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Procedia Manufacturing 22 (2018) 172–179 Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2017) 000–000
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia 11th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering, INTER-ENG 2017, 5-6 October 2017, Tirgu-Mures, Romania 11th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering, INTER-ENG 2017, 5-6 October 2017, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
Selection of machining parameters with AndroidEngineering application usingConference MIT App Inventor bookmarks Selection of machining parameters Manufacturing Societymade International 2017, MESIC 2017, 28-30 June 2017, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain with Android application made using MIT App Inventor bookmarks Tadeusz Mikolajczyka, *, Hu Fuwenb, Liviu Moldovanc, Andres Bustillod, Maciej P
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a c“Petru Maior” University, 1 Nicolae Iorga street, 540088 Tirgu Mures, Romania UTP Universuty of Science and Technology, 7 Kaliskiego, 85796 Bydgoszcz, Poland d a of Burgos, a,* Road, b Beijing, China University Avda Cantabria s/n,Shijingshan 09006b Burgos, Spain North China University of Technology, 5 Jinyuanzhuang District,100144 c “Petru Maior” University, 1 Nicolae Iorga street, 540088 Tirgu Mures, Romania d a University of Burgos, Avda4800-058 Cantabria s/n, 09006Portugal Burgos, Spain University of Minho, Guimarães, b Unochapecó, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil P
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Abstract Undoubtedly mobile devices are gaining more and more popularity. However, the breakthrough in mobile applications is yet to Abstract be followed by a breakthrough in manufacturing industry. The paper presents a new methodology for application development on Undoubtedly mobile devices gaining more and more popularity. However, breakthrough in mobile yet to the Android platform in MITare App Inventor bookmarks. The research method the consists in an algorithm andapplications applicationisdesign. be followed a breakthrough in manufacturing industry. The paper presents a new forselection application development on Also it was presented an example of 4.0", an elaborate program SpeedCalc for be the lathemethodology spindle speed forinterconnected, the determined Under the by concept of "Industry production processes will pushed to be increasingly the Android platform MIT bookmarks. The research method consists inthis an algorithm and application value of cutting speedonin arelation to Inventor the diameter of the work piece. The program can beIn used with a mobile phone oroptimization tablet.design. information based realApp time basis and, necessarily, much more efficient. context, capacity Also beyond it was presented an example of capacity an elaborate program SpeedCalc for thealso lathe speed selection for the and determined goes the traditional aim of maximization, contributing forspindle organization’s profitability value. value ofThe cutting speedPublished in relationby to Elsevier the diameter of the work piece. The program can be used with a mobile phone or tablet. © 2018 Authors. B.V. Indeed, lean management and continuous improvement approaches suggest capacity optimization instead of Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee the 11thmodels International in deserves maximization. The study of capacity optimization andofcosting is anConference important Interdisciplinarity research topic that © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Engineering. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 11th International Conference Interdisciplinarity contributions from both the practical and theoretical perspectives. This paper presents and discussesina Engineering. mathematical Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 11th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in model for capacity management based on different costing models (ABC and TDABC). A generic model has been Engineering. Keywords: Android; MIT inventor; machining parameters; mobile application.
developed and it was used to analyze idle capacity and to design strategies towards the maximization of organization’s value. The trade-off capacitymachining maximization vsmobile operational efficiency is highlighted and it is shown that capacity Keywords: Android; MIT inventor; parameters; application. optimization might hide operational inefficiency. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Manufacturing Engineering Society International Conference 2017. Keywords: Cost Models; ABC; TDABC; Capacity Management; Idle Capacity; Operational Efficiency
* Corresponding author. tel.: +48-52-340-8736; fax: +48-52-340-8245. 1.E-mail Introduction address:
[email protected] * Corresponding author. tel.: +48-52-340-8736; fax: +48-52-340-8245. The cost of idle capacity is a fundamental for companies and their management of extreme importance E-mail address:
[email protected] 2351-9789 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier information B.V. Peer-review responsibility of theIn scientific committee of the 11th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering. in modern under production systems. general, it is defined as unused capacity or production potential and can be measured 2351-9789 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.hours of manufacturing, etc. The management of the idle capacity in several©ways: tons of production, available Peer-review underTel.: responsibility the761; scientific committee the 11th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering. * Paulo Afonso. +351 253of 510 fax: +351 253 604of741 E-mail address:
[email protected]
2351-9789 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Manufacturing Engineering Society International Conference 2017. 2351-9789 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 11th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering. 10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.027
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1. Introduction Undoubtedly we are living in the internet era and especially the mobile internet around us makes the world inseparable. As a matter of fact, the internet are reconstructing traditional industries as well as improving people's livelihoods. This trend is irresistible, which also is called “Internet Plus”. Mobile devices are gaining more and more popularity each year. Thanks to the advancement of technology and miniaturization, new devices introduced to the market combine high computing power and small dimensions. Mobile phones in the form of smartphones created with the intention of wireless communication today play a much wider role. Equipped with cameras, GPS receivers, accelerometers, Wi-Fi receivers have become multifunction devices capable of replacing a standard personal computer in many ways [1]. The Android operating system currently dominates the mobile operating system [2]. It is also available on tablets, devices of larger dimensions and often larger capacities [3]. The application market for these devices is constantly expanding. Available applications allow one to solve many unconventional issues using remarkably unusual capabilities such as voice recognition [2]. These applications also use other sensors as a camera for image recognition or 3D position sensors. Special applications dedicated to mobile devices can be found in many areas such as mechanics, material identification, ease of selection of machining parameters, remote control of machines or processes. One of the possibilities of enriching this type of device with its own programs is MIT App Inventor [4,5], a web application developed by Google and currently developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. App Inventor is based on drag-and-drop programming in a graphical environment, both during dialog design and application coding. More and more researchers are promoting their work using the mobile internet concepts. For example, Elrefaei et al. [6] developed an Android application to detect objects in images from smartphones based on its color, shape, or local features. Agarwal [7] with his coworkers presented an android application Dr. Eye, which can measure the vision acuity of a person using front camera and speech to text conversion and also can recommend nearby eye care hospitals or ophthalmologists for proper treatment. Hegde et al. [8] had developed an activity monitor Android application – SmartStep that captures need data wirelessly over Bluetooth Low energy (BLE), computes features on the received data, runs activity classification algorithms and provides real time feedback. Standl [9] described a computational thinking problem solving process which helps K-12 students to develop mobile applications using the MIT App Inventor. Varga [10] proposed an Android application by using MIT App Inventor 2 for controlling of Robosoccer robots via Bluetooth interface. Unfortunately, up to now, the use of MIT App Inventor to create Apps of industrial interest in the manufacturing industry has not being stated. Although there is a clear industrial interest in increasing the connectivity of machines and improve their reliability using continuous monitoring of manufacturing indicators and use of decision-making tools based in artificial intelligence techniques, the so called Industry 4.0, the companies are not open to expand their knowledge in the manufacturing community, a fear strongly connected with the new distribution channels of mobile software like Google Play platform. In this paper we present a methodology for application development using the MIT App Inventor bookmarks. Also it is presented an example of a special software for the lathe spindle speed selection for determined value of the cutting speed in relation to the workpiece diameter. The program can be used with a mobile phone or tablet. Nomenclature Vc nt n mt 1..14]
cutting speed [m/min] theoretical speed of spindle [ rpm] table of all speed of spindle [rpm]
Dc n Ct
diameter [mm] speed of spindle [rpm] Counter [number]
2. MIT App Inventor bookmarks Creating programs for Android requires installing Java. It can be downloaded from the Free Java source [11]. Because of frequent changes to this target software, it is regularly updated. After installing Java, run MIT App Inventor [5]. The application will ask for authorization in your Google account. Optionally, you can memorize a 30
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day permit. After logging in, press New, enter the name of the application and confirm with OK. The image will be as shown in Figure 1. The main panel shown in Figure 1 contains the most important buttons and MIT App Inventer bookmarks: • Control buttons (1) - Bar with Save, Save As, Checkpoint, Add Screen, Delete Screen, Open Block Editor (about that later), and Phone Bundle; • Palette (2) - toolbox. Here one can choose what elements wants to use in the project and then drag them to the preview screen. It is divided into several groups of elements (basic, media, animation, social, sensor, screen layout, LEGO MINDSTORMS, other); • Viewer (3) - Application preview screen; • Block designer (4) - Tree used items. One can change their name (identifier) or remove the buttons at the bottom; • Media (5) - Media management. This tab allows to manage multimedia content in the application (uploading images, music, movies); • Properties (6) - Property screen. It is used to customize the appearance of selected items.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(6)
(5)
Fig. 1. View of the MIT App Inventor main panel.
Building a program interface is very easy and involves moving selected objects into the mold area and visually determining the location and dimensions. For the program not only to look but also to work it should be cryptic. To do this, click on the Open the Block Editor button, which sends a download file (this is where the action comes in Java). When opened the first time run the block editor, than the program asks for a path to the Command directory. So download the program installer for the system on the computer with [5]. The installation copies the path to which the program is installed and pastes it into the Block Editor panel. At the end it is seen the view in Figure 2.
Fig. 2. View of the MIT App Inventor Block Editor.
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In order to build algorithms in this program, on the left side there is a window with functions divided into 3 tabs: • Built-in functions, • Special functions related to objects used in the program interface, • Groups of elements used in the project. Embedded functions are independent of the elements used in the project. These include, for example, mathematical, logical, etc. functions. In the second tab are placed functions that are related to the elements used in the project. Their names correspond to the identifiers in the visual editor. In the third tab, similar to the second, there are groups of elements used in the project. Algorithms are built by dragging selected functions into the design area to the right. This is quite curiously solved, because the functions are in the form of jigsaw puzzles, so it can be combined only the matching ends. 3. Android application 3.1. Selecting parameters of cutting The presented mobile application is a concept for solving the problem of selecting parameters in machining. One of the basic parameters which determine the course of the cutting process is the cutting speed. The value of this parameter depends on the type of work piece and cutting edge [12, 13]. The optimal values for this parameter are given in the tool manufacturer directories. Moving these recommendations to the machining process requires setting the spindle speed value. The program presents a program for determining this value for the initial values, which are: cutting speed and the diameter of the work surface. The application is based on relation for calculation of cutting speed (m/min):
Vc =
Dc × π × n 1000
(1)
After conversion (1), one can determine the rotation speed of the spindle lathe (rpm):
n=
Vc × 1000 π × Dc
(2)
Parameter selection is performed for the speed range implemented in the machine tool application. By comparing the calculated spindle speed of the lathe with successive speed ranges, the algorithm selects the correct spindle speed. The algorithm in Fig. 3 represents the operational principle of the application in simplified form. The algorithm presented in the loop compares the calculated theoretical speed value according to formula (2) for the input data: the surface diameter of the work piece and the set value of the cutting speed available on the machine. Due to the significant impact of cutting speed on wear and edge life [6,7], the program selected a setting value speed less than or equal to the theoretical value calculated with formula (2). Of course, it is possible to use a different algorithm setting that allows, in some cases, a slight increase in the cutting speed by selecting a rotational speed greater than the theoretical value. 3.2. Application interface Based on the presented algorithm, an application for the Android environment was developed using the MIT App Inventor bookmarks. Figure 4 shows a view of the SpeedCalc software interface developed by using the components. It is built from labels of text boxes and a control button. It allows entering data and shows the result of the program. It implements the following stages in succession:
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• screen initialization, • definition of variables, • list / table definition, • checking if the required fields have been entered, • calculation of the set value, checking whether the data are different from 0, • comparing the results for calculations of the lathe spindle speed and finding the corresponding speed.
START
Data of process Vc , Dc
Data of machine tool and settings nmt [1..14]=[125........1600] n=0 Ct=1 nt=(1000*Vc)/(3.14*Dc)
No
nt>=nmt[Ct]
Yes
nt
