IAVCEI IAVCEI Collapse Collapse Caldera Caldera Commission Commission VII VIIthth International International Workshop Workshop on on Collapse Collapse Calderas Calderas Toba Toba Caldera, Caldera, Sumatra, Sumatra, Indonesia Indonesia 21 21stst to to 27 27thth September, September, 2018 2018
Program and Abstracts
International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI)
IAVCEI Commission on Collapse Calderas
Badan Geologi (The Geological Agency of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia)
Local Organizing Committee Shanaka de Silva
Oregon State University, U.S.A
Ruly Setiawan
Center for Geological Survey of Indonesia
Indyo Pratomo
Geological Agency of Indonesia
Oktory Prambada
Center for Volcanic and Geological Hazard Management
Adonara Mucek
Oregon State University, U.S.A
Casey Tierney
Northern Arizona University, U.S.A
Annette Horschmann
Tabo Cottages, Tuk Tuk
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List of Foreign Participants Last Name
First Name
Email
Affiliation
Country
Aguirre
Gerrardo
[email protected]
UNAM, Querretaro
Mexico
Barbee
Olivia
[email protected]
Michigan Technological University
U.S.A
Brugman
Kara
[email protected]
Arizona State University
U.S.A
Chesner
Craig
[email protected]
Eastern Illinois University
U.S.A
Danisik
Martin
[email protected]
Curtin University
Australia
de Silva
Shanaka
[email protected]
Oregon State University
U.S.A
Fabbro
Gareth
[email protected]
Nanyang Technological University
Singapore
Goto
Yoshihiko
[email protected]
Muroran Institute of Technology
Japan
Gouramanis
Christos
[email protected]
National University of Singapore
Singapore
Gravely
Darren
[email protected]
University of Canterbury
N.Z.
Guillerme
Gualda
[email protected]
Vanderbilt University
U.S.A
Ito
Histoshi
[email protected]
CRIEPI
Japan
Kaneko
Katsuya
[email protected]
Kobe University
Japan
Kosik
Szabolcs
[email protected]
Massey University
NZ
Liu
Pingping
[email protected]
Peking University
China
Martinez-Cruz
Maria
[email protected]
Universidad Nacional OVSICORIUNA
Costa Rica
Massaro
Silvia
[email protected]
Bari University
Italy
Miura
Daisuke
[email protected]
Osaka Prefecture University
Japan
Moreno Millan
Juanita
[email protected]
National University of Singapore
Singapore
Mucek
Adonara
[email protected]
Singapore
Singapore
Pellicioli
Claudia
[email protected]
Università degli Studi di Milano
Italy
Rattigan
Pamela
[email protected]
University of Glasgow
UK
Rogozin
Aleksei
[email protected]
Institute of Volc. and Seismology
Russia
Self
Steve
[email protected]
UC Berkeley
U.S.A
Sulpizio
Roberto
[email protected]
University of Bari
Italy
Tierney
Casey
[email protected]
Northern Arizona University
U.S.A
Tomijima
Chiharu
[email protected]
Osaka Prefecture University
Japan
Uesawa
Shimpei
[email protected]
CRIEPI
Japan
Yasuda
Yuki
[email protected]
Kobe University
Japan
2
List of Indonesian Participants Last Name Suhendar
First Name Rudy
Affiliation Head of Geological Agency
Ratdomopurbo Antonius
Secretary of Geological Agency
Lelono
Head of Centre for Geological Survey
Eko Budi Kasbani
Head of CVGHM
Alcanadre
Rio
Centre for Geological Survey
Bangun
Baginta
Geological Agency
Effendi
Mutiara
Centre for Geological Survey
Handoko
Cipto
Geological Agency
Indyo
Pratomo
Geological Agency
Irawan
Wawan
CVGHM
Kusniadi
Ari
Geological Agency
Kusworo
Aries
Centre for Geological Survey
Lilies
Marie
Geological Agency
Permana
Asep Kurnia
Centre for Geological Survey
Prabowo
Arief
Centre for Geological Survey
Prambada
Oktory
Geological Agency
Pratomo
Indyo
CVGHM
Setiawan
Ruly
Centre for Geological Survey
Sipayung
Andhy
Geological Agency
Suhanto
Edy
Geological Agency
Dipowiguno Kristianto
Centre for Geological Survey CHGHM UNVERSITES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Ginting
Nurlisa
Halawa
Analise
Head of Lake Toba Tourism and Sustainability; Faculty of Engineering, University of North Sumatra Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mineral Technology, Science and Technological Institute of TD. Pardede, Medan
Harijoko
Agung
Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada Univ., Yogyakarta 1. Head of Tourism Department, Provincial Government of North Sumatra. 2. Head of Caldera Toba Geopark Management Agency
Hidayati Lubis
Gustam
Faculty of Geological Engineering, Technological Institute of Medan
Sembiring
Gagarin
1. President of Indonesian Association of Geologists Region North Sumatra. 2. Dept. of Energy and Mineral Resources-Provincial Government of North Sumatra
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Temporal-volumetric pattern of small-volume volcanism of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand Szabolcs Kósik1, Károly Németh1, Darren M. Gravley2, Jonathan N. Procter1 1Volcanic Risk Solutions, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand 2 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand *
[email protected] The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is one of the most productive silicic volcanic regions on Earth of which mass magma output is dominated by 12 caldera-forming events in the past 350 ky (Wilson et al. 1995; Wilson et al. 2009). In addition to the caldera-forming eruptions, more than 300 small-volume eruptions occurred within the central TVZ producing more than 260 km3 DRE volume of volcanic material. Most of these eruptions meet the criteria for smallvolume volcanism due to their one-off eruption periods, relatively short durations and limited individual volumes (e.g. Németh and Kereszturi, 2015; Smith and Németh, 2017). The DRE volumes produced by these examined individual events range between 105-106 m3 to 17.5 km3. Excluding the Unit S eruption from the Taupo Volcanic Centre (3.55 ka, 7.5 km3; Wilson et al., 2009), the individual volume of a few coulees at Okataina Volcanic Centre, Edgecumbe and Tauhara lava dome complexes, exceed the volume of 2-3 km3 erupted from single vents. The 1 km3 limit for small-volume eruptions is defined on the basis of characteristic eruptive volumes of mafic volcanic fields (Németh and Kereszturi, 2015), which typically produce significantly smaller volume eruptions than the silicic volcanic systems. Hence, the acceptable volume for silicic small-volume eruptions is supposed to be higher than the typical limit. Accordingly, our study includes all eruptions having erupted volumes most likely insufficient for triggering caldera collapse. Our data indicates four distinct periods with different magma output rates of small-volume volcanism in the past 350 ka (Fig. 1), which may be an indication as to the evolution and overall magma production of the central TVZ and/or changing tectonic stress regimes. Fig. 1 Cumulative DRE volumes versus time for the central TVZ’s small- volume eruptions within the past 350 ka. For comparison, the caldera- forming eruptions’ tem- poral distribution and erupted DRE volumes are indicated after Wilson et al. (2009), Danišík et al. (2012) and Gravley et al. (2016).
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Period 1 is characterised by an intense ignimbrite flare-up (cf. Gravley et al., 2016) and a comparably insignificant apparent magma output from small-volume eruptions. Period 2 begins at ~275ka when the end of the ignimbrite flare-up coincides with an increase in small volume eruptions. The increased small volume eruption activity declines significantly at ~180ka (start of Period 3), as indicated by the decrease in erupted magma from 0.8 km3/ky to 0.2 km3/ky. The relatively quiescent Period 3 continued until ~50 ka, when both calderaforming and small volume eruption activity accelerated (Period 4); the latter characterized by an order of magnitude increase in magma output (3 km3/ky). The small volume eruption magma output rate for Period 4 is seven times higher than the average for the previous 300 ky and twenty times higher than the previous 50 ky (Table 1). The ~150 km3 magma from smallvolume eruptions duing Period 4 is one and half times higher than the median volume for caldera-forming eruptions in the last 350 ky (cf. Wilson et al., 2009). Entire period Period 1 Period 2 350 ka to present 350 ka - 275 ka 275 ka - 180 ka Frequency (events / ky) Total DRE magma output (km3) Mean DRE volume (km3) Median DRE volume (km3) Average output rate (km3/ky)
Period 3 180 ka - 50 ka
Period 4 50 ka to present
0.96
0.34
1.31
0.73
1.82
264.8
12.2
77.1
28.1
147.4
0.79
0.51
0.62
0.29
1.64
0.18
0.27
0.30
0.10
0.20
0.76
0.16
0.81
0.22
2.95
Table 1 Characteristics of eruption frequency and magma output of smallvolume eruptions of the TVZ from 350 ka to present with respect to the inferred 4 periods distinguished by magma output rates (Fig. 1).
The two active volcanic centres (Taupo and Okataina) of the TVZ displayed very different temporal-volume patterns in the past 50 ky for small-volume eruptions. Okataina Volcanic Centre produced 111.7 km3 DRE of volcanic material from 24 eruptions and was characterized by higher volume eruptions with median yields of 3.35 km3 DRE (mean: 4.7 km3). In contrast, Taupo volcano only produced 18.8 km3 DRE of volcanic material from 39 distinct eruptive episodes. The median DRE volume of these eruptions is only 0.1 km3 and the mean is 0.48 km3. This may suggest that the magma reservoirs of the two volcanic centres are either characterized by different rates of magma resupply/generation (i.e. Okataina has higher magma generation rates than Taupo), or they have similar magma generation rates, but Okataina is more tectonically tuned for extraction and eruption of this magma. Considering the total magma output including the three caldera-forming eruptions (Rotoiti, Oruanui, and Taupo), Taupo Volcanic Centre may be characterised by a high ratio of magma generation versus erupted volume for small-volume volcanism (i.e. a leaky caldera magma system) indicating a potentially higher probability for future caldera-forming eruptions?? References Cited. Danišík, M., et al., 2012. Earth Planet. Sci. Letts. 349: 240–250. Gravley D.M., et al., 2016. Ear.-Sci. Rev. 162: 65–82. Németh, K., and Kereszturi, G., 2015. Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol. Rundsch.) 104: 2131–2146. Smith, I.E.M., and Németh, K., 2017. Geol. Soc., London, Sp. Pub., 446(1): 1–28. Wilson, C.J.N., et al., 1995. Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 68(1-3): 1–28. Wilson, C.J.N., et al., 2009. Stud. in Volcanol.: The Legacy of George Walker, (Sp. Pub. of IAVCEI 2, 225–247). London, UK 32
