Physics

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

BENCHMARKING OF PHYSICS LABORATORY

Need for Physics Laboratories in Kendriya Vidyalayas Hands-on learning has become a common phrase in science education. Like many other highly used terms and phrases, there are various interpretations of what is meant by "hands-on learning." Rather than attempt to offer a definitive operational definition, we present in this section a variety of viewpoints on what is meant by hands-on learning in science. Then we address the issues of whether hands-on learning is a new phenomenon and whether hands-on approaches will continue to have a continual impact on science teaching and learning in schools. The importance of student investigation of basic scientific principles cannot be overstated. Hands-on learning is the only way students can directly observe and understand science. As students develop effective techniques for observing and testing everything around them, they learn the what, how, when, and why, of things with which they interact. These experiences are necessary if the youngsters of today are to remain "turned-on" to science and become scientifically literate. Bench Marking of Physics Laboratories in Kendriya Vidyalayas (A) Physical Facilities

S No. 1.

Item\Faculty Standard Room Size/Dimension

2.

Store

3.

Teacher’s Room

4.

Power Supply

5. 6.

Fire Extinguisher Water Supply

Specifications Lab size with capacity to accommodate a group of 25-30 students for class XI & XII. Must have a working area of 8mx7m with 1mx1m circulation area, as per CBSE norms. It should be attached with teacher’s cum dark cum preparation room on one side. There should also be a provision of store room of area 3mx7m on the other side of the working area. Working platform, of height 85cm from floor with 65cm width, should be constructed on both side of the room with granite top. Store must have sufficient no. of almirahs to accommodate the items, documents, stock registers etc. For teacher to study and keep records, well equipped with furniture and inbuilt cup-board 15 electrical points ( atleast two sockets with 5A out put) for doing electrical experiments at a time and one LCD projector. Fixtures such as tube lights and fans should have a s separate phase. Atleast one meant for all types of fires. Lab must have at least one water supply outlet and one wash basin

7.

Exhaust & Ventilors

8.

Flooring

9.

Interactive Board & Display Board

10.

Teacher Table & Chair

11.

Personal Computer and Computer Table

12.

Mini Subject Library

13. 14. 15.

LCD Projector First Aid Kit Air Conditioner

16.

Student’s stools

Exhaust:- Min. two which can be increased as per volume of the lab. Ventilators:- Six for min. light. Flooring should be of tiles or with Kota stone

One interactive visual Board located as suitable height to be easily visible by the students. Four display Board for display of important circulars and other related data. One teacher table with drawer and formica top along with two chairs should be in the lab. These must be slightly higher in height than routine school furniture for better monitoring and demonstration. One computer with latest configuration equipped with software for the syllabus as specified by CBSE for classes XI & XII a broadband connection, with printer and scanner fixed on a 3’x2’x2.5x size , single flat shelf at bottom. Must be maintained so that students may refer to the books of their taste. Must include reference books, general magazines on Computers, notices of various Olympiads. Preferably roof mounted. A first aid kit with burnol mild antiseptic cream. Air Conditioners with separate wiring/phase other than that of electrical points for IT equipments. 25 to 30 stools to accommodate 25-30 students in a lab and should be of suitable height to provide ample leg space under the tables and should have broad leg area to provide more stability.

(B) Usability/Usage S.No. 1.

Item/Facility Practical

2.

Conduct of Projects

3.

Demonstrations

Specifications The Syllabi allocated should be divided judiciously term wise i.e. from April to August and October to February. Practicals and activities to be interlinked with syllabi. Projects must emphasize creativity and originality. These must supplement the syllabi but must be slightly above the syllabi. A list of projects must be pre-planned judiciously and can be administered either individually or in groups as per the interest of the students. Students need to be guided time to time in completion of the work. One project in one term should be preferred. Project should be of investigatory or analytical in nature. The Syllabi should be supplemented with demonstration/activities. Videos available on

4. 5. 6.

Workshops/Seminars Science Exhibition Public Demonstration

Keeping your lab functional S.No. Item/Facility 1. Maintenance of Equipment

2.

Fire extinguisher

3.

Electrical Maintenance

4.

Stock Verification

5.

Condemnation

6.

Procurement

www.youtube.com can also give an additional edge to the teaching. Workshops/Seminars should be conducted in the school. Vidyalaya level, cluster level, regional level, national level. Once in a week in morning assembly, alternatively physics chemistry and biology.

Specifications The equipment must be maintained functional and necessary repair work whenever needed must be carried out periodically. The microscopes and other equipments should be checked periodically. Must be refilled every year and pressure gauge should be checked periodically. Power points should be checked for any naked wire, non functionality, switch failure etc. Check the tube lights and exhaust regularly. Must be regularly done at the year end to have check on articles. The equipment that becomes non functional due to routine wear and tear or with time should be condemned yearly. The equipment condemned, needed as per changes in syllabi must be procured immediately.

Proposed Layout

MINIMUM INSTRUMENTS/EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED

SR NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

ITEMS BALANCE (SPRING) BALANCE (PHYSICAL) WEIGHT BOXES RESONANCE TUBE APPARATUS VERNIERS CALLIPERS FORTINS BAROMETER METALLIC CYLINDER METAL SPHERES METER SCALE (WOODEN) S G BOTTLES SPHEROMETERS SCREW GAUGE STOP WATCHES INCLINED PLANE GRAVE SAND’S APPARATUS YOUNG’S MODULUS CONCAVE MIRRORS CONVEX LENSES GLASS PRISMS GLASS SLABS SCREEN (GLASS) LENS STAND OPTICAL BENCH WIRE GAUGE STAND (IRON) TRAVELING MICROSCOPE COPPER CALORIMETER SOLDERING RODS THERMOMETERS MAX MIN THERMOMETERS MAGNET (BAR, SPHERICAL, CYLINDRICAL, SHOE) COM[PASS NEEDLES IRON STAND AND CLAMPS HELICAL SPRING APPARATUS AMMETER VOLTMETER GALVANOMETER THUMB PINS

LIFE IN YEARS 2 5 5 5 2 2 2 5 1 2 2 2 5 2 3 3 CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE 1 3 2 7 5 2 CONSUMABLE 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 CONSUMABLE

38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77.

ALL PINS ELECTRIC BELL LACLANCHE CELL GOLD LEAF ELECTROSCOPE GLASS RODS EBONITE RODS SILK/FLANNEL WATER BATH SLIDE WIRE BRIDGE POTENTIOMETER ONE WAY & TWO WAY KEYS RESISTANCE BOXES RHEOSTAT RESISTANCE COILS TAPPING KEY(TWO WAY) TANGENT GALVANOMETER INDUCTION COIL TORCH LAMP HOLDER SWITCHES CUTOUT FUSES PLIERS TUNNING FORKS SOLDER (ELECTRICAL) GRADUATED CYLINDER SPIRIT LEVEL BATTERY BOXES CONNECTING WIRES DRAWING BOARD BAROMETER TUBE MICROSCOPE PIN HOLE CAMERA SHARP FILE PLANO-CONVEX LENS WITH BIG APERTURE DIP NEEDLE ELECTRONIC BUZZER (FREQ 500 TO 1000Z) REFRACTING TELESCOPE CYLINDER (VISCOSITY APPARATUS) CHINA DISH CAPILLARY TUBE METALLIC TUBE (BOTH END OPEN)

CONSUMABLE 1 CONSUMABLE 2 CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 1 1 CONSUMABLE 3 2 1 CONSUMABLE 2 2 1 2 CONSUMABLE 5 5 2 2 5 2 5 2 2 CONSUMABLE 5

78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113.

STANDARD CELLS WATER JET OF DIFFERENT NOZZLE SIZE GEOMETRY BOXES POLAROIDS IRON WIRES TOOL KIT PLANE MIRROR ELECTROMAGNET GAS BURNER VAN DEGRAFF GENERATOR WORKING MODEL ROUND BOTTOM FLASK NEWTON LAW OF COOLING APPARATUS SONOMETER APPARATUS OHMS LAW APPARATUS STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTIC APPARATUS PN JUNCTION CHARACTERISTIC APPARATUS PNP/NPN TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTIC APPARATUS LASER POINTER DEMO MODEL OF VERNIER CALIPER DEMO MODEL OF SCREW GAUGE DEMO MODEL OF SPHEROMETER LDR LED RESISTORS CAPACITORS DIODES TRANSISTORS MULTIMETER DIGITAL HOOKS LAW APPARATUS EXTENSION BOARD PARALLELOGRAM FORCES APPARATUS RUBBER PAD BEAKER SCREW DRIVER HOLLOW GLASS PRISM

CONSUMABLE 1 2 CONSUMABLE 2 3 CONSUMABLE 2 2 3 CONSUMABLE 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 1 5 5 5 CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE CONSUMABLE 2 1 1 3 1 CONSUMABLE 1 CONSUMABLE