Enabling QoS Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
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Enabling QoS Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
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課堂指導教授：林振盛 學生：鄭聖文
Outline Introduction Background And Related Works Brief Description of SEEM Description of the QoS Multipath Routing Protocol Performance Evaluation Conclusion And Future Work
2
2010/5/11
Introduction Wireless Communications
Sensors
Tasks
Military and Civilian
Application
3
Tiny, Low-cost, Low energy
Environment monitor, Wild animals track and Battlefield surveillance
Storage space Energy supply Data processing Communication bandwidth
2010/5/11
Introduction (Cont.) Secure and Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing (SEEM) Performance
SEEM gains a better performance compared to Directed Diffusion routing protocol
Term
5
Network throughput, Network lifespan, Communication overhead
2010/5/11
Introduction (Cont.) Quality of Service (QoS)
Two attributes
Reliability and Delay
Reliability
Packets delivery ratio
6
Hardware failures Collision
2010/5/11
Introduction (Cont.) Quality Of Service Multipath Routing Protocol (QOSMR)
Extends SEEM Providing QoS guarantees
Data transmission at the same time
7
Network throughput, Network lifetime QOSMR: More than one source to the base station SEEM: Only one source to the base station
2010/5/11
Background And Related Works The main goal for most proposed routing protocols
Consuming low power, extending the network lifetime
Example
For some mission-critical, energy-efficiency is far more enough
Example
8
Habitat monitoring
Warning alert systems
2010/5/11
Background And Related Works (Cont.) QoS have three basic data delivery models
Event-driven model Query-driven model
9
Example：Microsoft SensorWeb
Continuous delivery model
2010/5/11
Background And Related Works (Cont.)
SensorWeb
10
By Microsoft Corporation Is an example of query-driven applications Deployed by contributors across the globe Use the shared sensing resources, the sensor querying, tasking mechanisms
Secure and Energy-Efficient Multipath routing protocol Better performance
12
Network throughput, Network lifespan, Communication overhead
2010/5/11
Brief Description of SEEM (Cont.)
SEEM consists of three phases
13
Topology Construction Data Transmission Topology Maintenance
2010/5/11
Brief Description of SEEM (Cont.)
Limitation of SEEM
Not suitable
Multiple source nodes sending data to BS at the same time More sensor nodes transmitting simultaneously
Collision occurs
QOSMR
14
Overcome the limitations SEEM
2010/5/11
Description of the QoS Multipath Routing Protocol
QOSMR Overview Adopt the same mechanisms as SEEM Building network topology Multipath Improvements of QOSMR include two points BS selects disjoint paths for different source nodes
Send data to the BS at the same time
If no disjoint paths are available
BS schedules the data transmission of each source node
15
Avoid collisions
2010/5/11
Description of the QoS Multipath Routing Protocol (Cont.)
Example
2
3
8←→5 ←→ 3 ←→ 2 ←→1 8←→7 ←→ 6 ←→ 4 ←→1
4
6
5
7
8
Overlapped with the only available path to node 5
16
5←→3 ←→ 2 ←→ 1
node 8 to node 1
1
node 5 to node 1
BS
Great chance of collisions
2010/5/11
Description of the QoS Multipath Routing Protocol (Cont.)
If all the source nodes send packets to BS simultaneously
Cause three problems
High collisions occur at the intermediate node Energy will run out very quickly Protocol takes to deal with packets missing
Avoid this situation
17
Use multiple source nodes
2010/5/11
Description of the QoS Multipath Routing Protocol (Cont.)
Multiple source nodes
BS
Use the 1st path for node 5 Use the 2nd path for node 8
3
5
6
3←→5 ←→ 2 ←→ 1 6←→5 ←→ 4 ←→ 1 7←→5 ←→ 8 ←→ 1
7
2
BS
1
4 8
18
2
4
Example
1
8 3
5
6 7 2010/5/11
Description of the QoS Multipath Routing Protocol (Cont.)
One node exists on three paths Transmission schedule
between two source nodes is 0.1s
4 8
5
6 7
After the last source node sending packet
19
1
Interval time of sending
3
Intermediate node 5
2
Pause of 1s
2010/5/11
Description of the QoS Multipath Routing Protocol (Cont.)
Transmission schedule
6
7
pause
3
6
7
pause
...
0.1s
0.1s
0.1s
1s
0.1s
0.1s
0.1s
1s
...
Total interval of transmitting two packets
3
Waiting time of each source node 0.1s + 0.1s + 0.1s + 1s = 1.3s
When N source nodes share one intermediate node
Interval for each node 0.1s * N + 1s When N is too large to make the interval too long
20
Decrease waiting or pause time
2010/5/11
Performance Evaluation
Simulation tool
Network Simulator NS-2
Simulation Model and Evaluation Metrics
Region : 150m * 150m Change the network size
21
Number of nodes from 30 to 130 nodes Increment of 20 nodes
2010/5/11
Performance Evaluation (Cont.)
Compare the performance
QOSMR and SEEM
Throughput
Source nodes to Base Station
Network Lifetime
First node failure occurs
22
Ratio of successfully received data packets
Energy reserve is reduced to zero
2010/5/11
Performance Evaluation (Cont.)
Simulation Results
Network throughput
SEEM
23
Not benefit from the increase of network size either Collisions occur
2010/5/11
Performance Evaluation (Cont.)
Network throughput (Cont.)
QOSMR
It can select disjoint path to different source nodes
When the network size increases
24
SEEM can not
Possibility of finding disjoint path increases
Avoid collisions
2010/5/11
Performance Evaluation (Cont.)
Network lifetime
SEEM does not perform well
Two reasons
25
Energy consumed much faster Send Lost packets, needs additional energy
2010/5/11
Conclusion And Future Work
QOSMR
Reliability of packets delivery To guarantee the reliability
26
Decrease the collisions occurred while Multiple source nodes send packets to the BS at the same time Adopts two mechanisms
Select completely disjoint multipath for different source nodes
If no disjoint multipath , use transmission schedule
2010/5/11
Conclusion And Future Work (Cont.)
Future Work
Considers another element of QoS routing
Delay
27
Vital to some real-time applications Long-time waiting can not be tolerated
