Software Productivity Measurement Using Multiple Size Measures
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Software Productivity Measurement Using Multiple Size Measures
Introduction |Productivity - Simple ratio of product size to project effort - Broadly used to benchmarking - Difficult to measure No standard model for aggregating these measure Productivity =
Amount of output Unit of input used
Software Engineering Lab, KAIST
3/20
Background |Research trend - Common assumptions Size must be related to effort Reused components should not be included
- Productivity measure method Used single size measures • FP, SLOC, System Meter, Magnitude, Use Case Point • Standard size/effort ratio
Approach on multidimensional size measure
Software Engineering Lab, KAIST
4/20
Related work (1/4) |Reifer’s work [IEEE SOFTWARE, 2000] - Estimating quick-to-market software - Size of web application Using Halstead’s equation V* = Nlog2(n) = (N1* + N2*) log2 (n1* + n2*)
distinct number
Volume Volume total number Software Engineering Lab, KAIST
5/20
Related work (2/4) |Reifer’s work (cont’d) - Web based predictors of size
Software Engineering Lab, KAIST
6/20
Related work (3/4) |Stensrud and Myrtveit’s work [TSE’03] - Identifying high performance ERP projects Productivity is an indicator The smallest project is always the most productive
- Relative measure Variable returns to scale (VRS) P=
y x
x=
1 P
y
B
P: productivity x: effort y: FP or SLOC B > 1 (COCOMO)
Software Engineering Lab, KAIST
Effort = a × Size b 7/20
Related work (4/4) |Stensrud and Myrtveit’s work (cont’d) increasing return to scale (small project) decreasing return to scale (large project) constant return to scale (medium project)
Software Engineering Lab, KAIST
8/20
Motivation |Mendes’s work [METRICS’03] - Early web size measures and effort prediction for web costimation (133 companies) From Tukutuku database Company-specific dataset Multi-company dataset
Case-based reasoning
best?
Stepwise regression
Software Engineering Lab, KAIST
9/20
Measurement model (1/3) |Considerations - Finding elements related to efforts Web Web pages pages
High High effort effort functions functions
New New images images
- Combinations of size measures Multiplicative parameters (non-linear)
- Obtaining the total effort Person-hours • No information about the proportion of total effort spent constructing new elements and the proportion of total effort spent on reused elements
Software Engineering Lab, KAIST
10/20
Measurement model (2/3) |Assumptions - Effort is related to several different size measure - Size-based effort estimation model The expected value of productivity is one A value greater than one is indicative of good productivity (Expected effort)
Software Engineering Lab, KAIST
11/20
Measurement model (3/3) |Assumptions (cont’d) - Economies and diseconomies of scale should be account for
