The Effects on Yield and Yield Components of

53 downloads 0 Views 311KB Size Report
tip reduction (1/3, 1/6, 1/9), foliar boric acid application, yield, quality. ..... taNen to be completed were subjected to titration with 0.1 N. NaOH [24]. I. Must Yield ...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016



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ÕQ $NÕQ LV ZLWK WKH 6HOFXN 8QLYHUVLW\ $JULFXOWXUH )DFXOW\ DQG 'HSDUWPHQWRI+RUWLFXOWXUH.RQ\D7XUNH\ SKRQH ID[HPDLODDNLQ#VHOFXNHGXWU  +DUXQ dREDQ LV WKH &HODO %D\DU 8QLYHUVLW\ $NKLVDU 9RFDWLRQDO +LJK 6FKRRO0DQLVD7XUNH\ SKRQHID[HPDLO KDUXQFREDQ#ED\DUHGXWU 



International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(5) 2016

208

scholar.waset.org/1999.1/10004346

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016

International Science Index, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004346

 EHUU\ VL]H EHUU\ FRORU R%UL[ DQG IUXLW MXLFH YDOXHV DQG GHFUHDVHV LQ DFFHOHUDWLQJ WKH PDWXUDWLRQ SURFHVV DQG WKH DFLGLW\YDOXHV>@ ,W ZDV FDUULHG RXW LQ  %% URRWVWRFN JUDIWHG RQ +RUR] .DUDVÕ DQG *RN JUDSH YDULHWLHV Vitis vinifera /  GXULQJ WKH JURZWKVHDVRQ(IIHFWVRIFOXVWHUUHGXFWLRQ &5  &5  KHUEDJUHHQ +*  DQG  &5  KXPLF DFLG +$  DSSOLFDWLRQV RQ JUDSH \LHOG DQG TXDOLW\ RI FXOWLYDUV ZHUH H[DPLQHG 7KH UHVXOWV VKRZHG WKDW  &5  +$ DSSOLFDWLRQ LQFUHDVHG JUDSH \LHOG EHUU\ ZHLJKW EHUU\ UHG DQG EOXH FRORU LQWHQVLW\ YDOXHV RI +RUR] .DUDVÕ JUDSH YDULHW\ DQG  &5 DSSOLFDWLRQLQFUHDVHGJUDSH\LHOGDQGPDWXULW\LQGH[YDOXHVRI *|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itis viniferaFY6\UDKYLQH\DUG LQ$2&3HQHGHҒV 6SDLQ &OXVWHUWKLQQLQJUHGXFHGJUDSH\LHOG SHUYLQHE\DURXQGZKHUHDVEHUU\WKLQQLQJRQO\UHGXFHG LWE\DURXQG&OXVWHUWKLQQLQJDQGEHUU\WKLQQLQJJUDSHV KDGKLJKHUWLWUDWDEOHDFLGLW\FRQWHQWDQGEFRORULQWHQVLW\WKDQ FRQWURO JUDSHV %HUU\ WKLQQLQJ JUDSHV KDG KLJKHU FRORU LQWHQVLW\WKDQFRQWUROJUDSHV>@ $UHVHDUFKZDVFRQGXFWHGLQ&DQDNNDOH7XUNH\DLPLQJWR VWXG\ WKH HIIHFWV RI FOXVWHU WLSSLQJ DSSOLFDWLRQV RQ WKH \LHOG DQG TXDOLW\ RI 8VOX V. vinifera /  DQG &DUGLQDO V. vinifera /  JUDSH FXOWLYDUV :KHQ WKH EHUULHV ZHUH ± PP WKH FOXVWHUV ZHUH WLSSHG DW UG WK DQG WK RI WKH FOXVWHU OHQJWK,Q8VOXFOXVWHUOHQJWK FP FOXVWHUZLGWK FP FOXVWHU FRPSDFWQHVV ± QXPEHURIEHUULHVFOXVWHU Q EHUU\ZHLJKW J DQGWLWUDWDEOHDFLGLW\ 7$   SDUDPHWHUVZHUHDIIHFWHGE\ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQV ,Q &DUGLQDO FOXVWHU OHQJWK FP  FOXVWHU

FRPSDFWQHVV ±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µ5RWDEL =DUJKDQ¶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itis vinifera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itis vinifera / FY .DUDHULN  $ ILHOG H[SHULPHQW ZDV FRQGXFWHG IRU GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH RSWLPXP HFRQRPLF%UDWH 2(%5 FULWLFDOVRLOWHVWDQGWLVVXH%YDOXHV IRU \LHOG DQG TXDOLW\ UHVSRQVH RI JUDSHYLQH WR % IHUWLOL]HU DSSOLFDWLRQPHWKRG IROLDUDQGVRLO DWGRVHV DQG NJ%KD IRUWZR\HDUV2(%5RIIROLDUDQGVRLODSSOLFDWLRQ UDQJHGIURPWRNJ%KDZLWKDQDYHUDJH\LHOGRI±  WKD UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH DYHUDJH VRLO % FRQWHQW DW WKH 2(%5ZDV±PJNJ/HDIWLVVXH%FRQWHQWDPRXQWHG WRDQGPJNJDQGEHUU\%FRQWHQWDPRXQWHGWR 

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(5) 2016

209

scholar.waset.org/1999.1/10004346

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016

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

F. Cluster Weight (g) ,W ZDV IRXQG E\ GLYLGLQJ WKH WRWDO JUDSH \LHOG ZLWK WKH QXPEHURIJUDSHFOXVWHUREWDLQHGIURPHDFKSDUFHO G.Berry Weight (g) ,W ZDV FDOFXODWHG D EHUU\ ZHLJKW  E\ GLYLGLQJ RI  EHUULHVZHLJKWFROOHFWHGXVLQJWKHPHWKRG>@ H.Maturity Index (°Brix /TA) ,W ZDV GHWHUPLQHG ZLWK WKH GLYLVLRQ RI ƒ%UL[ WR 7$ R%UL[ WRWDO VROXEOH VROLG VXEVWDQFH    ZDV GHWHUPLQHG E\ VTXHH]LQJ WKH JUDSHV EHUULHV  FROOHFWHG IURP WKH YLQHV XVLQJ WKHPHWKRG>@DQGNHHSLQJWKHUHVXOWLQJMXLFHDWƒ&LQD GLJLWDO UHIUDFWRPHWHU GHYLFH $WDJR 5;  $OSKD  7$ WLWUDWDEOH DFLGLW\  JO  ZDV FDOFXODWHG E\ XVLQJ WKH WLWUDWLRQ PHWKRGIURPWKHMXLFHVTXHH]HGIURPWKHVDPHJUDSHV3LSHWWH PORIWKHJUDSHMXLFHDQGPORISXUHZDWHULQWKHEHDNHU WDNHQ WR EH FRPSOHWHG ZHUH VXEMHFWHG WR WLWUDWLRQ ZLWK  1 1D2+>@

International Science Index, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004346

,,, 0(7+2'2/2*@ )RU WKH FRORU PHDVXUHPHQW  JUDSHV SHU FOXVWHU ZHUH VHOHFWHG IURP WZRRSSRVLWHVLGHVRIWKHFOXVWHUDQGDWILYHGLIIHUHQWKHLJKWV ,Q WKLV ZD\ WKH FRORU GDWXP ZDV WKH PHDQ RI  JUDSHV IRU HDFK DSSOLFDWLRQ 7KH UHVHDUFK ZDV SODQQHG LQ D FRPSOHWHO\ UDQGRPL]HGEORFNGHVLJQDVDVLPSOHIDFWRULDOH[SHULPHQWDQG YDULDQFHDQDO\VHVDQGPXOWLSOHFRPSDULVRQWHVWVZHUHGRQHE\ -03 VWDWLVWLFDO SDFNDJH SURJUDP YHUVLRQ  6$6 ,QVWLWXWH &DU\1&86$ 

A. 1/3 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/3 CTR) 7KH  FOXVWHU WLS UHGXFWLRQ EHUU\ WKLQQLQJ  ZDV DSSOLHG E\FXWWLQJWKHWLSVRIWKHFOXVWHUDWWKHSRLQWRIRQHWKLUGRIWKH FOXVWHU OHQJWK ZKLOH WKH  FOXVWHU UHGXFWLRQ RI DOO FOXVWHUV RXWVLGHWKHFRQWUROLQWKHEHUU\VHWSHULRGZDVFRQGXFWHG B. 1/6 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/6 CTR) 7KH  FOXVWHU WLS UHGXFWLRQ EHUU\ WKLQQLQJ  ZDV DSSOLHG E\FXWWLQJWKHWLSVRIWKHFOXVWHUDWWKHSRLQWRIRQHVL[WKRIWKH FOXVWHU OHQJWK ZKLOH WKH  FOXVWHU UHGXFWLRQ RI DOO FOXVWHUV RXWVLGHWKHFRQWUROLQWKHEHUU\VHWSHULRGZDVFRQGXFWHG C. 1/9 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/9 CTR) 7KH  FOXVWHU WLS UHGXFWLRQ EHUU\ WKLQQLQJ  ZDV DSSOLHG E\FXWWLQJWKHWLSVRIWKHFOXVWHUDWWKHSRLQWRIRQHLQQLQHRI WKHFOXVWHUOHQJWKZKLOHWKHFOXVWHUUHGXFWLRQRIDOOFOXVWHUV RXWVLGHWKHFRQWUROLQWKHEHUU\VHWSHULRGZDVFRQGXFWHG D.Application in Boric Acid Form to Foliar (BA) 7KH ILUVW ERULF DFLG DSSOLFDWLRQ D ZHHN EHIRUH IORZHULQJ WKH VHFRQG DSSOLFDWLRQ ZDV XVHG LQFOXGLQJ EHUU\ SHULRG $SSOLFDWLRQVOLWHUVRIZDWHUJERULFDFLGJXUHD WR EH SUHSDUHG ZDV VSUD\HG RQWR WKH FRRO HYHQLQJ KRXUV 0DWXULQJ RI WKH JUDSHV DIWHU KDUYHVW DQG WKH GDWD ZHUH REWDLQHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHIROORZLQJFULWHULD

,9),1',1*6$1'&200(176 7KH HIIHFWV RI DOO RI WKH DSSOLFDWLRQV RQ PDWXULW\ LQGH[ PXVW \LHOG LQWHQVLW\ RI /  FRORU D  FRORU DQG E  FRORU LQ $OSKRQVH /DYDOOHH JUDSH YDULHW\ ZHUH IRXQG VWDWLVWLFDO VLJQLILFDQW A. Effects of Applications on Fresh Grape Yield 7KH HIIHFW RI DSSOLFDWLRQV RQ IUHVK JUDSH \LHOG LV QRW D VWDWLVWLFDO VLJQLILFDQW )LJ   ,Q VLPLODU VWXGLHV ZKLOH 7DULV =) IROLDU IHUWLOL]HU DSSOLFDWLRQ GLG QRW LQFUHDVH IUHVK JUDSH

E. Fresh Grape Yield (kg/vine) ,WZDVFDOFXODWHGE\ZHLJKLQJDOOWKH\LHOGVIURPWKHYLQHV LQWKHSDUFHOVDQGGLYLGLQJLWZLWKWKHQXPEHURIYLQHV 

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(5) 2016

210

scholar.waset.org/1999.1/10004346

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016

 \LHOGRI+HVDS$OLDQG(NVL.DUDYDULHWLHVLWLQFUHDVHGWKDWRI (UPHQHN JUDSH YDULHW\ >@ ,W LV VKRZHG WKDW  &5  +$ DSSOLFDWLRQ LQFUHDVHG JUDSH \LHOG RI +RUR] .DUDVÕ JUDSH YDULHW\ DQG  &5 DSSOLFDWLRQ RI *RN JUDSH YDULHW\ >@ ,W ZDV UHSRUWHG WKDW WKH EXQFK UHGXFWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQ GHFUHDVHG WKHJUDSH\LHOG>@&OXVWHUWKLQQLQJUHGXFHGWKHJUDSH\LHOG SHUYLQHE\DURXQGZKHUHDVEHUU\WKLQQLQJRQO\UHGXFHG LWE\DURXQGLQVitis viniferaFY6\UDK>@ 

International Science Index, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004346

&ƌĞƐŚ'ƌĂƉĞzŝĞůĚ;ŬŐͬǀŝŶĞͿ Ϯ͕ϱ Ϯ ϭ͕ϱ ϭ Ϭ͕ϱ Ϭ

 )LJ(IIHFWVRIDSSOLFDWLRQVRQEHUU\ZHLJKW

D.Effects of Applications on Maturity Index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

 )LJ(IIHFWVRIDSSOLFDWLRQVRQIUHVKJUDSH\LHOG

B. Effects of Applications on Cluster Weight 7KH UHVXOW RI DSSOLFDWLRQV RQ FOXVWHU ZHLJKW LV QRW D VWDWLVWLFDO VLJQLILFDQW )LJ   ,Q VLPLODU VWXGLHV ZKLOH 7DULV =) IROLDU IHUWLOL]HU DSSOLFDWLRQ GLG QRW LQFUHDVH WKH FOXVWHU ZHLJKW RI +HVDS $OL DQG (NVL .DUD YDULHWLHV LW LQFUHDVHG LQ (UPHQHNYDULHW\>@



C. Effects of Applications on Berry Weight 7KHHIIHFWRIDSSOLFDWLRQVRQEHUU\ZHLJKWLVQRWDVWDWLVWLFDO VLJQLILFDQW )LJ   ,Q VLPLODU VWXGLHV ZKLOH 7DULV=) IROLDU IHUWLOL]HUDSSOLFDWLRQLQFUHDVHGEHUU\ZHLJKWRI(NVL.DUDDQG (UPHQHN YDULHWLHV WKH LQFUHDVH LQ +HVDS $OL YDULHW\ ZDV QRW IRXQGWREHVLJQLILFDQW>@ 

 )LJ(IIHFWVRIDSSOLFDWLRQVRQPDWXULW\LQGH[

E. Effect of Applications on Must Yield (Grape Juice) 7KH UHVXOWV VKRZHG D GLIIHUHQW UHVSRQVH DFFRUGLQJ WR DSSOLFDWLRQVLQWHUPVRIPXVW\LHOG )LJ 7KHKLJKHVWPXVW \LHOG ZDV WDNHQ ZLWK  PONJ IURP  &75  %$ DSSOLFDWLRQ LQ $OSKRQVH /DYDOOHH JUDSH YDULHW\ 7KH OHDVW PDWXULW\ LQGH[ ZDV WDNHQ ZLWK  PONJ IURP  &75 ZLWKPONJIURP&75DQGZLWKPONJIURP & DSSOLFDWLRQV ,Q VLPLODU VWXGLHV DV 7DULV=) IROLDUIHUWLOL]HU DSSOLFDWLRQ LQFUHDVHG WKH PXVW \LHOG RI (NVL .DUD DQG (UPHQHNYDULHWLHVWKHLQFUHDVHLQ+HVDS$OLZDVQRWIRXQGWR EHVLJQLILFDQW>@

 )LJ(IIHFWVRIDSSOLFDWLRQVRQFOXVWHUZHLJKW 





International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(5) 2016

211

scholar.waset.org/1999.1/10004346

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016

 FRORULQWHQVLW\LQFUHDVHGFRPSDUHGWRFRQWURO  ZLWKWKLV DSSOLFDWLRQ 7KDW LV WKH LQFUHDVHG \HOORZLVK FRORU RI EHUULHV 7KHOHDVWE FRORULQWHQVLW\ZDVWDNHQZLWKIURP&75 %$DSSOLFDWLRQ )LJ ,QVLPLODUVWXGLHVE FRORULQWHQVLW\ LQFUHDVHGZLWKFOXVWHUWKLQQLQJDQGEHUU\WKLQQLQJDSSOLFDWLRQV LQ6\UDKJUDSHYDULHW\>@

DƵƐƚzŝĞůĚ;ŵůͬŬŐͿ ϴϬϬ ϲϬϬ

9&21&/86,21

ϰϬϬ

&RQVHTXHQWO\ ZH FDQ UHFRPPHQG WR LPSURYH PDWXULW\ LQGH[ ZLWK  &75 WR LPSURYH PXVW \LHOG ZLWK  &75  %$WRLPSURYH/  EODFN FRORULQWHQVLW\ZLWK&75%$ RU&75%$WRLPSURYHD  UHGGLVK FRORULQWHQVLW\ZLWK &75DSSOLFDWLRQV

ϮϬϬ

International Science Index, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004346

Ϭ

$&.12:/('*0(176



7KLV VWXG\ ZDV VXSSRUWHG E\ 6HOFXN 8QLYHUVLW\ 6FLHQWLILF 5HVHDUFK 3URMHFW 6HOFXN 8QLYHUVLW\%$3 .RQ\D7XUNH\ 3URMHFW 1XPEHU   7KH DXWKRUV ZLVK WR WKDQN %$3 6WDIIV

)LJ(IIHFWVRIDSSOLFDWLRQVRQPXVW\LHOG

F. Effect of Applications on L* Color Intensity 7KH KLJKHVW /  FRORU LQWHQVLW\ ZDV REWDLQHG ZLWK  IURP&75DSSOLFDWLRQLQ$OSKRQVH/DYDOOHHJUDSHYDULHW\ /  FRORU LQWHQVLW\ LQFUHDVHG ZKLWH EULJKWQHVV  FRPSDUHG WR FRQWURO   ZLWK WKLV DSSOLFDWLRQ 7KH OHDVW /  FRORU LQWHQVLW\ZDVWDNHQZLWKIURP&75%$DQGZLWK  IURP  &75  %$ DSSOLFDWLRQV )LJ   ,Q VLPLODU VWXGLHV WKH /  FRORU LQWHQVLW\ LQFUHDVHG ZLWK  &75 DSSOLFDWLRQLQ0XVNXOHWDEOHJUDSHYDULHW\>@

5()(5(1&(6 >@ KWWSIDRVWDWIDRRUJ 5RPH )$2 ³6WDWLVWLFDO 'DWDEDVH´ 5HWULHYHG )HEUXDU\ >@ KWWSWXLNDSSWXLNJRYWUELWNLVHODSSELWNLVHO]XO 7XLN &URS 3URGXFWLRQ 6WDWLVWLFV5HWULHYHG)HEUXDU\ >@ . :DULQJWRQ ³7KH (IIHFW RI ERULF DFLG DQG ERUD[ RQ WKH EURDG EHDQ DQGFHUWDLQRWKHUSODQWV¶¶$QQ%RW >@ 6 *ROGEHUJ ³5HDFWLRQ RI ERURQ ZLWK VRLOV ,Q 3ODQW DQG 6RLO 3URFHHGLQJV (GV´ 5: %HOO DQG % 5HUNDVHP .OXZHU $FDGHPLF 3XEOLVKHUV'RUGUHFWKWKH1HWKHUODQGVSS >@ 5 .HUHQ )7 %LQJKDP DQG -' 5KRDGHV ³(IIHFW RI FOD\ FRQWHQW LQ VRLORQERURQXSWDNHDQG\LHOGRIZKHDW6RLO6FL6RF$P-  >@ ,&DNPDNDQG95RPKHOG³%RURQGHILFLHQF\LQGXFHGLPSDLUPHQWVRI FHOOXODU IXQFWLRQV LQ SODQWV¶¶ ,Q %RURQ LQ 6RLOV DQG 3ODQWV 5HYLHZV (GV%'HOO3+%URZQDQG5:%HOO.OXZHU$FDGHPLF3XEOLVKHUV 'RUGUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGVSS >@ +&REDQ³,QYHVWLJDWLRQVRQWKHHIIHFWVRIVRPHFXOWXUDODSSOLFDWLRQVWR LQFUHDVHWDEOHJUDSHTXDOLW\$QDGROX-RI$$5,  ± >@ $ $NÕQ ³,QYHVWLJDWLRQ RQ HIIHFWV RI GLIIHUHQW FURS ORDGLQJ DQG OHDI IHUWLOL]HUDSSOLFDWLRQRQWKHJURZWKJUDSH\LHOGDQGTXDOLW\LQVRPHWDEOH JUDSH YDULHWLHV¶¶ 6HOFXN 8QLYHUVLW\ *UDGXDWH 6FKRRO RI 1DWXUDO 6FLHQFHV6RLO'HSDUWPHQW 3K'7KHVLV SS.RQ\D >@ % @ + @ $'DUGHQL]DQG,.ÕVPDOÕ³7KHUHVHDUFKHVRQWKHHIIHFWVRIGLIIHUHQW FURSORDGRQSUXQLQJZHLJKW\LHOGDQGTXDOLW\RI$PDV\DDQG&DUGLQDO JUDSH FXOWLYDUV (JH hQLY $JULFXOWXUH )DFXOW\ 3XEOLFDWLRQV   %RUQRYDø]PLU ,Q7XUNLVK  >@ ( $EG (O5D]HN ' 7UHXWWHU 006 6DOHK 0 (O6KDPPDD $$ )RXDG 1 $EGHO+DPLG DQG 0 $ERX5DZDVK ³(IIHFW RI GHIROLDWLRQ DQG IUXLW WKLQQLQJ RQ IUXLW TXDOLW\ RI µFULPVRQ VHHGOHVV¶ JUDSH¶¶ 5HVHDUFK-RXUQDORI$JULFXOWXUHDQG%LRORJLFDO6FLHQFHV    >@ $ $NÕQ ³(IIHFWV RI FOXVWHU UHGXFWLRQ KHUEDJUHHQ DQG KXPLF DFLG DSSOLFDWLRQVRQJUDSH\LHOGDQGTXDOLW\RI+RUR].DUDVLDQG*|N]P JUDSHFXOWLYDUV¶¶$IULFDQ-RXUQDORI%LRWHFKQRORJ\   D

G. Effect of Applications on a* Color Intensity 7KHKLJKHVWD FRORULQWHQVLW\ZDVREWDLQHGZLWKIURP  &75 DSSOLFDWLRQ LQ $OSKRQVH /DYDOOHH JUDSH YDULHW\ D  FRORULQWHQVLW\LQFUHDVHGFRPSDUHGWRFRQWURO  ZLWKWKLV DSSOLFDWLRQ7KDWLVWKHLQFUHDVHGUHGGLVKFRORURIEHUULHV7KH OHDVW D  FRORU LQWHQVLW\ ZDV WDNHQ ZLWK  IURP  &75 ZLWKIURP&DQGIURP&75DSSOLFDWLRQV )LJ  ,QVLPLODU VWXGLHV D  FRORU LQWHQVLW\ YDOXHLQFUHDVHGZLWK WKH EHUU\WKLQQLQJDSSOLFDWLRQLQ6\UDKJUDSHYDULHW\>@ 

 )LJ(IIHFWVRIDSSOLFDWLRQVRQFRORULQWHQVLW\

H. Effect of Applications on b* Color Intensity 7KHKLJKHVWE FRORULQWHQVLW\ZDVREWDLQHGZLWKIURP  &75 DSSOLFDWLRQ LQ $OSKRQVH /DYDOOHH JUDSH YDULHW\ E  

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(5) 2016

212

scholar.waset.org/1999.1/10004346

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016

International Science Index, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Vol:10, No:5, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004346

 >@ $ $NÕQ ³(IIHFWV RI FOXVWHU WLS UHGXFWLRQ DQG VRPH JURZWK UHJXODWLQJ DSSOLFDWLRQV RQ JUDSH \LHOG DQG TXDOLW\ RI WKH 0úNOH JUDSH YDULHW\¶¶ @ 1 .HVNLQ % øVFL DQG = *RNED\UDN ³(IIHFWV RI FDQHJLUGOLQJ DQG FOXVWHUDQGEHUU\WKLQQLQJRQEHUU\RUJDQLFDFLGVRIIRXUVitis vinifera/ WDEOHJUDSHFXOWLYDUV¶¶$FWD6FL3RO+RUWRUXP&XOWXV    >@ 0*LO0(VWHUXHODV(*RQ]DғOH]1.RQWRXGDNLV--LPHғQH]))RUW - 0 &DQDOV , +HUPRVtQ*XWLHғUUH] DQG ) =DPRUD ³(IIHFW RI WZR GLIIHUHQWWUHDWPHQWVIRUUHGXFLQJJUDSH\LHOGLQVitis viniferaFYV\UDKRQ ZLQHFRPSRVLWLRQDQGTXDOLW\EHUU\WKLQQLQJYHUVXVFOXVWHUWKLQQLQJ¶¶- $JULF)RRG&KHP í  >@ $'DUGHQL]³(IIHFWVRIFOXVWHUWLSSLQJRQ\LHOGDQGTXDOLW\RI8VOXDQG &DUGLQDOWDEOHJUDSHFXOWLYDUV¶¶d20h$JULFXOWXUDO)DFXOW\-RXUQDO  ±dDQDNNDOH ,Q7XUNLVK  >@ 5 1LNNKDK + 1DIDU 6 5DVWJRR DQG 0 'RURVWNDU ³(IIHFW RI IROLDU DSSOLFDWLRQ RI ERURQ DQG ]LQF RQ TXDOLWDWLYH DQG TXDQWLWDWLYH IUXLW FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIJUDSHYLQH Vitis vinifera/ ¶¶,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI $JULFXOWXUHDQG&URS6FLHQFHV   >@ @ $ *XQHú & .RVH DQG 0 7XUDQ ³@ 0$ $PHULQH DQG 09 &UXHVV ³7KH WHFKQRORJ\ RI ZLQH PDNLQJ¶¶ 7KH$YL3XEOLVKLQJ&RPS,QF:HVWSRUW&RQQHFWLFXW86$SS  >@ .( 1HOVRQ ³+DUYHVWLQJ DQG KDQGOLQJ FDOLIRUQLD WDEOH JUDSHV IRU PDUNHW¶¶ %XOO  8QLY &DOLIRUQLD '$15 3XEOLFDWLRQ 2DNODQG &$ >@ 0LQROWD ³3UHFLVH FRORU FRPPXQLFDWLRQ¶¶ FRORU FRQWURO IURP IHHOLQJ WR LQVWUXPHQWDWLRQ0LQROWD&R/WG2VDND -DSDQ 



International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(5) 2016

213

scholar.waset.org/1999.1/10004346