Supplementary Material - Semantic Scholar

Supplementary Material

Evolutionary associations of endosymbiotic ciliates shed light on the timing of the marsupial-‐placental split

Peter Vďačný Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Supplementary figures: 3 Supplementary tables: 1

FIG. S1. Trichostome phylogeny based on the 18S rRNA gene. Bootstrap values for maximum likelihood (ML) and posterior probabilities for Bayesian inference were mapped onto the best scoring ML tree. Dashes indicate bootstrap values below 50%. The scale bar indicates nine substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions.

FIG. S2. SIMMAP reconstruction of ancestral thermoregulation modes of hosts of trichostomes, based on a set of 100 randomly selected post burn-‐in trees from each run of the Bayesian analysis. Relative proportions of characters states were mapped onto the best scoring ML tree whose branching pattern is shown in detail in supplementary figure S1. Coding of characters is summarized in supplementary table S1.

Fig. S3. SIMMAP reconstruction of ancestral parts of the gastrointestinal tract of hosts of trichostomes, based on a set of 100 randomly selected post burn-‐in trees from each run of the Bayesian analysis. Relative proportions of characters states were mapped onto the best scoring ML tree whose branching pattern is shown in detail in supplementary figure S1. Coding of characters is summarized in supplementary table S1.

TABLE S1. Classification and extrinsic traits of trichostome ciliates used in phylogenetic analyses. a

Order

Family

Species/subspecies

Host

Macropodiniida Vestibuliferida Entodiniomorphida

Macropodiniidae Polycostidae Amylovoracidae Balantidiidae Isotrichidae Paraisotrichidae Pycnotrichidae Buetschliidae

Macropodinium ennuensis Macropodinium yalabense Polycosta turniae Polycosta roundi Amylovorax dogieli Amylovorax dehorityi Bandia tammar Bandia smalesae Bandia deveneyi Bandia cribbi Bitricha tasmaniensis Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni Balantidium duodeni Balantidium entozoon Balantidium polyvacuolum Balantidium coli Aviisotricha hoazini Dasytricha ruminantium Isotricha intestinalis Isotricha prostoma Paraisotricha colpoidea Paraisotricha minuta Helicozoster indicus Latteuria media Latteuria polyfaria Buxtonella sulcata Alloiozona trizona Blepharoconus hemiciliatus Bundleia benbrooki Bundleia nana Bundleia postciliata Didesmis ovalis Hemiprorodon gymnoprosthium Prorodonopsis coli

macropod marsupials macropod marsupials macropod marsupials macropod marsupials macropod marsupials macropod marsupials macropod marsupials macropod marsupials macropod marsupials macropod marsupials macropod marsupials fish amphibians amphibians fish birds, elephants, primates, pigs birds ruminants ruminants ruminants odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates elephants elephants elephants ruminants odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates

Thermoregulation b mode of host homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm poikilotherm poikilotherm poikilotherm poikilotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm

Part of c GIT foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut foregut foregut foregut foregut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut

Site of GIT

d

forestomach forestomach forestomach forestomach forestomach forestomach forestomach forestomach forestomach forestomach forestomach intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine crop rumen rumen rumen intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine

Blepharocorythidae Cycloposthiidae Ophryoscolecidae

Sulcoarcus pellucidulus Blepharocorys microcorys Blepharocorys jubata Blepharocorys curvigula Blepharocorys angusta Blepharocorys uncinata Charonina ventriculi Circodinium minimum Ochoterenaia appendiculata Raabena bella Bozasella gracilis Cycloposthium bipalmatum Cycloposthium edentatum Cycloposthium ishikawai Tripalmaria dogieli Triplumaria dvoinosi Triplumaria fulgora Triplumaria harpagonis Triplumaria selenica Triplumaria solea Triplumaria sukuna Anoplodinium denticulatum denticulatum Anoplodinium denticulatum monacanthum Diplodinium anisacanthum Diplodinium dentatum Diploplastron affine Enoploplastron triloricatum Entodinium caudatum Entodinium dubardi Entodinium longinucleatum Entodinium simplex Entodinium bursa Entodinium furca dilobum Entodinium furca monolobum Entodinium nanellum Eodinium posterovesiculatum Epidinium caudatum Epidinium ecaudatum caudatum

odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates ruminants odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates elephants elephants odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates elephants elephants elephants elephants elephants elephants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants

homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm

hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut foregut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut

intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine rumen intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen

a

Parentodiniidae Polydiniellidae Pseudoentodiniidae Spirodiniidae Troglodytellidae

Epidinium ecaudatum fasciculus Eremoplastron dilobum Eremoplastron neglectum Eremoplastron rostratum Eudiplodinium maggii Eudiplodinium rostratum Metadinium medium Metadinium minorum Ophryoscolex caudatus Ophryoscolex purkynjei Ostracodinium clipeolum Ostracodinium dentatum Ostracodinium gracile Ostracodinium rugoloricatum Ostracodinium trivesiculatum Polyplastron multivesiculatum Parentodinium sp. Polydiniella mysorea Pseudoentodinium elephantis Cochliatoxum periachtum Ditoxum funinucleum Gassovskiella galea Spirodinium equi Tetratoxum excavatum Tetratoxum parvum Tetratoxum unifasciculatum Triadinium caudatum Troglodytella abrassarti

ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants ruminants elephants elephants odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates odd-‐toed ungulates primates

homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm homoiotherm

foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut foregut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut hindgut

rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen rumen intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine intestine

Coding of hosts for reconstruction and correlation analyses: 0 – macropod marsupials; 1 – fish/amphibians; 2 – birds; 3 – elephants/odd–toed ungulates; 4 – ruminants; 5 – primates; 6 – pigs. b Coding of thermoregulation mode of hosts: 0 – poikilotherm; 1 – homoiotherm. c Coding of parts of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of hosts: 0 – foregut; 1 – hindgut. d Coding of sites of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of hosts: 0 – forestomach; 1– crop; 2 – rumen; 3 – large intestine.