CMC Asyncronous Syncronous
Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Asyncronous Communication
Asynchronous activities are independent of real-time and are comprised of activities, such as, viewing a web page, composing an Electronic Mail (e-mail), watching a video clip, or dowloading a file.
Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Asyncronous CMC CMC can include anything that is text -based, uses ICT as a technological base and can be used for two way transmission of ideas. Examples of CMC can include: emails mailbases shared network group folders discussion boards (or fora/forums) frequently updated hyperlinked webpages. Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Synchronous Communication
Synchronous activities occur concurrently between two or more users including such real-time applications as chat rooms or instant messaging which allow users to interact simultaneously through text, audio, and video with other users located anywhere in the world.
Synchronous CMC includes: Chat Instant messaging Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Type vs Dimensions Type/Dimension Low Cues
High Cues
Asyncronous
Low cues ACMC
High cues ACMC
Ex: email, sms
Ex: video email, MMS, media sharing sites
Syncronous
Low cues SCMC
High cues SCMC
Ex: chatting, IM,
Ex: real-time
online games
video conference Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Theories in CMC Media
Richness Theory Reduced cues Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE model) Hyperpersonal
Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Media Richness Theory (Daft & Lengel, Lengel, 1986) The degree of richness of a communication medium is dependent on the capacity of the medium to process ambiguous communication Richer media are more effective for equivocal tasks, and leaner media are better for unequivocal tasks Primary assumption is the more the medium reproduces face-to-face communication, the more people will feel the other person is “real”. Implication: higher bandwidth (information content), produces more feelings of presence and connection
Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Task--media Fit Hypothesis Task Suh (1999) explains the relationship between a task and media richness as follows: When a medium is too rich for a task (choice of a product), inefficient communication can result due to the distraction of non-essential cues and information; and When a medium is too lean for a task, then inefficient communication may result because insufficient cues and information are transmitted. Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Reduced cues
Low ambiguity/uncertainty
Face to face Video conferencing Telephone Instant messaging Letter E-mail
High ambiguity/uncertainty Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE) Theory The lack of individuating information renders intragroup differences less salient, thereby facilitating group identification with the partners The polarization thus enhanced attachment to the group accounts for increased social influence (Lea, Spears, & de Groot, 2001; Postmes, Spears, & Lea, 1999)
Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Hyperpersonal Theory (Joseph Walther) Media providing fewer nonverbal and metalinguistic cues provide more feelings of presence People assume conversational partners are like themselves May explain tendency to self-reveal inappropriately Compared to ordinary face-to-face situations, a hyperpersonal message sender has a greater ability to strategically develop and edit selfpresentation, enabling a selective and optimized presentation of oneself to others
Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
Terima Kasih Thank you Tusen takk Grazie Mille Aitah Domo Arigatou
Pertekom Sem. Ganjil TA 2009/2010
