the relationship between fitness-related quality ...

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ment, in recreational services (Crompton and Mackay, 1989) ... cal telephone services (Bolton and Drew,. 1991) ... ism (Baker and Crompton, 2000), shopping.
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ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLI AKADEMIK SPOR SAĞLIK VE TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI INTERNATIONAL REFEREED ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS, HEALTH AND MEDICAL SCIENCES

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FITNESS-RELATED QUALITY, SATISFACTION AND INTENTION1 FİTNES’A İLİŞKİN HİZMET KALİTESİ TATMİN VE NİYET ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ Metin ARGAN1, Mehpare TOKAY ARGAN2, Huseyin KÖSE1, Azize SONER1 Anadolu University Faculty of Sport Sciences Eskişehir / Turkey Bilecik Seyh Edebali University Bozüyük Vocational School Bilecik / Turkey 1

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Öz: Hizmet kalitesi, tatmin, niyet ve sadakate olan pozitif etkisinden dolayı dünyada önemli derecede ilgi duyulan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma da fitness merkezlerine ilişkin hizmet kalitesi faktörlerinin ve bu faktörlerin tatmin ve niyete olan etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma kantitatif araştırma yöntemi olan anket çalışması kullanılarak özel spor tesislerinde 233 fitness katılımcısına yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere, geçerlilik, güvenilirlik testleri, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) uygulanmıştır. Faktör analizi sonuçlarında altı geçerli boyut (tesis, personel, güvenilirlik, empati, duyarlılık, ulaşım ve bakım) ortaya çıkmış olup, bu boyutların bağımlı değişken olan tatmin ve niyetle anlamlı ilişkisi olduğu ifade edilmiştir.

Abstract: Service quality has received an increasing interest worldwide due to its positive impact on satisfaction, intention and loyalty. The purpose of the study is to reveal the dimensions of service quality related to fitness centers and to analyze the effects of fitness service quality on satisfaction and intention. The study involved a quantitative research methodology employing a questionnaire and convenience sampling with a total sample of 233 members of a private fitness center within the region of middle of the Turkey. The data were subjected to reliability, validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures. The results of analyzes reveal six valid dimensions (facility, personnel, reliability, empathy, responsiveness, and accessibility and maintenance) and indicate significant relationship between fitness related service dimensions and satisfaction and intention as dependent variable.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Fitness, Fitness Hizmetleri, Kalite, Fitness Kalitesi, Fitness Hizmet Kalitesi

Key Words: Fitness, Fitness Services, Quality, Fitness Quality, Fitness Services Quality

Doi: 10.17363/SSTB.20151610875

(1) Sorumlu Yazar: Hüseyin KÖSE, Anadolu University Faculty of Sport Sciences Eskişehir / Türkiye huseyink@

anadolu.edu.tr Geliş Tarihi / Received: 30.12.2014 Düzeltme Tarihi / Revision Date 09.02.2015 Kabul Tarihi/ Accepted: 20.04.2015 Makalenin Türü: Type ofarticle (Araştırma – Uygulama / Research -Application) Çıkar Çatışması / Conflict of Interest:Yok / None “Etik Kurul Raporu Yok - None Ethics Committee”

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www.sstbdergisi.com ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ EKONOMİ YÖNETİMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ Uluslararası Spor Sağlık Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi InternationalHakemli Refereed Akademik Journal of Researches onVe Economy Management / Kasım / Aralık Sayı: 02 Cilt: 01Cilt: Sonbahar Kış16 Yıl:2015 Temmuz /Ekim Ağustos / Eylül – Yaz 2014 Sonbahar Dönemi 5 Sayı: October / November / December 2014 Issue: 02 Volume: Autumn Winter International Refereed Academic Journal of Sports, Health01 and Medical Sciences ID:13 K:02 July / August / September - Summer Autumn Period Volume: 5 Issue: 16 Year: 2015 (Ekonomi) & (Economy) JEL CODE: I0-I10-I19 ID:222 K:278 ISSN Print: www.uheyadergisi.com 2146-8508 Online 2147-1711

(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008 Belge No: 12879 &NO: ISO TRADEMARK) 14001-2004 Belge No: 12880) (MARKA PATENT (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE between customer expectation İNCELENMESİ

and perception of the provided service and conceptualized Murat KORKMAZ, Hakan AÇIKGÖZ In the current dramatically changing market as aYönetmeni customer’s evaluation of the perceived A.Ş. Finans environment, service quality is theGüven keyGrup to at1 performance of the service compared to the Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü taining competitive advantages for fitness orexpectations they held for that service (Paraganizations. Service quality continues to gain Özet : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK verilerisuraman kullanılarak et hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi al., 1985; Zeithaml et al., 1996; ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi popularity among the many service companies Lin, 2010;çalışmada Smith ANOVA et al., 2014). şeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan modeli And recently throughout the uygulanmıştır. world. Moreover, in atestleri competAyrıca hipotez uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. service quality has become great differentiaSanayi ve konutlarda aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi itive based condition, servicetüketim quality and its yönünde hareket edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik tor bulgulara göre de organizations sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde between and is one of the effect on satisfaction and attitudinal or behavedilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz most varılmaktadır. powerful Sonuç weapons that many leading fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna olarak tüketim ioral intention aralığı is the key to competing long Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir. service organizations possess (Lotz, 2009; times. Numerous studies have established the Anahtar Kelimeler : Elektrik, Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat Soita, 2012). link between service quality, satisfaction and loyalty. Service quality has received an in- Service quality has been linked to outcomes ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES ACCORDINGdue TO CONSUMPTION IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND such as customer satisfaction, customer loycreasing interest worldwide to its positiveRANGES HOUSES impact on satisfaction and loyalty. This study alty and repurchases intention (Soita, 2012). this study prepared by using data ofHigh TSI belonging to thequality years of 2012-2014, service makes the customers investigates theAbstract: role ofInfitness-related quality the consumption of electricity and natural gas used in industry and houses is statistically andwith loyal, thus they continue to buy in shaping satisfaction and intention. analyzed. ANOVA model was Service applied to the satisfied study prepared the use of different techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and the research was services, increase the gas volume quality is widespread, forpurpose servicmade more particularly comprehensive. The was to determine electricity and natural prices of their purchases and engage in positive WOM (wordes related to business, health and marketing. of-mouth) publicity (Howat et al., 1999). Service Quality And Fitness Service Quality To satisfy customers, service quality allows Service quality is considered one of the most managers to identify strengths and areas for important subjects in business management improvement of attributes of the service that (Lin, 2010) and has been variously defined in they can manage to help improve their comnumerous studies. Parasuraman et al. (1988) petitive advantage (Senekham, 2008). On the defined service quality as a global judgment one hand, when customers’ perceptions of or attitude relating to the superiority of a ser- service quality are positive, the behavioral invice. Rust and Oliver (1993) stated service tentions are favorable, which strengthens their quality as the consumer’s overall impression relationship with the organization (Zeithaml of the relative superiority of the service of and Bitner, 2003), on the other hand, when an organization. According to traditional and customers’ perceptions are negative, the bemore accepted approach it is the difference havioral intentions are unfavorable, which 2

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www.sstbdergisi.com ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ EKONOMİ YÖNETİMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ UluslararasıRefereed Hakemli Akademik Spor Sağlık Ve Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi International Journal of Researches on Economy Management / Kasım / Aralık 2014 Sayı: 02 Dönemi Cilt: 01 Sonbahar Kış 16 Yıl:2015 TemmuzEkim / Ağustos / Eylül – Yaz Sonbahar Cilt: 5 Sayı: October / November Issue: 02 Volume: 01and Autumn Winter International Refereed/ December Academic 2014 Journal of Sports, Health Medical Sciences ID:13 K:02 July / August / September - Summer Autumn Period Volume: 5 Issue: 16 Year: 2015 (Ekonomi) & (Economy) JEL CODE: I0-I10-I19 ID:222 K:278 www.uheyadergisi.com ISSN Print: 2146-8508 Online 2147-1711

(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008(MARKA Belge No: PATENT 12879 & ISO Belge No: 12880) NO:14001-2004 TRADEMARK) (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN relationship with the organizaness to help customers; and İNCELENMESİ

weakens their empathy refers to employees’ willingness to provide individution (Kouthouris and Alexandris,Murat 2005). Any Hakan KORKMAZ, AÇIKGÖZ alized attention to customers (Kouthouris and failure about service quality ends Güvenup Grupwith A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni Alexandris, 2005). SERVQUAL scale has 1 customer defections that have surprisingly Kilis a7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü been empirically tested in numerous studies. powerful impact on organizations profits, Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak hazırlananBabakus bu çalışma, sanayi For example, and Mangold (1992) market share,Özet unit: 2012-2014 costs, and many other facve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi theçalışmada scale in hospital tors associated with competitive advantage. şeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarak used hazırlanan ANOVA modeli service environuygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. ment, in recreational services (Crompton Also, it leads Sanayi to loss of customer loyalty and ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi and Mackay, 1989) and Elde retailing in departhareket yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. low employeeyönünde morale andedilmiş higholup, absenteeism edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz ment stores (Finn and Lamb, 1991). Also, (Soita, 2012).fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim aralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir. there have been many studies conducted on A considerable body of research in the litAnahtar Kelimeler : Elektrik, Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, service quality in Fiyat different business conerature has focused on the nature of service texts and organizations. For example in loquality and there is a general acceptance that cal AND telephone (Bolton and Drew, ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY NATURALservices GAS PRICES TO of CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND service quality ACCORDING is composed a number of HOUSES 1991), transportation (Bitner, 1990), health underlying dimensions (Murray and Howat, care and nursing (Donabedian, 1997), mediAbstract: In this of study prepared by using data of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, 2002). To exact the nature these dimensions calin care (Donabedian, 2005), leisure (Murray the consumption of electricity and natural gas used industry and houses is statistically and to measure perceptions of service qualanalyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared with the use of different and Howat, 2002; Howat et al., 2008), tourtechniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and the research was ity Parasuraman et al., (1988) developed a made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricityand and natural gas prices 2000), shopping ism (Baker Crompton, 22-item instrument and named SERVQUAL, and dining (Wu, 2014) etc. It’s been a long to be used in a variety of service industries. time since health and fitness industry has witThe researchers (Parasuraman, Ziethaml and nessed a tremendous growth in interest and Berry, 1988) have determined five determiparticipation and has been a rapidly growing nants of service quality that may relate to business on all over the world for many years any service: assurance, tangibles, reliability, (Senekham, 2008). Competitive marketing responsiveness and empathy. Assurance refor those industries to attract customers has fers to employees’ knowledge and ability to been increasing. Delivery of superior services convey trust and confidence; tangibles refers is stated as a perquisite for long-term success to an organization’s physical environment, (Parasuraman et al., 1985). As Llyod and Luk like facilities, equipment etc.; reliability re(2011) stated superior service quality leads fers to an organization’s ability to perform the to improved levels of customer satisfaction promised service accurately and dependably; and satisfied customers remain loyal to the responsiveness refers to employees’ willingorganization (Smith et al., 2014). For fitness 3

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www.sstbdergisi.com ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ EKONOMİ YÖNETİMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ Uluslararası Spor Sağlık Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi InternationalHakemli Refereed Akademik Journal of Researches onVe Economy Management / Kasım / Aralık Sayı: 02 Cilt: 01Cilt: Sonbahar Kış16 Yıl:2015 Temmuz /Ekim Ağustos / Eylül – Yaz 2014 Sonbahar Dönemi 5 Sayı: October / November / December 2014 Issue: 02 Volume: Autumn Winter International Refereed Academic Journal of Sports, Health01 and Medical Sciences ID:13 K:02 July / August / September - Summer Autumn Period Volume: 5 Issue: 16 Year: 2015 (Ekonomi) & (Economy) JEL CODE: I0-I10-I19 ID:222 K:278 ISSN Print: www.uheyadergisi.com 2146-8508 Online 2147-1711

(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008 Belge No: 12879 &NO: ISO TRADEMARK) 14001-2004 Belge No: 12880) (MARKA PATENT (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN and marketers, retentionİNCELENMESİ of Relationship Among Service

club managers Quality, Cusmembers and measuring their loyalty are in- Hakan tomer Satisfaction, And Purchase Intention Murat KORKMAZ, AÇIKGÖZ creasingly important. Many studies revealed Güven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni As mentioned above, service quality is an that high service quality is the key factor for 1 Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji important Bölümü topic attracted significant attention retention of customers and profitability (Forby researchers in the marketing literature, Özet : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki et TUİK nell and Wernerfelt, 1987; Parasuraman al.,verileri kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi since service perceptions are related ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel quality olarak analiz edilmesi 1988, Zeithamlşeklindedir. and Bitner, Farklı2003; analiz Alexandris teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA modeli with customer satisfaction (Parasuraman et uygulanmıştır. hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. et al., 2004; Lam et al.,Ayrıca 2005; Senekham, Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit al., ve1988; Alexandris et edilmesi al., 2004; Lam et al., 2008). yönünde hareket edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde 2005). Zeithaml and Bitner (2003) described edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği varılmaktadır. olarak tüketim Services in fitness clubs require physical in- sonucuna satisfaction as Sonuç a judgment that a product or aralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir. teraction between the provider and the cusservice itself provides a pleasurable level of Anahtar Kelimeler : Elektrik, Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat tomers; the services presented in the fitness consumption related fulfillment. Also the clubs are complex and distinctive (Chang and authors underlined that assessment of satisECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES Chelladurai, 2003). Therefore it is important faction focuses specifically on service qualACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND HOUSES for fitness club managers and service-providity dimensions. So customers’ perception of ers understandAbstract: their participants’ wants and service quality influences their satisfaction. In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, the consumption of electricity and natural in industry and houses is statistically needs (Lagrosen and Lagrosen, 2007) be- gas used Customers’ positive perceptions about the analyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared with the use of different cause they spend long fortime in receiving theof hypothesis techniques analysis. Moreover, tests were applied and the research was interaction, physical environment and outmade more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices fitness service relative to conventional sercomes of service quality are likely to report vices. A unique feature of the service given in high levels of satisfaction (Alexandris et al., the fitness club is the members’ involvement 2004). Satisfied customers are more likely to in the production and consumption of the serbecome involved more frequently and to take vices (Chang and Chelladurai, 2003). Mempart in the services offered by the organizabership dues are one of the major sources of tion, to pay for the benefits that they receive revenue for fitness clubs, thus member retenand to be more tolerant of price increases tion is very important to the financial status (Lam et al., 2005). of the clubs. Members’ loyalty to the clubs Studies in service marketing literature have is related to their perception of the service suggested that service quality perceptions quality. So, measuring and evaluating fitness and customer satisfaction influence customclubs service quality is necessary to meet the ers’ purchase intentions (Chang, 1998) and needs and expectations of the participants numerous studies have identified the critical (Lam et al., 2005). roles of service quality on purchase intention 4

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(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008(MARKA Belge No: PATENT 12879 & ISO Belge No: 12880) NO:14001-2004 TRADEMARK) (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN Taylor, 1992; Taylor and Baker, (Baker and Crompton, 2000; İNCELENMESİ

(Cronin and Tian-Cole et al., 1994; Chang, 1998). As TaylorMurat andKORKMAZ, Baker Hakan 2002) reporting that service quality percepAÇIKGÖZ (1994) stated high levels of service quality tions can have a direct influence on behavGüven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni and high levels of satisfaction result in high ioral intentions. Also, there is some evidence 1 Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü levels of purchase behavior. Also, accordthat service quality perceptions are related to : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak bu çalışma, sanayi ing to Oliver Özet (1997) and Lin (2010) positive positive hazırlanan behavioral intentions and positive ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi attitudes to any specific organiza(Alexandris et al., şeklindedir. Farklıbrand analiz or teknikleri kullanılarak word-of-mouth hazırlanan çalışmada publicity ANOVA modeli uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. tion in customers’ mind positively contribute 2001). Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi to the intention of hareket repurchase. Many yönünde edilmiş olup, yapılanstudistatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde It isaralığı important for fitness club managers to edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz ies (Newman and Werbel, 1973; Taylor and fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır.the Sonuç olarak tüketim of service enunderstand importance Baker, 1994;aralığı Alexandris al., 2004; Lin, Kw cinsindenetyükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir. vironment in satisfying and retaining their 2010) have underlined that there isDoğalgaz, a high Tüketim, as- Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat Anahtar Kelimeler : Elektrik, members. Service quality is one of the key sociation among customer satisfaction and factors that affect profitability of fitness orrepurchase intention. Customers who are satECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES ganizations. In recent years, a considerable ACCORDING TO are CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND isfied by the service quality more likely HOUSES body of research (Chang, 1998; Howat et al., to express an intention to remain loyal and 1999; Murray and Howat, 2002; Alexandris Abstract:about In this study prepared by using data say positive things the organization to of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, the consumption of electricity and natural gas used industry and Lam houses et is statistically etinal., 2004; al., 2005; Lagrosen and analyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared with the use of different other potential customers (Zeithaml et al., techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and the research was Lin, 2010; Yu et Lagrosen, 2007; Lotz, 2009; 1996). As Murray and Howat (2002) stated made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices al., 2014) has been made to understand serthere has been considerable debate whether vice quality associated with sport clubs and satisfaction is an antecedent to, or a consesport facilities. However there is no or a little quence of, service quality, or if they are disresearch conducted on service quality in fittinct to each other (Crompton and MacKay, ness organizations in Turkish literature. It is 1989; Oliver, 1993) and there’s also evidence important and necessary to understand custo suggest that it is the customer satisfaction tomers’ assessment of service quality, cuswhich ultimately determines future intentions tomer satisfaction and repurchase intention of customers and behaviors towards the orgaand relationships among these three varinization (Taylor and Baker, 1994). In some ables, because they are the core factors (Yu et models proposed in the literature (Cronin and al., 2014) concerning the effectiveness of fitTaylor, 1992; Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003) have ness clubs and organizations. Therefore, the stated that satisfaction as an intervening varipurpose of the current study is to reveal the able between service quality and behavioral dimensions related to service quality of fitintentions. But there are also some researches 5

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www.sstbdergisi.com ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ EKONOMİ YÖNETİMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ Uluslararası Spor Sağlık Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi InternationalHakemli Refereed Akademik Journal of Researches onVe Economy Management / Kasım / Aralık Sayı: 02 Cilt: 01Cilt: Sonbahar Kış16 Yıl:2015 Temmuz /Ekim Ağustos / Eylül – Yaz 2014 Sonbahar Dönemi 5 Sayı: October / November / December 2014 Issue: 02 Volume: Autumn Winter International Refereed Academic Journal of Sports, Health01 and Medical Sciences ID:13 K:02 July / August / September - Summer Autumn Period Volume: 5 Issue: 16 Year: 2015 (Ekonomi) & (Economy) JEL CODE: I0-I10-I19 ID:222 K:278 ISSN Print: www.uheyadergisi.com 2146-8508 Online 2147-1711

(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008 Belge No: 12879 &NO: ISO TRADEMARK) 14001-2004 Belge No: 12880) (MARKA PATENT (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN analyze the effects of fitness ally and respondents were İNCELENMESİ

ness centers and asked to indicate service quality on satisfaction andMurat repurchase on aAÇIKGÖZ 5-point scale to what extent they agree KORKMAZ, Hakan behavior to gain insightful information and (5= strongly agree, 1= strongly disagree) Güven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni provide more effective services to customers with each item in the first and second part of 1 Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü in fitness clubs and organizations. questionnaires. The last part of questionnaire Özet : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileriwas kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi designed to collect the reasons of fitness METHODOLOGY ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi and demographic şeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarakparticipation hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA modeli characteristics uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı The study involved a quantitative research of respondents. hale getirilmiştir. Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi methodology yönünde employing a questionnaire hareket edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde FINDINGS edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz and convenience sampling with members fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim of a private fitness center within a city (Es- da azalma Table 1 presents the fitness participation reaaralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda meydana gelmektedir. kisehir) in the Anahtar middleKelimeler region: Elektrik, of theDoğalgaz, Turkey. demographic characteristics of the Tüketim,sons Sanayi,and Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat A questionnaire applied in this study. Prisample by gender, age, educational level, marily, the questionnaire was pre-tested on a and income. There were 52.8% male and ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES ACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY convenience sample of 22 fitness club mem-RANGES 47.2 were female. TheAND average age of the HOUSES bers living in Eskisehir, Turkey. Then it was respondents was 31 years (S.D: 8.5, range = Abstract: In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, administrated to people who were members 16-58). Approximately, half of them (47.2%) the consumption of electricity and natural gas used in industry and houses is statistically analyzed. ANOVA model wasbetween applied to the were study prepared with 26 the and use of35 different of private fitness center in Turkey between years. Most of the techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and the research was March 2014 and May Each person anrespondents had university degree (72.6%), made more2014. comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices swered the questionnaire individually. The and 14.6% had high school degree. With resurvey lasted around 15 minutes. A total of gard to the household monthly income of re233 questionnaires have been administrated. spondent, about one-third of participants was The questionnaire comprised three parts. The at 1317-1974 USD. Approximately 20% of first part contained 24 statements related to the participants were students, 15.9% of them dimensions of service quality in fitness cenwere public officials, and 12% of them were ters. The items in the first part were developed self-employed. More than half of respondents and adapted from existing literature (e.g., (57.5%) reported they were members of fitKim and Kim, 1995; Lim, 2006; MacKay and ness club since a year. According to the mean Crompton, 1990; Parasuraman et al., 1988). scores, health (M=4.84; SD= 0.46) and sport The scale of satisfaction and intention in the (M=4.49; SD= 0.84) were main reasons for second part was adapted from Oliver (1997) fitness among participants. and Zeithaml et al. (1996). All fitness club members filled in the questionnaire individu6

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(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008(MARKA Belge No: PATENT 12879 & ISO Belge No: 12880) NO:14001-2004 TRADEMARK) (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

Table 1.

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN Characteristics Of The Respondents İNCELENMESİ And Fitness Participation Murat KORKMAZ, Hakan AÇIKGÖZ Frequency %

25 and < 26-35 36 and > Education

%

Occupation

1

Male Age

Frequency

Güven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni

Gender Female

(N= 233)

Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü

123

52.8

Student

47

20.2

110

47.2

Housewife

7

3.0

Özet : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi Tradesman 14 şeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA modeli uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. 65testleri uygulanarak 27.9 araştırma Public Official 37 Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi 111 yapılan istatistik 47.6 bulgulara Workergöre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde15 yönünde hareket edilmiş olup, edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz 57 24.5 Manager 17 fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim aralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir. Instructor 14 Level

6.0 15.9 6.4 7.3 6.0

Anahtar Kelimeler : Elektrik, Sanayi, Secondary school or less 2 Doğalgaz, Tüketim, 0.8 RetiredKonut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat

10

4.3

High school

28

12.0

44

18.9

134

57.5

University Post Graduate

34

14.6

Self-employed

ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND NATURAL GAS PRICES 169 OF ELECTRICITY 72.6 Other ACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND HOUSES 28 12.0 Membership Year

1

Household Income 658 $ and < 659- 1316 $ 1317-1974 $

Abstract: In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, the consumption of electricity gas used 38 and natural16.3 2 in industry and houses is statistically62 analyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared with the use of different techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests 29.6 of hypothesis 69 3 were applied and the research was23 made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices

26.6 9.9

77

33.0

4 and >

14

6.0

1975-2632 $

25

10.7

Reasons of Fitness

M*

SD

2633 $ and >

24

10.4

Health

4.84

0.46

Sport

4.49

0.84

Slimming

4.18

1.01

Leisure

3.11

1.44

Socialization

2.90

1.56

Competition

2.20

1.29

*Mean; 5= Very Important 1= No Important

sis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures. Prior to CFA, both univariate and multivariate non-normality were examined. Univariate non-normality was

Fitness Service Quality In this study, the data were subjected to reliability, validity, confirmatory factor analy-

7

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SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN skewness and kurtosis. ToİNCELENMESİ as(1992) suggested that RMSEA

tested using values of less sume normality, Kline (1998) suggested cut Hakan thanAÇIKGÖZ 0.06 indicate good fit, values of 0.08 or Murat KORKMAZ, off absolute values of 3.0 and 8.0Güven for skewless would represent reasonable fit and valGrup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni ness and kurtosis respectively.1Kilis However, West ues higher than 0.10 indicate poor fit (Brown 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü et al. (1995) have suggested a stricter stanand Cudeck, 1992). CFI and NNFI indicate : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi dard of 2.0 andÖzet 7.0. The extreme among allverilerihow much better the hypothesized model ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi the variables was 2.12 for kurtosis and −1.62 compared to the basemodeli model. Any value şeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarakfits hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. for skewness for one variable, which was greater than 0.90 in CFI and NNFI indexes Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi within the acceptable limits (Kline, 1998). indicates fit Elde with the data (Hu yönünde hareket edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara görean de acceptable sonuca gidilmiştir. edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz After the normal distribution testing, a CFA and Bentler, 1999). Table 2 shows the fit valfiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim was employed aralığı in order to ascertain thefiyatlarda factor da azalma uesmeydana of thegelmektedir. model and results suggests that Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, structure, usingAnahtar LISREL 8.80: Elektrik, (Jöreskog and provides the best fit (CFI Kelimeler Doğalgaz, Tüketim,six-factor Sanayi, Konut,analysis Anova, TUİK, Fiyat 2 Sörbom, 2006). The ratio of χ /df was used = 0.96, NFI=.94, RMSEA = 0,08) for fitnessto assess the overall fit of the model. The rarelated quality. ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES CONSUMPTION p < 0.01) TO was satisfactoryRANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND tio of X2/df (2.75;ACCORDING HOUSES In the current study, the RMSEA value of indicating below the cut-off point 3 (Kline, 0.084 was well below 0.1 or approximately Abstract: In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, 2005). the consumption of electricity and natural gas used in industry and houses is statistically equal to 0.08, indicating a low discrepancy analyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared with the use of different It is commonlytechniques accepted that chi-square sta-of hypothesis between the implied covariance in the model for analysis. Moreover, tests were applied and the research was made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices tistic will reject valid models in large samand observed covariance in the data (Li, Liu ples (Baggozi and Yi, 1988); therefore, the and Zhao, 2006). many researchers (e.g., Chin, 1998; Longo In addition, the SRMR value (0.070) was also and Mura, 2007) relied on the goodness-ofbelow the 0.08. Four of all six incremental fit fit (GFI), the comparative fit index (CFI), the indices (GFI = 0.77, AGFI = 0.73, NFI = 0.94, incremental fit index (IFI), the non-normed NNFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.96, IFI = 0.96) met or fit index (NNFI), the standardized root mean exceeded the preferred level of 0.9 (Gefen et square residual (SRMR), and the root mean al., 2000; Soto-Acosta and o-Cerdan, 2008). square error of approximation (RMSEA). Only GFI and AGFI were less than required SRMR and RMSEA measure the poorness level. of fit (Lee et al., 2007). Brown and Cudeck

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SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN Table 2. Fitness-Related İNCELENMESİ Quality Factors Murat KORKMAZ, Hakan AÇIKGÖZ

CONSTRUCTS

Güven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni 1

Facilities

Std.

Loadings

Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü

Construct CR

AVE

Reliability

0.89

0.54

0.87

Özet : 2012-2014 The facility is generally clean Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak hazırlanan 0.76 bu çalışma, sanayi

ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi

Shower facilities are adequate 0.71 ANOVA modeli şeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışmada

uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. Shower areas are clean 0.77

Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi

yönünde hareket edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde Lockers are sufficient 0.77 edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz

Hair dryers arefiyatlarının sufficientgenel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. 0.67 Sonuç olarak tüketim aralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir.

Recreational areas are suitable Personnel

0.64

Anahtar Kelimeler : Elektrik, Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat

0.84

Facilities are modern and attractive Facilities are

0.52

0.83

0.68

ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES comfortable for usage 0.70 ACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND HOUSES

Employees are suitable clothes and good looks

0.73

Employees makes the task well Abstract: In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging 0.72 to the years of 2012-2014,

the consumption of electricity and natural gas used in industry and houses is statistically

Employees areanalyzed. kind ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared 0.76 with the use of different Reliability

techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and the research was 0.83 0.54 made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices

The information given is correct

0.75

The promises are kept

0.67

Employees are reliable

0.79

Employees are expert

0.73

Empathy Employees are willing

0.80

Employees pay special attention to members

0.90

Staff understands the needs of members

0.87

Responsiveness Problems are resolved quickly

0.71

Fitness managers are eager to implement of members’ proposals

0.89

Managers are friendly and open to new ideas

0.83

9

0.81

0.89

0.74

0.88

0.87

0.70

0.83

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Accessibility and

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN İNCELENMESİ Maintenance 0.74 0.49

0.72

Murat KORKMAZ, Hakan AÇIKGÖZ The spa area is clean and well maintained 0.63 Güven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni0.67

It is easy access to fitness center 1

Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji0.78 Bölümü Fitness equipment is new and well-maintained

0.93

Satisfaction and Intention

0.73

Özet : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi ve has konutlarda kullanılan tüketiminin istatistiksel This fitness center everything thatdoğalgaz should ile be elektrik in a facility 0.83 olarak analiz edilmesi şeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA modeli Services provided in this center arehipotez sufficient. 0.75 uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi This fitness center did meet my expectations. 0.89 yönünde hareket edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, I am happy with edilen this facility. 0.90 elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim I would recommend to my friendsfiyatlarda da azalma meydana 0.88 aralığıthis Kwresort cinsinden yükseldikçe, gelmektedir.

0.91

I think that I willAnahtar renew my membership 0.79 Kelimeler : Elektrik, Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat χ2 = 1093,73 (p=0,000), df =398, χ2/df =2,75, RMSEA = 0,084 , GFI = 0.77, AGFI = 0.73, NFI = 0.94, NNFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.96, IFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.070 ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES ACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND HOUSES displays factor loadings, composite 2006). Two criteria were used

Table 2 to evaluate the reliability (CR), construct reliability coefficonvergent validity of the scales as suggested Abstract: In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, the consumption of electricityextracted and natural gas used in industryand and houses is statistically cients (alpha) , and average variance by Fornell Larcker (1981). First, the indianalyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared with the use of different (AVE) values. All factor were posicator’s estimated should be signiftechniques for loadings analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and coefficient the research was made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices tive and significant (p < 0.01) ranging from icant on its posited underlying construct. All 0.63 to 0.90. Cronbach’s alpha analysis of the the loadings on the hypothesized constructs factors revealed alphas ranging from 0.72 to were significant and exceeded 0.63. Second, 0.91, indicating acceptable reliability of the AVE values were used to assess how well the instruments. All reliability coefficients were items on a specific subscale accounted for higher than the recommended criteria of 0.70 the underlying construct’s variance. The AVE (Kline, 2005). Also, alpha for scale of fitnessvalues above 0.50 indicate that the items related quality (24 items) was 0.92, and for collectively explain the adequate amount of satisfaction and intention scale was 0.91, invariance in the underlying construct (Hair et dicating high acceptance level. Fornell and al., 2005). The results in Table 2 demonstrate Larcker (1981) suggest a CR value of more that the AVE values exceeded .49 for all conthan 0.6. As Table 2 shows, the CR value of structs, in support of the convergent validity each variable was more than 0.74, indicating of our survey instrument (Fornell and Larckacceptable internal consistency (Hair et al. er 1981). Clearly, the results indicated that

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(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008(MARKA Belge No: PATENT 12879 & ISO Belge No: 12880) NO:14001-2004 TRADEMARK) (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN AVE values of this study model Total explained variance İNCELENMESİ

five of six in fitness- related are higher than 0.50, the standard value sug- Hakan scale was 69.110%. Murat KORKMAZ, AÇIKGÖZ gested by Fornell and Larcker Güven (1981) and Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni Relationship Between Fitness Quality And Hair et al. (2005). Besides,1Kilis the7 discriminant Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü Satisfaction validity is determined by verifying that the Özet : of 2012-2014 arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak sanayi path coefficients average variance each Yılları variable is greater Table 3 hazırlanan shows bu theçalışma, model’s ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi than the relationship valueanaliz of each pair of and model fit indexes. şeklindedir. Farklı teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA The modelimodel fit indexes uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. variables by 50 percent (Fornell and Larcker, equaled or exceed their respective common Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi 1981). The average variance ofolup, the yapılan variables acceptance levels, indicating that the disyönünde hareket edilmiş istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz in this study is greater than the relationship played fitted the data well. The chi-square fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim value of each aralığı pair of indicating sufis meydana significant (X2(398) = 1052,68, p< 0.01), Kwvariables, cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma gelmektedir. whichKonut, is usually theFiyat case for large sample ficient discriminant validity.: Elektrik, Finally, all pairs Anahtar Kelimeler Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Anova, TUİK, sizes and the ratio of X2/df (2.90) was satisof construct showed a correlation coefficient factory indicating below the cut-off point 3 that was significantly different from 1.0, inECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES ACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND (Kline, 2005). dicating discriminant validity (Anderson and HOUSES Gerbing, 1988). Altogether, these results alAll but two of the statistics are within the acAbstract: In thistostudy prepared evidence by using data of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, low for the researchers provide the consumption of electricity and natural gas used in industryranges, and housesindicating is statisticallya good fit to the ceptable analyzed. ANOVA applied to the study prepared with the use of different that the instruments used inmodel thiswas study meadata. GFI and AGFI values, other techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis wereExcept applied and the research was sured the constructs of interest The with strong made more comprehensive. purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices model fit indices were indicative of a good reliability and validity. The results of CFA fit of the model to the data (CFI = 0.94, NNFI revealed that the factors related with fitness = 0.96, IFI = 0.96). Similarly, RMSEA value service quality could be examined in six di(0.084) was about equal of cut-off value 0.08, mensions. These factors titled ‘facility’, ‘perand index of SRMR (0.070) was bellow of sonnel’, ‘reliability’, ‘empathy’, ‘responsivethe acceptance level 0.08.was bellow of the ness’, and ‘accessibility and maintenance’. acceptance level 0.08.

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(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008 Belge No: 12879 &NO: ISO TRADEMARK) 14001-2004 Belge No: 12880) (MARKA PATENT (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN Table 3. Results For Structural Model İNCELENMESİ Murat KORKMAZ, Hakan AÇIKGÖZ

t- Value

Güven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni

12.26

Standardized Solution

SQ → Satisfaction and Intention

1

0.87

Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü

χ2 = 1052,68 (p=0,000), df =398, χ2/df =2,64, RMSEA = 0,084 , GFI = 0.77, AGFI = 0.73, NFI = 0.94, NNFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.96, IFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.070

Özet : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi claimed personnel, equipment, Findings reported in Table 3, analiz according to kullanılarak the şeklindedir. Farklı teknikleri hazırlananthat çalışmada ANOVAtangibles, modeli uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. facility design, empathy, responsiveness, acstandardized beta coefficients and t-values, Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi yönünde hareket six edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de ambient sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde cessibility, conditions, assurance confirm that the together factors related edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz were varılmaktadır. very important as fitness with fitness quality wasgenel theseviyesinde best predictor of sonucuna fiyatlarının düşüş gözlendiği Sonuç olarak tüketim quality indicaKw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma tors.meydana gelmektedir. satisfaction andaralığı intention. Anahtar Kelimeler : Elektrik, Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat

There was a strong and statistically significant positive effect of fitness service qualOF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES The main goal ECONOMETRIC of the currentANALYSIS study was to ity IN onTERMS satisfaction. The AND results of SEM indiACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES OF INDUSTRY measure quality dimensions within private HOUSES cate that there are meaningful relationships fitness context. The current study assessed fitness-related service quality and Abstract: In this study prepared by using data ofamong TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, the quality factors in private fitnessand centers the consumption of electricity natural gas used in industry and houses is statistically With regard to the dimensions analyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the satisfaction. study prepared with the use of different and its association with andtestsin-of hypothesis were applied and the research was techniques for satisfaction analysis. Moreover, of the fitness-related made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and naturalquality, gas prices it is concluded tention among members of a private fitness that one-dimensional structure of the quality center in a city of middle region in Turkey. As affects the satisfaction and intention level, in well as, the study was designed to examine contrast of separately. Further, because the rethe relationship between two measures: The lationship is significant, it is also safe to conperceived fitness service quality scale and clude that each measure is a valid instrument. satisfaction with fitness service and behavThese results confirm previous empirical ioral intention scale. findings for service-related business showing that satisfaction (Zeithaml et al., 1996), The results revealed that the factors related intention, word-of-mouth and, loyalty (Oliwith fitness service quality could be examver, 1997; Smith et al., 2014) are influenced ined in five dimensions. These factors named by high level service quality. Whilst fitness ‘facility’, ‘personnel’, ‘reliability’, ‘empacenters should be aware of perceived service thy’, and ‘accessibility and maintenance’. quality dimensions on satisfaction and intenThese results confirmed previous findings for tion, it is important to note that long-term service quality dimensions for fitness, which CONCLUSIONS

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(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008(MARKA Belge No: PATENT 12879 & ISO Belge No: 12880) NO:14001-2004 TRADEMARK) (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN relationship strategies are effective other hand, members who İNCELENMESİ

customer rarely used the serin increasing the rate of the membership and Hakan vices of fitness centers are less likely to be Murat KORKMAZ, AÇIKGÖZ profit. loyal members. Güven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni 1

Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü As indicated by Zeithaml etKilis al.7 Aralık (1996), serIn conclusion, the results of the study indivice quality Özet for :many service organization cate six valid dimensions of fitness-related 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik istatistiksel olarak edilmesi there are signifihas been recognized as important to long term tüketiminin service quality. Inanaliz addition, şeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA modeli profitability. Earlier studies that araştırma cant relationship between fitness quality and uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca have hipotez shown testleri uygulanarak daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. Sanayi quality ve konutlarda göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi perceived service is tüketim one ofaralıklarına the stronsatisfaction with fitness services. In terms of yönünde hareket edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde gest predictoredilen of bulgular satisfaction (Oliver, 1997; success of fitness center, enforcement and resonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim Zeithaml et al., 1996) and intention. Also, as newal of the current services or launched new aralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir. indicated by Anahtar Alexandris et al. (2004), satisservices are considered critical for success. Kelimeler : Elektrik, Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat faction have a strong influence on word-ofSpecifically, since members evaluate the fitmouth communications. Satisfied members ness quality in terms of user perspective, the ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES ACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMSmay OF INDUSTRY are likely to spread positive word-of-mouth findings serve as AND a potential pioneer for HOUSES about fitness club (Alexandris et al., 2004). the organizational leadership or innovation. Abstract: In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging the yearsimplication of 2012-2014, for fitness manTherefore, many organizations in different There are toseveral the consumption of electricity and natural gas used in industry and houses is statistically service industries on model the eligibility analyzed.rely ANOVA was applied toofthe study prepared the use has of different agers. Thewith manager to be aware of several techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and the research was the service quality as comprehensive. satisfactionThepredictors. dimensions made more purpose was to determine electricityof andfitness-related natural gas prices service quality. Therefore, corroborating previous research, These six dimensions explain common facets the present results also showed that satisfacof service quality in fitness centers. In addition in fitness services in Turkey depends on tion, managers can evaluate their service opservice quality perceptions. Superior fitness eration both the service quality dimensions quality leads to improved levels of member and the new equipment or fitness forms. loyalty, typically via increasing satisfaction LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE STUDIES of member with the fitness provider (Smith et There are some limitations to the current study. al., 2014). It is assumed that high satisfaction Therefore, the results of the current study level in services may provide a solid commitshould be interpreted in the light of a numment for products (e.g., spinning, yoga, and ber of research limitations. A major weakness zumba) of fitness centers. Thus, members of this study is the small sample of members who participated frequently in experimental sampled from non-randomly selected private fitness services has an increased likelihood of fitness center. So, members from only one loyalty with brand of fitness center. On the

13

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SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN ANDERSON, J.C., & GERBING, center in Turkey participated İNCELENMESİ

D. W., private fitness (1988). Structural equation modeling in in the study; findings from this study may not Hakan AÇIKGÖZ Murat KORKMAZ, practice: A review and recommended be generalizable to Turkey as a whole or to Güven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni two-step approach. Psychological Bulleother parts of the country. Also limiting the 1 Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü tin, 103, 411-423 generalizability of the study was the selectÖzettype, : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki ed fitness center indicating high TUİK levelverileri kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi BAGOZZI, R.P., YI,edilmesi Y., (1988). On the ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak& analiz of social-sportive club. Farklı The findings relative şeklindedir. analiz teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA modeli evaluation of structural equations moduygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. to the fitness center may not be applicable to Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik veels. doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi of Marketing Journal of the Academy other recreational or sport Therefore, yönünde hareketcenters. edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde 16elektrik (1): 74-94 edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim Science, aralığı arttıkça, ve doğalgaz future researchfiyatlarının should genel examine a variety of seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim aralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir. BAKER, D., & CROMPTON, J., (2000) fitness. Previous empirical evidence supports Anahtar Kelimeler Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyatand behavioural inQuality, satisfaction the positive linkage between: Elektrik, the perceived tentions. Annals of Tourism Research, fitness quality and the consumer satisfaction. 785-804GAS PRICES Future studies may explore relationships ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF beELECTRICITY27(3), AND NATURAL ACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND tween fitness service quality and fitness enHOUSES BABAKUS, E., & MANGOLD, W.G., gagement, fitness involvement, and member(1992). Adapting the SERVQUAL scale Abstract: In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging years of 2012-2014, ship duration and membership types. and natural gas used in industry toandthehouses the consumption of electricity is statistically to hospital services: An empirical invesanalyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared with the use of different techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and the researchServices was tigation. HSR: Health Research, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices 26 (6), 768-786. This study was submitted as an oral presenBITNER, M.J., (1990). Evaluating service tation at Annual Tokyo Business Research encounters: The effects of physical surConference, 15-16 December 2014, Waseda roundings on employee responses. JourUniversity, Tokyo, Japan. nal of Marketing, 54(2), 69-82. REFERENCES BROWN, M.W., & CUDECK, R., (1992). ALEXANDRIS, K. ZAHARIADIS, P., Alternatives ways of assessing model fit. TSORBATZOUDIS, C., & GROUIOS, Sociological Methods and Research, 21, G., (2004). An Empirical investigation of 230-258. the relationships among service quality, customer satisfaction and physiological BOLTON, R., & DREW, J., (1991). A multicommitment in a health club context, Eustage model of customers’ assessment of ropean Sport Management Quarterly, 4, service qualityand value. Journal of Con36-52 sumer Research, 17(4), 375-384 14

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(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008(MARKA Belge No: PATENT 12879 & ISO Belge No: 12880) NO:14001-2004 TRADEMARK) (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN FINN, D.W., & LAMB, (1998). A systems view ofİNCELENMESİ qual-

C.W., (1991). An evaluation of the SERVQUAL Scales in ity in fitness services: Development of a Hakan AÇIKGÖZ Murat KORKMAZ, Retailing Setting, Advances in Consumer model and scales, Doctoral Dissertation, Güven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni Research, 18(1), 483-490. 1 Ohio State University, Colombus Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü

CHANG, K.,

FORNELL, C., & DAVID, F.L., (1981). CHANG, K., Özet & CHELLADURAI, P., (2003). : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi Structural Equation Models ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketimininEvaluating istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi System-Based quality dimensions in fitşeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA modeli with Unobservable and Measurement Eruygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotezof testleri ness services: Development the uygulanarak scale araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının edilmesi ror, Journal oftespit Marketing Research, 18, of quality, The hareket Service Industries yönünde edilmiş olup, yapılanJouristatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde 1, 39–50 edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz nal, 23(5),fiyatlarının 65-83 genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim aralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir. FORNELL, C., & WERNERFELT, B., CHIN, W.W.,Anahtar (1998). Commentary: issues Kelimeler : Elektrik, Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi,(1987). Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyatmarketing strategy by Defensive and option on structural equation modelcustomer complaint management: A theing, MIS Quarterly, 20 (1), 7-16 oretical analysis. Journal of Marketing ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES ACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND Research, 24(4), 337-346 HOUSES CROMPTON, J.L., & MACKAY, K.J., (1989). Users’ perceptions of thebyrelative GEFEN, STRAUB, Abstract: In this study prepared using data of TSI belonging toD., the years of 2012-2014,D.W., & BOUthe consumption of electricity and natural gas used in industry and houses is statistically DREAU, M.C., (2000), Structural equaimportance service quality dimensions analyzed. ANOVA model was applied tointhe study prepared with the use of different techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were and the and research was tionapplied modeling regression: Guidelines selected public recreation programs. Leimade more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices for research practice. Communications of sure Sciences, 11(4) the AIS, 4 (7), 1–78 CRONIN, J.J., & TAYLOR, S.A., (1992). HAIR, J.F., WILLIAM, C.B., BARRY, J., Measuring service quality: A re-examinaBABIN ROLPH E.A., & RONALD, tion and extension. Journal of Marketing, L.T., (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. 56(3), 55-68 6th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall DONABEDIAN, A., (1997). Special article:

HAIR, J.F., BLACK, B., BABIN, B., ANDERSON, R.E., & TATHAM, R.L., (2005). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

The quality of care: How can it be assessed? Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 121(11), 1145–1150 DONABEDIAN, A., (2005). Evaluating the quality of medical care. The Milbank

HOWAT, G., MURRAY, D., & CRILLEY, G., (1999). The relationships between

Quarterly, 83(4), 691 – 729 15

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service

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN problems and perceptions of İNCELENMESİ serKLINE, R.B., (2005). Principles

and practice

of structural equation modeling. New vice quality, satisfaction andMurat behavioral KORKMAZ, Hakan AÇIKGÖZ York. NY: Guilford Press intentions of Australian publicGüven sports and Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni 7 Aralık leisure center customers,1Kilis Journal ofÜniversitesi, Park Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü KOUTHOURIS, C., & ALEXANDRIS, K., and Recreation Administration, 17(2), (2005). Can service quality predict cus-

Özet : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi tomer satisfaction and behavioral intenşeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA modeli uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma dahainkapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. tions the sport tourism industry? An HOWAT, G., CRILLEY, G., & MCGRATH, Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi application ofgidilmiştir. the SERVQUAL model hareket edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca Elde R., (2008).yönünde A focused service quality, edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz in an outdoors setting, Journal of Sport benefits, overall satisfaction and loyalty fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim aralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir. Tourism, 10(2), 101-111

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(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008(MARKA Belge No: PATENT 12879 & ISO Belge No: 12880) NO:14001-2004 TRADEMARK) (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

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(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880) (ISO 9001-2008 Belge No: 12879 &NO: ISO TRADEMARK) 14001-2004 Belge No: 12880) (MARKA PATENT (2015/04315- 2015-GE-18972)

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SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN V.A., PARASURAMAN,İNCELENMESİ A., & ZEITHAML, V.A., & BITNER,

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yönünde hareket edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim aralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Elektrik, Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat

ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES ACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND HOUSES Abstract: In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, the consumption of electricity and natural gas used in industry and houses is statistically analyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared with the use of different techniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and the research was made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices

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