Theory and Notion

Theory and Notion Arlene L. Dave, Ed. D. Teacher III, New Cabalan National High School-Senior High School Department, Division of Olongapo of the Department of Education, Philippines A Contribution to the Book entitled Non-Educational and Non-Technological Theories and Notions, and their Implications for Education and Technology: A Proposal by 200 Academics 21/02/2017

Theory: What is the name of the theory? Securitization List a maximum of five fields/domains that the theory belongs to? Technology, politics, sociology, history, economics List only two names of those who have written most about the theory, and reference only one of their publications? 1. Buzan, B. (1991) People, states and fear: An Agenda for security Analysis in the Post Cold War Era. Brighton: Weatsheaf 2. Taureck, R. (2006). Securitisation Theory and Securitisation Studies. Journal of International Relations and Development, (9) pp. 53-61 In plain and simple language and in a maximum of 90 words, define the theory? Securitization theory speaks about how an individual or group(s) of people protect, guard and preserve something very valuable from any threat or danger. It is an innate character of every person to shield himself/herself in order to survive. In doing so, s/he plans and designs measures to continuously exist. It also drives him/her to save all his/her possessions in many possible ways s/he can. The response to perceived threats, dangers or harms justifies the person’s right to do an emergency action to prevent, avoid and/or reduce them.

In plain and simple language and in a maximum of 110 words, argue for the value and implications of the theory? Securitization implies that any individual has this personal issue called fear of loss. In defense, it is a normal behavior of anyone to do extraordinary measures to handle threats and dangers that arise. The territorial mode of setting and establishing boundaries, policies and guiding principles is its effect. To a society, it is law. Securitizing authority or actor utilizes effectively both illocutionary and perlocutionary speeches to persuade the listeners to act and implement the set securitization processes. The trust to be protected by own society is built, while distrust and suspicion to others who do not belong is developed. In plain and simple language and in a maximum of 100 words, argue for the benefit or risk that this theory hold for the field of education and technology? In academia, securitization is well practiced in persuading the administrative personnel, the teaching staff and the students to like and accept the ‘beauty’ and promising advantages and profits of education and the aid of modern technology. Stability, abundance, good income, better life, greater accessibility and improved economic industries are motivating security aspirations. Promoting and imposing the importance of education and technology is securitization per se, making a society competent and globally competitive in different fields, turning each as functional literate and productive citizen of its country. Gaining and possessing more emerge that entails greater security. In plain and simple language and in a maximum of 50 words, argue for the risks or losses of not considering this theory in the field of education and technology?

Securitizing the citizens by providing access to quality education and utilization of technology in the chosen field is a prime obligation of any country. Otherwise, it is a failure towards growth and development. There is a need of governing policies to keep the education processes and the technology networks, utilization and production secured of its bounds. In plain and simple language and in a maximum of 50 words, argue for the challenges that might be faced when applying this theory to education and technology? Academic institutions and their government should be cautious to prevent mismatch of education courses (curricula) to the technology needs and operations of the country’s economic industries. Learners are the best asset to increase economic wealth and welfare of its citizens. Notion: What is the name of the notion? Power List a maximum of five fields/domains that the notion belongs to? Sociology, physics, politics, psychology, economics List only two names of those who have written most about the notion, and reference only one of their publications? 1. Russell, B. (1938). Power: A new social analysis. London: Allen and Unwin 2. John R. P. French, Jr. (1959). The Bases of Social Power. In plain and simple language and in a maximum of 90 words, define the notion? Power refers to the capacity of anyone to influence, direct, move, persuade others to behave, act, follow, agree or submit accordingly. Age, size, physical strength and

attributes, character, position in a society, wealth, profession, philosophy, sciences, inventor, speech, desire, law and others possess power. Any power can control, manipulate and command. It is autocratic in nature; yet its essence would always be based on the level of understanding, acceptance and perception of the power-holder and the recipients. Power can be intensified as to low or high, depending on the circumstances. In plain and simple language and in a maximum of 110 words, argue for the value and implications of the notion? Power is attractive and attracts more power. It enables companies to expand continuously to conquer and sustain its explicit and implicit agendas. Attraction comes when the basic needs are satisfied, and desires are met. Interested parties submit themselves into the system, and they are engaged to provide quality service, better performance, increased production, sales and profit. With power, resources become available. Consequently, the established system that functions well can attack the systems of other companies. This implies that power, itself, can destroy, divide or reduce the forces of other existing companies. Yet, this can be utilized as strategy to gain more by strengthening other’s companies. Greater power can diffuse its power to obtain more power. In plain and simple language and in a maximum of 100 words, argue for the benefit or risk that this notion hold for the field of education and technology? The importance of education and technology to an individual and to any nation conveys power. It is a global phenomenon. From the ancient time, education (process- how) and technology (material- what) are inseparable and have significance to peoples’ life since its objective is to improve life and the economy. Its gradual development from simple to complex has been powerful, growing into different bodies of knowledge that continuously branch out. New inventions, knowledge and techniques pave way to proliferation of formal schools, different career opportunities

and wider accessibility of information and resources; but costly. It entails huge budget to provide. In plain and simple language and in a maximum of 50 words, argue for the risks or losses of not considering this notion in the field of education and technology? Academia itself must employ its power to assure that the global standards are followed to enable graduates to contribute to the economic development of their country. By the power of laws, guidelines and accreditation processes of honest and determined authority, quality education would not suffer. In plain and simple language and in a maximum of 50 words, argue for the challenges that might be faced when applying this notion to education and technology? Since huge budget is needed, a developing country would use its power to find additional resources to sustain the needs of academia. Academia and industries must strengthen its relationship to have greater access on the needed new technologies and workforce.