ABSTRACT. This study investigated seed germination of seven endemic, rare, and threatened aromatic plants of Cyprus, belonging to the Lamiaceae family.
Israel Journal of Plant Sciences
Vol. 58
2010
pp. 251–261
DOI: 10.1560/IJPS.58.3-4.251
Seed germination and conservation of endemic, rare, and threatened aromatic plants of Cyprus COSTAS KADIS,a,* CONSTANTINOS KOUNNAMAS,a AND KYRIACOS GEORGHIOUb Nature Conservation Unit, Frederick University, P.O. Box 24729, 1303 Nicosia, Cyprus b Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
a
(Received August 31, 2009; accepted in revised form December 8, 2009)
ABSTRACT 7KLV VWXG\ LQYHVWLJDWHG VHHG JHUPLQDWLRQ RI VHYHQ HQGHPLF UDUH DQG WKUHDWHQHG DURPDWLFSODQWVRI&\SUXVEHORQJLQJWRWKH/DPLDFHDHIDPLO\ 7KHPDMRULW\RIWKH VHHGVIRUPRVWRIWKHVWXGLHGWD[DDUHQRQGRUPDQW6HHGVRIMicromeria cypria, Salvia veneris, and Teucrium divaricatm ssp. canescensJHUPLQDWHLQDQDUURZUDQJH RIFRROWHPSHUDWXUHV²& DQGDWDVORZUDWH7KHVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDUHFRPPRQLQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQVSHFLHVDQGIDYRUJHUPLQDWLRQDIWHUWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHUDLQ\ season. Salvia willeana and Nepeta troodi, WZRVSHFLHVJURZLQJDWKLJKDOWLWXGHV JHUPLQDWHDWHYHQORZHUWHPSHUDWXUHVDQGZLWKDFRQVLGHUDEO\ORZHUJHUPLQDWLRQ rate. In both species, treatment with GA3LVHIIHFWLYHLQHQKDQFLQJJHUPLQDWLRQDW XQIDYRUDEOHWHPSHUDWXUHVZKLOHFKLOOLQJLVHIIHFWLYHRQO\IRUS. willeana. Sideritis cypriaVHHGVJHUPLQDWHSURPSWO\DWDUHODWLYHO\ZLGHUWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJH²& *HUPLQDELOLW\ LQ Teucrium divaricatum ssp. canescens FDQ EH HQKDQFHG E\ WUHDWments with nitrates, GA3DQGOLJKW7KHGLIIHUHQWJHUPLQDWLRQEHKDYLRUVGHWHFWHG DUHGLVFXVVHGLQUHODWLRQWRWKHVXUYLYDOVWUDWHJ\RIHDFKVSHFLHV7KHGDWDSUHVHQWHG LQWKLVSDSHUSURYLGHXVHIXOLQIRUPDWLRQIRUWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRIWKHVHHQGHPLFUDUH DQGWKUHDWHQHGDURPDWLFWD[DRI&\SUXV Keywords DURPDWLF SODQWV &\SUXV HQGHPLF SODQWV VHHG JHUPLQDWLRQ SODQW FRQVHUYDWLRQ
INTRODUCTION
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((& ² &RXQFLO RI WKH (XURSHDQ &RPPXQLWLHV ZKLFKLQFOXGHVWKHWKUHDWHQHGDQLPDODQGSODQW VSHFLHVRI(XURSHDQ8QLRQLQWHUHVWZKRVHFRQVHUYDWLRQ UHTXLUHV WKH GHVLJQDWLRQ RI VSHFLDO DUHDV RI FRQVHUYDWLRQ)LQDOO\HLJKWDURPDWLFSODQWVRI&\SUXVDUHLQFOXGHGLQ$QQH[,RIWKH&RQYHQWLRQRQWKH&RQVHUYDWLRQRI (XURSHDQ:LOGOLIHDQG1DWXUDO+DELWDWV%HUQ&RQYHQWLRQ³&RXQFLORI(XURSH DQGDUHFKDUDFWHUL]HGDV 6WULFWO\3URWHFWHG 7KLVSDSHUIRFXVHVRQWKHLQYHVWLJDWLRQRIVHHGJHUPLQDWLRQDQGFRQVHUYDWLRQRIVHYHQHQGHPLFUDUHDQG WKUHDWHQHGDURPDWLFSODQWVRI&\SUXV7DEOH, $ EULHI GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH WDUJHWHG WD[D DQG WKHLU SURSHUWLHV LV SURYLGHG EHORZ EDVHG RQ LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP0HLNOH 7VLQWLGHVHWDO DQG+DGMLN\ULDNRX Micromeria cypria .RWVFK\L LV D VSUHDGLQJ PXFK EUDQFKHG VXEVKUXE XS WR FP KLJK ,W LV FRQÀQHG WR WKH 3HQGDGDNW\ORV PRXQWDLQ UDQJH DW DOWLWXGHV RI ²P7KHÁRZHULQJVKRRWVRIWKLVVSHFLHVJLYHD IDLQWVPHOOZKHQFUXVKHG+RZHYHUQRLQIRUPDWLRQKDV EHHQWUDFHGUHIHUULQJWRDQ\XVHRIWKHSODQW Nepeta troodi +ROPERH LV DQ HUHFW RFFDVLRQDOO\ VSUHDGLQJSHUHQQLDO²FPKLJK7KHVSHFLÀFHSLWKHW RIWKLVSODQWGHULYHVIURP7URRGRVWKHFHQWUDOPRXQWDLQ UDQJH RI &\SUXV ZKHUH WKH VSHFLHV LV FRQÀQHG DOW ²P ,WLVRFFDVLRQDOO\XVHGE\UHVLGHQWVRIWKH 7URRGRVYLOODJHVIRUPDNLQJDKRWGULQN Salvia willeana +ROPERH +HGJHLVDVWURQJO\DURPDWLFVXEVKUXEXSWRFPKLJK,WLVFRQÀQHGWRWKH FHQWUDO7URRGRVDUHDDWDOWLWXGHVRI²P7KH OHDYHVRIWKLVSODQWDUHVWURQJO\DURPDWLFDQGDUHXVHGE\ WKHORFDOSRSXODWLRQIRUPDNLQJDKRWGULQN Salvia veneris +HGJH LV DQ HUHFW SHUHQQLDO KHUE ²FPKLJK7KHVSHFLÀFHSLWKHWGHULYHVIURP9HQXV WKH/DWLQHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHDQFLHQW*UHHNJRGGHVV$SKURGLWHDOOXGLQJWRLWVRFFXUUHQFHLQ&\SUXVWKHLVODQG RI WKH JRGGHVV 7KH VSHFLHV LV FRQÀQHG WR DQ DUHD RI
NPLQWKHVRXWKHUQIRRWKLOOVRI3HQGDGDNW\ORVUDQJH ZKHUH LW FDQ EH IRXQG LQ ÀYH ORFDWLRQV DW DOWLWXGHV RI ²P7KHHQWLUHSRSXODWLRQRIWKHVSHFLHVFRPSULVHVLQGLYLGXDOV Sideritis cypria 3RVW LV D YHU\ UDUH VXEVKUXE XS WR FP KLJK 7KH VSHFLHV SRSXODWLRQ FRQVLVWV RI DERXW LQGLYLGXDOV WKDW FDQ EH IRXQG LQ VHYHQ ORFDWLRQV DORQJ WKH 3HQGDGDNW\ORV UDQJH DW DOWLWXGHV RI ² P$OWKRXJK WKH ÁRZHUV KDYH D VPHOO RI KRSV RU YLQHJDUZKHQEUXLVHGWKHUHLVQRHYLGHQFHRIDQ\XVH RIWKHSODQW Teucrium kyreniae 3+'DYLV +DGMLN +DQGis a VXEVKUXEXSWRFPKLJKIUHTXHQWO\IRUPLQJGRPHG FXVKLRQV,WLVFRQÀQHGWRWKH3HQGDGDNW\ORVUDQJHDW DOWLWXGHV RI ² P ,W LV FODVVLÀHG DV D FKDVPR SK\WH VLQFH LW JURZV FKLHÁ\ LQ FUHYLFHV RI OLPHVWRQH FOLIIV DQG URFNV$OWKRXJK WKH VSHFLHV LV VWURQJO\ DURPDWLFQRHYLGHQFHRULQIRUPDWLRQKDVEHHQWUDFHGFRQFHUQLQJLWVXWLOL]DWLRQE\WKH&\SULRWV Teucrium divaricatum 6LHEHU H[ +HOGUHLFK VVS canescens &HODN +ROPERH LV DQ HUHFW VXEVKUXE XS WR FP LQ KHLJKW ,W LV ORFDOO\ FRPPRQ JURZLQJ DW ORZDQGPHGLXPDOWLWXGHV²P 1RLQIRUPDWLRQ H[LVWVUHJDUGLQJWKHXWLOL]DWLRQRIWKLVVOLJKWO\DURPDWLF SODQWE\WKHORFDOSHRSOHRI&\SUXV 'HVSLWHWKHLPSRUWDQFHDQGUDULW\RIWKHVHSODQWVQR DGHTXDWHGDWDH[LVWRQDQ\DVSHFWRIWKHLUELRORJ\7KH RQO\ DYDLODEOH LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ WKH OLWHUDWXUH FRQFHUQV WKHLU WD[RQRP\ DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ VWDWXV HJ 0HLNOH 3DQWHODV HW DO 7VLQWLGHV DQG .RXUWHOODULGHV 7VLQWLGHV HW DO 0RQWPROOLQ DQG 6WUDKP +DGMLN\ULDNRX DQG +DQG ZKLOH VFDUFH LQIRUPDWLRQ H[LVWV RQ WKH HVVHQWLDO RLOV %HOORPDULD HW DO IRU Salvia willeana) and the DQDWRPLFDODQGSK\WRFKHPLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIFHUWDLQ VSHFLHV 'H /D 7RUUH HW DO., $UQROG DQG %HOORPDULD IRU Salvia willeana$UQROG HW DO IRUNepeta troodi).
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Local endemic
Conservation status IUCN WORLD, Cyprus 1998; {Montmollin Red Data and Strahm, 2005}* Book
Micromeria cypria Nepeta troodi Salvia veneris Salvia willeana Sideritis cypria Teucrium divaricatum ssp. canescens Teucrium kyreniae
Pendadaktylos Troodos Pendadaktylos Troodos Pendadaktylos Widespread 3HQGDGDNW\ORV
*R—rare, CR—Critically endangered, nt—not threatened. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 58
2010
— R R{CR} R R nt —
— — Vulnerable — Endangered — /HDVW&RQFHUQ
Protection status 92/43/EEC Dir., Annex II
Bern Convention Annex I
— — Yes — Yes — —
— — Yes — Yes — —
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7DEOH 3URYHQDQFHDQGPHDQPDVVRIWKHVHHGVXVHGLQWKHJHUPLQDWLRQH[SHULPHQWV Taxon Provenance Altitude (m) Seed mass (mg ± SE) Micromeria cypria Halefka 650 0.02 ± 0.001 Nepeta troodi Troodos 1500 0.38 ± 0.005 Salvia veneris Kythrea 205 1.69 ± 0.034 Salvia willeana Almyrolivado 1600 7.23 ± 0.104 Sideritis cypria Saint Hilarion 632 1.00 ± 0.009 Teucrium divaricatum ssp. canescens Saitas 750 1.07 ± 0.067 Teucrium kyreniae /DUQDNDV/DSLWKRX
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Micromeria cypria
73
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Nepeta troodi
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Salvia veneris
73
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Salvia willeana
73
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Sideritis cypria
73
³
Teucrium divaricatum ssp. canescens 73
.12P0 *$ SSP 5HG/LJKW
Teucrium kyreniae
³
73
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