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QoSBeeManet: a new QoS multipath routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks Salim Bitam1, Mohamed Batouche and Abdelhamid Mellouk 1. Computer science department, Mohamed Khider University of Biskra, Algeria GLOBECOM 2010, SaCoNAS Workshop, December 06, 2010 Miami, FL, USA

Outline • Introduction • Bee communication in nature • QoSBeeManet: Description • Simulation framework • Experimental results • Conclusion and perspectives

Outline • Introduction • Bee communication in nature • QoSBeeManet: Description • Simulation framework • Experimental results • Conclusion and perspectives

Introduction (1) • Motivations and objectives • To ensure the routing task for the multimedia and real time applications in the MANET context, • Need of a set of QoS guarantees such as: 1. Reducing the end to end delay, 2. Decreasing the packet lost, 3. Increasing the bandwidth, 4. Improving the quality of the overhead.

Introduction (2) Our contribution • A new multipath (QoS) routing protocol for MANETs called:

QoSBeeManet

• A swarm-based protocol: close imitation of the autonomic bee communication, • Inspiring from one of the most important bee behaviors: food source foraging • Reactive, adaptive, distributed, by node (only next hop) • Route discovery with stochastic Broadcasting of control packets (sending only to 80% of neighbors)

Outline • Introduction • Bee communication in nature • QoSBeeManet: Description • Simulation framework • Experimental results • Conclusion and perspectives

Bee communication in nature (1) A. Bee colony components: Queen, Drones, Workers and Broods B. Bee behaviors: 1. Foraging behavior 1.1 food source searching 1.2 new nest site searching 2. Reproduction behavior 3. Honeycomb building 4. Defend the beehive

Bee communication in nature (2) C. Foraging behavior (food source searching): • •

Exploration food sources by workers (scouts), If founding food source then - returning scouts to the beehive, - executing waggle dance, →to recruit the nest mates (others) to exploit the discovery,

Outline • Introduction • Bee communication in nature • QoSBeeManet: Description • Simulation framework • Experimental results • Conclusion and perspectives

QoSBeeManet architecture: Projection (nature – computational field)

Intermediate nodes represent the workers Destination node corresponds to the food Beehive MANET represents is seen as bee theenvironment source node source

m

Packet types (1) A. Scout: type: control packet, task: route discovery, --> two kinds,

1. Forward scout

task: Finding the food (destination)

ScoutId BeehiveId FoodId Bandwidth Delay Lifespan Hop count Stamp Min. requested Max. allowed Max. hops (loop free propriety) Nb. of executed hops Transmission time

Packet types (2) 2. Backward scout task: Communicating the discovery to the nest mates in the beehive (source node)

ScoutId BeehiveId FoodId Bandwidth Delay Lifespan Hop count Stamp Min. requested Max. allowed Time to life Total nb. of hops Trip time (source-destination)

B. Forager: type: data packet, task: data transmission.

Routes table Node

IP Destination

• For each node, i

1

Route

1

Route

k

IP Next hop IP Next hop • Neighbors Different routes to one destination are saved, list IP Prior hop

IP Prior hop

count Hop count • Each path is evaluatedHop relevant to its quality Link weight Link weight (weighting factor) ID Scout ID Scout • Consequently Timeout Timeout • More packets are transmitted via Route the delay path with Route delay Bandwidth high link weight (high quality) Bandwidth IP Destination

j

QoSBeeManet steps

1. at the beehive 2. at an intermediate node 3. at the destination

Transport layer (Data will be sent)

Beehive: Data source 1 Data (waiting in queue)

Yes

23

No

Forager

24’

Data waiting forager

QoS route

Yes 24

Routes Table 20 Routes table updating

3

No 2

2

Creating, cloning and sending forward scouts (stochastic broadcasting)

Sending data using forager via a weighted route 25

4

22

Data waiting route

Data link layer

Forager recruiting

21

Queue asking Backward scout in backway 19

Bees: intermediate nodes Route bringing NO

QoS route

Yes

18 = 18’

7

6 Yes

Cloning and sending forward scouts (stochastic broadcasting) 8

17

7’ Return to the beehive

Return to the beehive Scout Id. and beehive Id. recording

Routes table

17’

New scout and QoS constraints

Forward scout reception 5 Data link layer

18 No

Forward to 16 the next node

6’

Scout dropped

27

Routes table updating

Forager reception Backward scout reception 15

26 28

Transport layer

Food source: destination

30 Routes table

12

10 Scout Id. and beehive Id. recording

Yes

New scout and QoS constraints

No

10’

11 Scout dropped

Routes table updating

Forager reception

Forward scout reception

13 Return to the beehive (as backward scout ) 14

9 Data link layer

29

Outline • Introduction • Bee communication in nature • QoSBeeManet: Description • Simulation framework • Experimental results • Conclusion and perspectives

Simulation framework (1) • Simulation environment: Network Simulator 2.34 under Linux OS,

Ubuntu distribution, 9.10 version.

• Scenarios: – Node number: 50 – Simulation area: 1200 × 1200 m2 – MAC Protocol: 802.11 – Mobility model: Random way point – Simulation time: 500s – Node movements (direction): random – Node velocities (three scenarios): (1-5m/s, 1-10m/s, 1/20m/s)

Simulation framework (2) • Performing computations on P4 1.73 GHz with 2Go main memory. • QoSBeeManet evaluation: Comparison against AODV and DSR • Comparison metrics: – Average end-to-end delay – Bandwidth – Packet delivery ratio – Routing protocol overhead

Outline • Introduction • Bee communication in nature • QoSBeeManet: Description • Simulation framework • Experimental results • Conclusion and perspectives

By velocity:

Experimental results

1- 5 m/s delay

Bandwidth

PDR

RPO

AODV

0.90

473.26

91.87

76.64

DSR

2.46

453.95

99.10

61.38

QoSBeeManet

0.22

632.33

98.96

63.22

1- 10 m/s delay

Bandwidth

PDR

RPO

AODV

0.95

434.00

92.23

77.77

DSR

2.62

432.39

98.99

62.37

QoSBeeManet

0.31

622.01

98.81

63.36

1- 20 m/s

delay

Bandwidth

PDR

RPO

AODV

0.93

530.50

92.77

74.07

DSR

2.35

529.42

99.18

58.45

QoSBeeManet

0.31

607.79

98.77

63.66

Avr. Bandwidth Kbit/s

Avr. end-to-end delay (s)

By metric:

Routing protocol overhead

Packet delivery ratio

Discussion (1) Due to: 1. the fast routes discovery (stochastic broadcasting) and, 2. the multipath routing: • QoSBeeManet reaches: • The lowest average end-to-end delay against AODV and DSR (lower than 0.5s), • The highest average bandwidth (632.33 Kbit/s)

Discussion (2) • Good Packet Delivery Ratio (the best is DSR due to the cache routing policy) • Reasonable Routing Protocol Overhead (No exhaustive route request and then no flooding DSR is the best same reason as PDR-).

Outline • Introduction • Bee communication in nature • QoSBeeManet: Description • Simulation framework • Experimental results • Conclusion and perspectives

Conclusion and perspectives Summary:  QoSBeeManet new QoS routing protocol for MANETs Using: Stochastic broadcasting in the route discovery. • It’s multipath protocol (weighted paths). • Efficiency in terms of delay, bandwidth, PDR and RPO. Perspectives: • Investigate this protocol on very large scalable networks and real MANETs, • Thinking to the Multicast routing with QoSBeeManet.

Thank you very much for your kind attention