ICMT2014, 7th -9th July 2014, Glasgow, UK
Carbon Capture and Storage Technology for Marine Application T M Rabiul Islam1*, Peilin Zhou1 1. Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0LZ, United Kingdom. Abstract: The effect of global warming in our environment is devastating. The consequence of global warming is environmental disaster. The largest Greenhouse Gas (GHG) contributor is Carbon Dioxide (CO2). The demand of marine CO2 emission reduction has strongly increased due to the threat of climate change and reduction of ships CO 2 emissions by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) is firmly committed to reducing its CO 2 emissions 20% by 2020. In this paper, a carbon capture and storage technology is considered for marine application with an estimation of the power requirement for implementing the technology. This paper begins by introducing the topic and stating its importance. The critical review examined several methods of addressing Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) from its capture methods to storage technologies. A case ship has been used to predict the engine power of the vessel by using “Free! Ship Plus version 3_37” software. The required power for operating the considered technology has been calculated by using “Mathcad 15”. CO2 pressure and temperature phase diagram has been considered to select an economical way to store and transport the captured CO2 for marine application. The CO2 capture and storage technology for marine application has been investigated where at chosen operating condition about 3.67% of the engine power has been required to implement the technology to maintain the commitment of ICS. Special consideration has been focused on the case ship characteristics, equipment, operations, safety and economics in order to consider cost effective technology for CO2 capture, storage and transport until discharge at the next suitable port. Keywords: CO2; Emission; Capture; Storage; Technology; Marine; Application Article ID: EV-SU-A
1 Introduction1 The average temperature increase of the earth’s atmosphere is called global warming and it’s caused by Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG). These gases trap infrared radiation in the atmosphere and direct it in all directions towards the surface of the earth thus causing the warming effect of the earth surface. Industrialisation combined with the desire for a better quality of life has been the main reasons which have led to the dramatically increase in the consumption of fossil fuels. Nuclear power is only one alternative technology to the fossil fuels to reduce the emissions which is very expensive. With no other alternative technology to replace fossil fuels and a steady increase in world population the amount of CO2 released from fossil fuel combustion to atmosphere will continue to rise. Diesel engines have emerged as the most widely used marine prime mover. While producing mechanical power output, a diesel engine also produces harmful emissions to the atmosphere. The overall impacts of engine emissions from shipping on climate change are complex, which are summarized conceptually in figure 1.
Received date: 30/04/2014 *Corresponding author Email:
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Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the overall impacts of emissions from the shipping sector on climate change.
(Buhaug, Ø et.al, 2009) CO2 is produced in abundance during fossil fuel combustion. Fossil fuels are made up of long chained hydrocarbons; it is a compound made up of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. When these hydrocarbons are burned in oxygen, the carbon and oxygen react to produce CO2. A general equation for this reaction is shown below: CmHn+O2+other CO2+H2O+ “other” In reality, there are other components that react during combustion such as; nitrogen in the air, which lead to NOx production. Sulphur impurities are also found in the heavy fuel oil (HFO) which leads to Sulphur Oxide (SOX) emissions. The CO2 is then emitted through the exhaust in to the atmosphere. The figure below gives a comparison between shipping CO2 emissions and total global emissions. and reduced. This is a global challenge to be addressed by
