Global Journal of Mathematical Analysis, 3 (2) (2015) 54-60 www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/GJMA c ⃝Science Publishing Corporation doi: 10.14419/gjma.v3i2.4412 Research Paper
The generalized triple difference of χ3 sequence spaces N. Subramanian 1 , Ayhan Esi 1 2
2∗
Department of Mathematics, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India Department of Mathematics, Adiyaman University, 02040, Adiyaman, Turkey *Corresponding author E-mail:
[email protected]
c Copyright ⃝2015 N. Subramanian and Ayhan Esi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract In this paper we define some new sequence spaces and give some topological properties of the sequence spaces 3 m χ3 (∆m v , s, p) and Λ (∆v , s, p) and investigate some inclusion relations. Keywords: analytic sequence; difference sequence; gai sequence; triple sequence. 2000 Mathematics subject classification: 40A05, 40C05, 40D05.
1.
Introduction
Throughout w, χ and Λ denote the classes of all, gai and analytic scalar valued single sequences, respectively. We write w3 for the set of all complex triple sequences (xmnk ), where m, n, k ∈ N, the set of positive integers.Then, w3 is a linear space under the coordinate wise addition and scalar multiplication. ∑ ∞ Let (xmnk ) be a triple sequence of real or complex numbers. Then the series m,n,k=1 xmnk is called a triple ∑∞ series. The triple series m,n,k=1 xmnk is said to be convergent if and only if the triple sequence (Smnk ) is convergent, where Smnk =
m,n,k ∑
xijq (m, n, k = 1, 2, 3, ...).
i,j,q=1
A sequence x = (xmnk ) is said to be triple analytic if 1
supm,n,k |xmnk | m+n+k < ∞. The vector space of all triple analytic sequences are usually denoted by Λ3 . A sequence x = (xmnk ) is called triple entire sequence if 1
|xmnk | m+n+k → 0 as m, n, k → ∞. The vector space of all triple entire sequences are usually denoted by Γ3 . The space Λ3 and Γ3 is a metric space with the metric { } 1 d(x, y) = supm,n,k |xmnk − ymnk | m+n+k : m, n, k : 1, 2, 3, ... , (1)
55
Global Journal of Mathematical Analysis
for all x = {xmnk } and y = {ymnk } in Γ3 . Let ϕ = {finite sequences} . Consider a triple sequence x = (xmnk ). The (m, n, k)th section x[m,n,k] of the sequence is defined by x[m,n,k] = ∑ m,n,k i,j,q=0 xijq δijq for all m, n, k ∈ N,
δmnk
0 0 . . = . 0 0
0 0 .
...0 0 ...0 0 .
0 0
...1 0 ...0 0
... ... ... ...
with 1 in the (m, n, k)th position and zero otherwise. 1 A sequence x = (xmnk ) is called triple gai sequence if ((m + n + k)! |xmnk |) m+n+k → 0 as m, n, k → ∞. The triple gai sequences will be denoted by χ3 . Consider a triple sequence x = (xmnk ). The (m, n, k)th section x[m,n,k] of the sequence is defined by x[m,n,k] = ∑ m,n,k 1 i,j,q=0 xijq ℑijq for all m, n, k ∈ N ; where ℑijq denotes the triple sequence whose only non zero term is a (i+j+k)! th
in the (i, j, k) place for each i, j, k ∈ N. An FK-space(or a metric space)X is said to have AK property if (ℑmnk ) is a Schauder basis for X, or equivalently x[m,n,k] → x. An FDK-space is a triple sequence space endowed with a complete metrizable; locally convex topology under which the coordinate mappings are continuous. If X is a sequence space, we give the following definitions: ′ (i) X is continuous dual of X; { } ∑∞ α (ii) X = a = (amnk ) : m,n,k=1 |amnk xmnk | < ∞, f or each x ∈ X ; { } ∑∞ (iii) X β = a = (amnk ) : m,n,k=1 amnk xmnk is convergent, f or each x ∈ X ; ∑ { } M,N,K (iv) X γ = a = (amn ) : supm,n≥1 m,n,k=1 amnk xmnk < ∞, f or each x ∈ X ; { } ′ (v) Let X be an FK-space ⊃ ϕ; then X f = f (ℑmnk ) : f ∈ X ; { } 1/m+n+k (vi) X δ = a = (amnk ) : supm,n,k |amnk xmnk | < ∞, f or each x ∈ X ; X α .X β , X γ are called α − (or K¨othe-Toeplitz) dual of X, β − (or generalized-K¨othe-Toeplitz) dual of X, γ− dual of X, δ − dual of X respectively.X α is defined by Gupta and Kamptan [10] . It is clear that X α ⊂ X β and X α ⊂ X γ , but X α ⊂ X γ does not hold.
2.
Definitions and preliminaries 1
A sequence x = (xmnk ) is said to be triple analytic if supmnk |xmnk | m+n+k < ∞. The vector space of all triple analytic sequences is usually denoted by Λ3 . A sequence x = (xmnk ) is called triple entire sequence if 1 |xmnk | m+n+k → 0 as m, n, k → ∞. The vector space of triple entire sequences is usually denoted by Γ3 . A sequence 1 x = (xmnk ) is called triple gai sequence if ((m + n + k)! |xmnk | ) m+n+k → 0 as m, n, k → ∞. The vector space of triple gai sequences is usually denoted by χ3 . The space χ3 is a metric space with the metric { } 1 d(x, y) = supm,n,k ((m + n + k)! |xmnk − ymnk |) m+n+k : m, n, k : 1, 2, 3, ... (2) for all x = {xmnk } and y = {ymnk }in χ3 . Throughout the article w3 , χ3 (∆) , Λ3 (∆) denote the spaces of all, triple gai difference sequence spaces and triple analytic difference sequence spaces respectively. 3 For a triple { sequence x ∈ w , we define the sets } 1/m+n+k 3 3 χ (∆) = x ∈ w : ((m + n + k)! |∆xmnk |) → 0 as m, n, k → ∞ { } 1/m+n+k Λ3 (∆) = x ∈ w3 : supm,n,k |∆xmnk | 0. It is trivial that g (θ) = 0, g (−x) = g (x) and g (x + y) ≤ g (x) + g (y) . Since µ > 0 there exists a positive number β such ( that pmnk > α,)β for sufficiently large positive integer m, n, k. Hence for any p M α β λ ∈ C, we may write |λ| mnk ≤ max |λ| , |λ| , |λ| for sufficiently large positive integers m, n, k ≥ N. Therefore, ( ) α/M β/M we obtain that g (λx) ≤ max |λ| , |λ| , |λ| g (x) using this, one can prove that λx → θ, whenever x is fixed and λ → 0, (or) λ → 0 and x → θ, or λ is fixed and x → θ. This completes the proof. 3 m 3 m Theorem 3.4. Let 0 < pmnk ≤ qmnk ≤ 1 for all m, n, k ∈ N, then (i)Λ3 (∆m v , s, p) ⊆ Λ (∆v , s, q) (ii)χ (∆v , s, p) ⊆ 3 m χ (∆v , s, q)
59
Global Journal of Mathematical Analysis
Proof. (i): Let x ∈ Λ3 (∆m v , s, p) . Then there exists a constant M > 1 such that (mnk)
−s
|∆m v xmn |
qmnk /m+n+k
≤ M for all m, n, k
and so (mnk)
−s
|∆m v xmnk |
qmnk /m+n+k
≤ M for all m, n, k
i 3 m suppose that xi ∈ Λ3 (∆m v , s, q) and x → x ∈ Λ (∆v , s, p) . Then for every o < ϵ < 1, there exist N such that for all m, n, k
(mnk)
−s
( ) pmnk /m+n+k m (i) < ϵ for all i > N ∆v xmnk − xmnk
−s
( ) pmnk /m+n+k ( ) qmnk /m+n+k m (i) (i) −s < ϵ (for all i > N ) < (mnk) ∆m x − x ∆v xmnk − xmnk mnk v mnk
Now, (mnk)
Therefore x ∈ Λ3 (∆m v , s, q) . This completes the proof. (ii): It is easy. Therefore omit the proof. Proposition 3.5. For X = χ3 and Λ3 , then we obtain (i)X (∆m v , s, p) is not sequence algebra, in general (ii) X (∆m , s, p) is not solid, in general. v Proof. (i) This result is clear from the following example : Example 3.6. (1) Let pmnk = 1, (m + n + k)!vmnk = 2(m+n+k)
(m + n + k)!ymnk = (mnk) m = 1 and s = 0.
1 , (m (mnk)2(m+n+k)
+ n + k)!xmnk = (mnk)
2(m+n+k)
and
for all m, n, k. Then we have x, y ∈ χ3 (∆, 0, p) but x, y ∈ / χ3 (∆, 0, p) with
Proof. (ii) This result is clear from the following example 1 1 ...1 1 0... 1 1 ...1 1 0... . . m+n+k ∈ χ3 (∆m Example 3.7. (2) Consider xmnk = , v , s, p) Let pmnk = 1, αmnk = (−1) . 1 1 ...1 1 0... 0 0 ...0 0 0... then αmnk xmnk ∈ / χ3 (∆m v , s, p) with m = 1 and s = 0. The following proposition’s proof is a routine verification. Proposition 3.8. For X = χ3 and Λ3 , then we obtain m (i) s1 < s2 implies X (∆m v , s1 , p) ⊂ X (∆v , s2 , p) , m (ii) Let 0 < inf pmnk < pmnk ≤ 1 then X (∆m v , s, p) ⊂ X (∆v , s) , m m (iii) Let 1 ≤ pmnk ≤ supmnk pmnk ( < ∞, ) then X (∆v , s) ⊂ X (∆v , s, p) , (iv) Let 0 < pmnk ≤ qmnk and
qmnk pmnk
m be bounded, then X (∆m v , s, q) ⊂ X (∆v , s, p) .
References [1] T. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, Addison-Wesley, London, (1978). [2] A. Esi and E. Savas, ”On lacunary statistically convergent triple sequences in probabilistic normed space”,Appl.Math.and Inf.Sci., 9(2015), (To appear). [3] A. Esi, ”On some triple almost lacunary sequence spaces defined by Orlicz functions”, Research and Reviews:Discrete Mathematical Structures, 1(2), (2014), pp.16-25.
60
Global Journal of Mathematical Analysis
[4] A. Esi and M. Necdet Catalbas, ”Almost convergence of triple sequences”, Global Journal of Mathematical Analysis, 2(1), (2014), pp.6-10. [5] A. Sahiner, M. Gurdal and F. K. Duden, ”Triple sequences and their statistical convergence”, Selcuk J. Appl. Math. , 8(2), (2007), pp.49-55. [6] G. H. Hardy, ”On the convergence of certain multiple series”, Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 19, (1917), pp.86-95. [7] N. Subramanian and U. K. Misra, ”Characterization of gai sequences via double Orlicz space”, Southeast Asian Bulletin of Mathematics, (revised). [8] N. Subramanian, B. C. Tripathy and C. Murugesan, ”The double sequence space of Γ2 ”, Fasciculi Math. , 40, (2008), pp.91-103. [9] N. Subramanian, B. C. Tripathy and C. Murugesan, ”The Ces´ aro of double entire sequences”, International Mathematical Forum, 4(2), (2009), pp.49-59. [10] P. K. Kamthan and M. Gupta, Sequence spaces and series, Lecture notes, Pure and Applied Mathematics, 65 Marcel Dekker, In c., New York, (1981).
