Real-Time Systems. Model Driven Development

Monica Dragoicea, “Real-Time Systems. Model Driven Development” (in Romanian), Editura Universitara, Bucharest, Romania, 370 pages, ISBN 978-973-749-924-0, 2011

http://www.editurauniversitara.ro/carte/informatica-57/sisteme_in_timp_real_dezvoltare_pe_baza_de_model/731

CUPRINS

Prefat¸ˇ a

7

I Dezvoltarea pe bazˇ a de model a sistemelor ˆın timp-real 11 Capitolul 1 Sisteme ˆın timp-real

13

1.1. Definit¸ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

1.1.1. Sisteme ˆın timp-real . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

1.1.2. Sisteme incorporate (embedded ) . . . . . . . . . . . .

18

1.1.3. Sisteme incorporate ˆın timp-real . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

1.2. Caracterizarea sistemelor ˆın timp-real . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

1.2.1. Caracteristici generale ale sistemelor ˆın timp-real . .

23

1.2.2. Concurent¸a ˆın sistemele ˆın timp-real . . . . . . . . .

25

1.2.3. Taskuri ¸si procesare multitasking . . . . . . . . . . .

27

1.2.4. Predictibilitatea execut¸iei ˆın sisteme ˆın timp-real

. .

28

1.3. Aspecte ale proiectˇarii sistemelor ˆın timp-real . . . . . . . .

29

1.3.1. Notat¸ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32

1.3.2. Metode de proiectare pentru sisteme ˆın timp-real . . i

36

ii

CUPRINS 1.4. Proiectarea pe bazˇa de model a sistemelor ˆın timp real . . .

38

1.4.1. Arhitectura bazatˇa pe model . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

1.4.2. Dezvoltare pe bazˇa de model . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44

1.4.3. Metodologii de proiectare pentru sistemele ˆın timp-real 46 1.5. Sumar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capitolul 2 Standarde de modelare

60 61

2.1. Modele ¸si modelare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62

2.2. Standardul de modelare UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64

2.2.1. Scurtˇa istorie a UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64

2.2.2. UML ¸si tehnologia orientatˇa spre obiecte . . . . . . .

67

2.2.3. Caracteristici UML 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70

2.2.4. Diagrama de clase ˆın UML 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72

2.2.5. Diagrama de structurˇa compusˇa . . . . . . . . . . . .

84

2.2.6. Diagrama de cazuri de utilizare . . . . . . . . . . . .

86

2.2.7. Diagrama de activitˇa¸ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

91

2.2.8. Diagrama de stˇari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

93

2.2.9. Diagrame de interact¸iune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 2.3. Standardul de modelare SysML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 2.4. Sumar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

II Tehnologia Java pentru dezvoltarea sistemelor ˆın timp-real 113 Capitolul 3 Limbajul de programare Java

115

3.1. Scurtˇa introducere ˆın Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 3.1.1. Tipuri de date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 3.2. Clase ¸si obiecte Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 3.3. Crearea obiectelor Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 3.4. Variabile statice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

CUPRINS

iii

3.5. Definirea metodelor statice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 3.6. Distrugerea obiectelor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 3.7. Subclase ¸si mo¸stenire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 3.8. Superclase, clasa Object ¸si ierarhii de clase . . . . . . . . . . 144 3.9. Interfet¸e ˆın Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 3.10. Clase derivate. Constructori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 3.11. Variabile ”ascunse” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 3.12. Supradefinirea metodelor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 3.13. Atribute de modificare a vizibilitˇa¸tii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 3.14. Tratarea except¸iilor ˆın Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 3.15. Tehnologia Java ¸si ”timpul real” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 3.16. Sumar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Capitolul 4 Mecanisme concurent¸iale ˆın Java

177

4.1. Fire de execut¸ie ˆın Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 4.1.1. Stˇari. Planificarea firelor de execut¸ie ˆın Java . . . . . 179 4.1.2. Crearea firelor de execut¸ie ˆın Java . . . . . . . . . . . 181 4.1.3. Terminarea firelor de execut¸ie . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 4.2. Sincronizarea firelor de execut¸ie ˆın Java . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 4.3. Semafoare ˆın Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 4.3.1. Implementarea semafoarelor binare implicite ˆın Java . 200 4.3.2. Implementarea semafoarelor generalizate ˆın Java . . . 202 4.4. Planificarea pe condit¸ie de timp ˆın Java . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 4.4.1. Accesul la un ”ceas” ˆın Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 4.5. Java 5 java.util.concurrent API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 4.6. Sumar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

iv

CUPRINS

III

Instrumente

221

Capitolul 5 Mediul de dezvoltare IBM Rational Rhapsody

223

5.1. Tipuri de diagrame ˆın Rational Rhapsody . . . . . . . . . . 224 5.1.1. Diagrama cazurilor de utilizare . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 5.1.2. Diagrama modelului de obiecte . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 5.1.3. Diagrame de structurˇa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 5.1.4. Diagrama de componente

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

5.1.5. Diagrama de implementare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 5.1.6. Diagrama de stˇari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 5.1.7. Diagrame de activitˇa¸ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 5.1.8. Diagrama de secvent¸e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 5.1.9. Diagrama de colaborare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 5.2. Proprietˇa¸ti generale Rational Rhapsody . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 5.3. Perspective grafice ˆın Rational Rhapsody . . . . . . . . . . . 257 5.3.1. Perspectiva modelului de analizˇa . . . . . . . . . . . 257 5.3.2. Perspectiva modelului de obiecte . . . . . . . . . . . 259 5.3.3. Perspectiva modelului de stˇari . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 5.3.4. Perspectiva modelului de implementare . . . . . . . . 259 5.3.5. Perspectiva de animat¸ie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 5.4. IBM Rational Rhapsody 7.5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 5.5. Sumar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Capitolul 6 Studiu de caz

267

6.1. Introducere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 6.2. Dezvoltarea pe bazˇa de model a tehnologiilor asistive mobile 276 6.2.1. Specificarea cerint¸elor pentru un sistem TAM . . . . 276 6.2.2. Perspectiva de proiectare pe domeniu pentru sisteme TAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 6.2.3. Analiza funct¸ionˇarii sistemului TAM . . . . . . . . . 283 6.2.4. Testarea comportamentului sistemului TAM . . . . . 289

CUPRINS

v

6.2.5. Autonomia sistemului TAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 6.2.6. Ret¸ele neuronale artificiale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 6.2.7. Algoritmi de conducere pentru sistemul TAM . . . . 306 6.3. Sumar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

IV

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