The Sequential Optimization-Constraint Multi-objective ... - cs.York

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Marc Sevaux, Kenneth Srensen and Vincent T'kindt (editors), ... ACM, 1998. [16] Castillo, O. and Trujillo, L. Multiple Objective Optimizations Genetic. Algorithms ...
 

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