Process Parameter Settings for Core Shooter Machine ... - CyberLeninka

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Problem definition ... Fig .1.(a) Casting of l drum; (b)Core of the selected casting. 4. Methodology. Selection of ... core may erode and inclusions or other defects occurs in castings and to hard will be not economical as it maNes use of more ...
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

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