Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2013) xxx, xxx–xxx
King Saud University
Arabian Journal of Chemistry www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Stability indicating method development and validation of assay method for the estimation of rizatriptan benzoate in tablet Chandrashekhar K. Gadewar *, Yogendrakumar Sahu, A.V. Chandewar, Pankaj Baghel, Devendra Kushwaha P.W. College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal 445001, India Received 27 April 2012; accepted 20 July 2013
KEYWORDS Rizatriptan; Rizatriptan benzoate; Method development; Validation; Forced degradation
Abstract A simple, sensitive, precise and specific high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of rizatriptan in rizatriptan benzoate tablet. The separation was carried out by using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: pH 3.4 phosphate buffer in ratio of 20:80. The column used was Zorbax SB CN 250 mm · 4.6 mm, 5 l with a flow rate of 1 ml/min using UV detection at 225 nm. The retention time of rizatriptan and benzoic acid was found to be 4.751 and 8.348 min respectively. A forced degradation study of rizatriptan benzoate in its tablet form was conducted under the condition of hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal and photolysis. Rizatriptan was found to be stable in basic buffer while in acidic buffer was found to be degraded (water bath at 60 C for 15 min). The detector response of rizatriptan is directly proportional to concentration ranging from 30% to 160% of test concentration i.e. 15.032 to 80.172 mcg/ ml. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies (mean recovery = 99.44). The result of the study showed that the proposed method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which is useful for the routine determination of rizatriptan in pharmaceutical dosage forms. ª 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
1. Introduction * Corresponding author. Address: P.W. College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dhamangaon road, Yavatmal, 445001 Maharashtra, India. Tel.: +91 07232245847, mobile: +91 09421852101. E-mail address:
[email protected] (C.K. Gadewar). Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University.
Production and hosting by Elsevier
Rizatriptan benzoate is N,N-dimethyl-2-[5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethanamine. It is an anti migraine drug, which selectively activates 5-HT1B/1D receptors. Physical properties are white to off white crystalline powder, soluble in water, melting point 178–180, and stable under ordinary condition. So far, no method has been reported for the estimation of rizatriptan in rizatriptan benzoate, hence I attempted to develop a simple, accurate economical and analytical method. A study of forced degradation of rizatriptan was also reported.
1878-5352 ª 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.036
Please cite this article in press as: Gadewar, C.K. et al., Stability indicating method development and validation of assay method for the estimation of rizatriptan benzoate in tablet. Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.036
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C.K. Gadewar et al. Table 1
Linearity.
Spike level in % Concentration of rizatriptan in mcg/ml Peak areas 30 50 80 100 120 140 160 Slope y-intercept r-value RSS
15.032 25.054 40.086 50.108 60.129 70.151 80.172 82660 40355 0.99998 699915125
1281515 2105110 3354257 4181675 5032026 5839565 6653218
Figure 3
This paper describes validated HPLC for the estimation of rizatriptan using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: pH 3.4 phosphate buffer in ratio of 80:20. The column used was CN 250 mm · 4.6 mm, 5 l with a flow rate of 1 ml/min using UV detection at 225 nm. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Equipment HPLC equipped with a pump, injector and PDA detector Waters 2695, 2996, HPLC equipped with a pump, injector and UV detector, Waters 2695, 2487, HPLC equipped with a pump, injector and UV detector, Agilent 1200 series, Bal-
Figure 1
Rizatriptan benzoate.
Figure 2
Linearity plot for rizatriptan.
ance-Sartorius, Mettler Toledo, Photo stability chamber-Newtronic, Oven-Skan. 2.2. Materials Rizatriptan benzoate standard (Alkem), tablets were procured from a local market. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Merck), Acetonitrile (Merck) Orthophosphoric acid (Merck), Milli Q water, Hydrogen (Merck) Hydrochloric acid (Merck), Sodium hydroxide (Merck), and Column Zorbax SB CN 250 · 4.6 mm, 5 l. Preparation of 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.4: Dissolve 2.7218 g of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate into 2000 ml water, mix and adjust the pH at 3.4 with orthophosphoric acid solution (Mix 10 ml orthophsophoric acid (88%) into 100 ml water), filter through a 0.45 l nylon filter, mix and degas. Preparation of mobile phase. Mix the above buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 80:20, and degas. Use suitable high performance liquid chromatography equipped with the following. Column: Zorbax SB CN 250 · 4.6 mm, 5 l. Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min
HPLC Chromatogram of standard.
Please cite this article in press as: Gadewar, C.K. et al., Stability indicating method development and validation of assay method for the estimation of rizatriptan benzoate in tablet. Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.036
Stability indicating method development and validation of assay method for the estimation
Figure 4
Table 2
3
Purity plot of control sample.
Accuracy.
Level no./spike level in %
Actual Amount of rizatriptan added in mg
Amount of Rizatriptan found in mg
% Recovery
50 100 150 Over all % RSD
4.94 10.00 14.99
4.92 9.95 14.81
99.66 99.49 98.79 0.28
Wavelength: 225 nm Injection volume: 10 ll Column oven temperature: 25 C Sample compartment temp: 25 C Run time: 12 min Diluent: mobile phase Preparation of standard Solution: Weigh and transfer accurately about 73 mg (equivalent to 50 mg of rizatriptan) of rizatriptan benzoate working standard into a 100 ml volumetric flask. Dissolve and dilute to the required volume with diluent. Further dilute 5 ml of the above standard solution to 50 ml with diluent. Preparation of sample solution for 10 mg: Weigh and transfer five tablets into a 250 ml volumetric flask. Add 180 ml of diluent shake well and sonicate for 15 min with intermittent shaking and dilute to the required volume with diluent. Filter the required amount of solution through a 0.45 l PVDF/nylon filter. Further dilute 5 ml of the above standard solution to 20 ml with diluent. Procedure: Separately inject 10 ll of blank, standard solution (five replicate injections) and sample solution into the chromatographic system. Record the chromatograms and measure the peak area count for rizatriptan peak. The retention time of rizatriptan peak is about 5 min. Disregard the peak area count of benzoic acid at the retention time of about 9.2 min (RRT about 1.9).
Evaluation of system suitability: From standard solution: (1) The % RSD for the peak areas of rizatriptan from five replicate injections should not be more than 2.0. (2) The tailing factor for rizatriptan should be not more than 2.0.
3. Validation method 3.1. Linearity The linearity of rizatriptan was performed using the standard solution in the range of 15.032–80.172 mcg/ml (about 30– 160% of test concentration). A graph was plotted with concentration (in mcg/ml) on x-axis and peak areas of rizatriptan on y-axis. Slope, y-intercept, correlation coefficient (r-value) and residual sum of squares (RSS) were determined Fig. 3. The results are tabulated in Table 1:(See Figs. 1, 2 and 4) 3.2. Accuracy A known amount of rizatriptan benzoate API working standard was spiked to 50%, 100% and 150% in 10 mg tablets uniformity of dosage units test concentration. The amount of rizatriptan was quantified as per the test method. The %
Please cite this article in press as: Gadewar, C.K. et al., Stability indicating method development and validation of assay method for the estimation of rizatriptan benzoate in tablet. Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.036
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C.K. Gadewar et al. Table 3
Robustness.
S. No.
I (20 C)
II (30 C)
III (0.9 ml)
V (1.1 ml)
V (223 nm)
VI (227 nm)
VII
VIII
IX (3.5 pH)
X (3.3 pH)
1 2 3 %RSD
101.70 101.97 101.14 0.61
101.06 100.92 102.86 0.78
100.41 100.82 101.00 0.51
102.12 101.58 101.42 0.63
100.31 100.07 101.66 0.65
100.48 100.16 101.71 0.63
100.30 100.77 99.33 0.73
100.51 100.57 98.74 0.87
100.85 101.31 100.48 0.52
101.51 101.45 101.20 0.53
Table 4
Forced Degradation.
Condition
% Assay
% Degradation
Untreated sample Acid-treated sample Base-treated sample Peroxide-treated sample Heat-treated sample UV–visible treated sample
98.11 93.99 95.35 95.21 99.53 96.41
– 4.20 2.81 2.96 # 1.73
By changing the flow rate by ±10%, by changing the temperature by ±5 C, by changing the wavelength by ±2 nm, by changing the organic content by ±2% (absolute), and by changing the pH of buffer in mobile phase by ±0.1 units. The results are tabulated in Table 3. 4. Forced degradation Forced degradation study was carried out by treating the sample under the following conditions. (Table 4 and Figs. 5–9)
recovery was calculated from the amount found and the actual amount added. The results are tabulated in Table 2.
(a) Degradation by hydrochloric acid (acid treated sample)
3.3. Robustness
The sample was treated with 5 ml of 1 N hydrochloric acid and kept on a water bath at 60 C for 20 min. The treated sample solution was analyzed as per the test method.
Robustness of the method was verified by deliberately varying the following instrumental conditions.
(b) Degradation by sodium hydroxide (base treated sample)
Figure 5
HPLC chromatogram of acid treated sample.
Figure 6
HPLC chromatogram of base treated sample.
Please cite this article in press as: Gadewar, C.K. et al., Stability indicating method development and validation of assay method for the estimation of rizatriptan benzoate in tablet. Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.036
Stability indicating method development and validation of assay method for the estimation
HPLC chromatogram of peroxide treated sample.
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
5
HPLC chromatogram of heat treated sample.
HPLC chromatogram of UV visible treated sample.
The sample was treated with 5 ml of 1 N sodium hydroxide and kept on a water bath at 60 C for 15 min. The treated sample solution was analyzed as per the test method. Table 5
(c) Degradation by hydrogen peroxide (peroxide treated sample) The sample was treated with 5 ml of 50% hydrogen peroxide solution and kept on water bath at 60 C for 5 min. The treated sample solution was analyzed as per the test method.
Summary of system suitability.
Name of experiment
Tailing factor
%RSD
System precision, Method precision Ruggedness Filter paper selection study Specificity
1.4 1.3 1.08 1.15 1.3
0.13 0.27 0.10 0.03 0.18
Please cite this article in press as: Gadewar, C.K. et al., Stability indicating method development and validation of assay method for the estimation of rizatriptan benzoate in tablet. Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.036
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C.K. Gadewar et al. (d) Degradation by thermal (heat treated sample) The sample was kept in an oven at 105 C for about 30 h. The treated sample was analyzed as per the test method. (e) Degradation by UV–Visible light (UV–visible treated sample) The sample was exposed to UV light of about 200 w h/ square meter and to visible light for about 1.2 million lux hours in photo stability chamber. The treated sample was analyzed as per the test method. (See Table 5).
URLs http://www.chemspider.com/chemical-structure.4900.html http://www.waters.com/waters/ nav.htm?cid = 513188&locale = en_US http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid = b28980df-064b-4fd4-8bf3-1589987671ab#nlm34089-3 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/pres/jcs/2008/ 00000046/00000006/art00007 Sphinxsai.com/PTVOL4/pdf_vol4/PT = 12 www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/Oldfiles/54.pdf
5. Results and discussion
Acknowledgement
In order to develop an effective method for the analysis of the drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, preliminary tests were performed in order to select adequate and optimum conditions. Parameters such as detection of wavelength, ideal mobile phase and their proportions, optimum pH and concentration of standard solution were studied. The method was developed with Column Zorbax SB CN 250 · 4.6 mm, 5 l using flow rate: 1.0 ml/min, wavelength 225 nm at room temperature. The linearity of rizatriptan was performed using the standard solution in the range of 15.032 mcg/ml to 80.172 mcg/ml (about 30– 160% of test concentration).
The author is grateful to analytical development laboratory, Alkem R & D Mumbai (M.S.). The author is thankful to Dr. A. V. Chandewar Principal and Mr. C. K. Gadewar Asst. Professor, Diwani sir lecturer, Devendra and Pankaj Singh colleagues, P. Wadhwani College of pharmacy, Yeotmal (M. S.).
6. Conclusion The HPLC method for the assay of rizatriptan in rizatriptan benzoate tablet was found to be simple, precise, accurate, rapid and validated. The mobile phase is simple to prepare and economical. The sample recoveries in formulation were in good agreement with their label claim. Hence it can be easily and conveniently adopted for a routine analysis of rizatriptan in tablet.
Further reading Kirkland, J.J., Snyder, L.R., 1997. practical HPLC method development. Wiley inter science publication, Newyork, pp. 686–772. USP NF, The official Compendia of Standards, 2009, 1, 734. Beckett, A.S., Stanlake, J.B., 1997. Practical Pharmaceutical chemistry, 4th ed. CBS Publisher and Distributor, New Delhi. Sethi, P.D., 2001. HPLC, Quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical formulation. CBS Publisher and Distributor, New Delhi. Mendham J., Denny R. C., Barnes J. D., Thomas M., Vogel’s textbook of quantitative chemical analysis, Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India.
Please cite this article in press as: Gadewar, C.K. et al., Stability indicating method development and validation of assay method for the estimation of rizatriptan benzoate in tablet. Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.036
