Training Module to qualify plumber Technicians to

Training Module to qualify plumber Technicians to join maintenance group Maintenance and repair of Marwa pipeline and valves

EXPERT REPORT Submitted to GIZ Water management Reform Program (WMRP) Submitted by Prof. Dr. Samir M. Ismail Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Dept. Faculty of Agriculture – Alexandria University October, 2016

Topics:1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Improved Marwa pipeline components Methods of installing PVC pipes Methods of PVC repair Valves maintenance Instructions for installing buried PVC pipelines

Module Learning Objectives The Trainee will be able to: • • • • •

Describe Marwa pipeline components Identify the methods of installing PVC pipes Identify practical methods of PVC repair Describe and be able to do valve maintenance Know the instructions for installing buried PVC pipelines

Training duration Two days (at the discretion of the training provider).

Methods of installing PVC pipes A- Method of rubber ring joint installation: 1- Ensure that the mating areas of spigot and socket are thoroughly clean. 2- Setting the rubber ring in grove. 3- Assess the full socket depth by simple measurement and mark spigot accordingly. 4- Apply lubricant to the spigot side and to the inside of the joint on rubber. 5- Accurate axial alignment of the spigot and socket prior to jointing is important, hand feed spigot into rubber joint until resistance from the inner sealing section is felt. 6- Bar and block assembly is recommended because a worker is able feel the amount of force being used and whether the joint goes together smoothly.

7- If undue resistance to pipe insertion is encountered, disassemble the joint and check the position of the rubber ring.

B- Method of solvent welded joint: 1- The matting surface of the spigot and socket must be wiped with cleaning fluid to remove any adhering mud and grit. 2- Mark on the spigot the full depth of insertion into the socket lightly roughen the penetration length of the spigot and the interior of the socket with emery cloth. 3- Using a clean rag or absorbent paper and cleaning fluid thoroughly clean the matting surface of both spigot and socket ensure that no moisture remains on the areas to be jointed. 4- Apply solvent cement sparingly in an even layer, to the internal surface of the socket apply solvent cement liberally to the matting surface of the spigot. Use a new, inexpensive paint brush of suitable size. Always lay on the solvent cement lengthwise and not with a circular motion. 5- With the initial pipe length suitable anchored, immediately push, the spigot end fully home, without turning the pipe. Wipe off with a rag surplus cement around the outside of completed joint.

6- The completed joint should not be disturbed for about five minutes, after which it may be handled with reasonable care. Hydraulic testing to 1 1/2 times working pressure may take place 24 hours after completion of joint; working pressure may be applied after 8 hours.

1 Cleaning

2 Apply solvent cement

3 Insert spigot into socket

4 Wipe off with a rag surplus cement around the outside of completed joint

Methods of PVC repair Cast lron repair couplings are designed to slide over PVC pipe in order to effect a repair. The couplings are rated to class 16 and are easily installed on the smooth constant outside diameter of the PVC pipe. The following diagrams indicate the method of use. 1- BROKEN PIPE

2- REMOVES BROKEN SECTION

3- After chamfering ends with file, measure half of repair coupling and mark each pipe end as shown. Using lubricant liberally, install repair couplings.

4- Cut and chamfer new section of pipe and make the same marks equal to approximately half the coupling length as shown.

5- Tap couplings into place using rubber mallet or hammer and drift.

Valves Maintenance Valve maintenance includes:• • • •

Clean valve from dust and mud Grease valve handle screw Change and fix rubber gasket Tighten screws well

Malfunction and Troubleshooting of Butterfly valve

Malfunction condition：Sealing surface leakage Reason： 1.The dirt,silt,or other foreign matteris mingled with between sealing face. 2.Sealing face/sealing ring is damaged. 3.Sealing surface is touching surplus capacity is too small or tightening screws avoid loosening. 4.Disc closure is not in place or off overdone. Troubleshooting： 1.Clean the sealing face. 2.Sealing ring is damaged when it is repaired or replaced. 3.Tighten screws well distributed. 4.Adjust the position of limit bolts on the disc.

Instructions for installing PVC underground pipeline The instructions for installing underground pvc pipes are mentioned and explained in the following open access internet site. http://www.vinidex.com.au/technical/pvc-pressure-pipe/below-ground-installation/

LAYING OF UPVC PIPES 1- TRENCHING:

Trench should not be opened for too great a time in advance of pipe lying. The minimum width of the trench base should be the O.D of the pipe plus 300mm. Excavation depth should be 100mm below final invert level of drainpipe. Soft spots must be tempted hard using broken stone or gravel and large objects such as flints, tree roots, etc., should be removed. Depth of cover should be at least 1m from top of pipe to ground surface. 2-BEDDING AND PIPE LAYING:

Lay a minimum 100mm bed of suitable material on the trench bottom to the orrect fall of the drain. (Many finely grained soils such as course sand, gravel or loam, as excavated from the trench are suitable for bedding provided that they are free from large or sharp stones). Clay and hard chalk are not suitable and in their place imported granula material should be used such as gravel or broken stone 5 to 10mm in size. The drain is laid on the prepared bed and care should be taken to ensure the pipe is supported throughout its entire length. Bricks, etc., should not be used as temporary support for the pipes. Directional changes in the pipe can be achieved by using pre-formed bends, but very small deflections can be accommodated by using rubber ring joints to avoid ingress of dirt and foreign matter. 3- BACK FILLING

Place further bedding material at the sides of the pipe and compact well. Cover the crown of the pipe to a depth of 100 mm with a similar material (larger diameter pipes should have a 150mm cover of compacted well). Excavated material can now be returned to the trench. This should be compacted by hand up to 300mm above the crown of the pipe after which a mechanical hammer may be used.

‫البرنامج التدريبي لفني السباكة لتأهيله للعمل بمجموعات‬ ‫الصيانة‬ ‫علي‬

‫صيانة وإصالح خطوط المواسير والمحابس للمراوي‬ ‫المحتويات‬ ‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫مكونات المراوي المطورة‬ ‫طرق تركيب خطوط المواسير بي في سي‬ ‫طرق إصالح كسور المواسير وقطع اإلتصال‬ ‫صيانة المحابس‬ ‫تعليمات تركيب المواسير بي في سي المدفونة تحت سطح األرض‬

‫مكونات المراوي المطورة‬ ‫تتكون المراوي من خطوط مواسير مصنوعة من مادة البي في سي بأقطار تبدأ من ‪ 8‬بوصة طبقا للمساحة التي يخدمها المروي ويبدأ‬ ‫المروي بمأخذه من محبس الفراشة علي المسقي‪ .‬ويركب علي خط المواسير للمروي محابس حديد تسمي ألفاألفا قطر ‪ 150‬مم ويتكون‬ ‫من محبس مصنوع من الحديد ويد التشغيل للنحكم في الفتح والغلق والمحبس مركب علي وصلة صاعدة علي شكل حرف تي من مواسير‬ ‫قطر ‪ 160‬مم بإرتفاع في حدود ‪ 80‬سم ويحيط بالمحبس فاروغة تتكون من ماسورة من الخرسانة المسلحة قطر داخلي ‪ 60‬سم وإرتفاع‬ ‫‪ 60‬سم بها فتحة بقطر ‪ 25‬سم علي مسافة ‪ 10‬سم من الفتحة السفلية والفاروغة مثبتة علي قاعدة من الخرسانة العادية بأبعاد‬ ‫‪ 20××80×80‬سم وأسفل الفاروغة علي عمق ‪ 25‬سم من سطح األرض كما هو موضح بالشكل‪.‬‬

‫محبس الفاالفا مركب علي وصلة تي علي خط المروي‬

‫الفروغة بداخلها محبس الفالفا ومثبتة علي القاعدة الخرسانية‬

‫الفاروغة بداخلها محبس ألفاألفا‬

‫الفاروغة مثبتة علي القاعدة الخرسانية‬

‫طريقة تركيب خطوط المواسير بي في سي‬

‫أوالً‪ :‬طريقة تركيب المواسير ذات الرأس بالحلقة المطاط‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬يتم إدخال (ذيل الماسورة) فى الرأس (بدون حلقة مطاط) وتوضع عالمة دائرية لتحديد مسافة التداخل‬ ‫بين الرأس والذيل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬يتم تنظيف الحلقة المطاط وكذلك السطح الداخلى لتجويف رأس الماسورة جيداً‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬لسهولة تركيب الحلقة فى تجويف الرأس يجب اتباع الخطوات الموضحة بالرسم‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬يتم تنظيف الطرف المشطوف (ذيل الماسورة) إلزالة أية أجسام أو شحومات عالقة‪ .‬وذلك بسائل‬ ‫التنظيف ثم توضع الحلقة فى التجويف‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬يتم دهان الجزء المشطوف بالسائل الصابونى أو بالشحم النباتى وكذلك وضع كمية قليلة من نفس السائل‬ ‫على حرف الحلقة المطاطية دائريا ً فقط وبدقة لتسهيل عملية التركيب‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬يتم وضع الرأس والذيل على استقامة واحدة ويتم دفعهما فى حركة واحدة إلتمام عملية التركيب‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬المقاسات الكبيرة أكثر من ‪ 280‬مم‪ ،‬يتم استخدام زرجينة إلدخال ذيل الماسورة فى الرأس‪.‬‬

‫ثانياً‪ :‬طريقة تركيب المواسير باللصق‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬يتم إدهال ذيل الماسورة فى الرأس وتوضع عالمة دائرية لتحديد مسافة التداخل بين الرأس والذيل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬يتم سنفرة (شطف) ذيل الماسورة بمبرد مناسب وخصوصا ً فى حالة قطع المواسير فى موقع العمل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬يتم تنظيف رأس وذيل الماسورة جيداً بقطعة من القماش الجاف النظيف‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ترج المادة الالصقة جيداً قبل االستعمال‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬يتم دهان المادة الالصقة بفرشاة نظيفة مناسبة لقطر الماسورة وذلك فى اتجاه واحد على ذيل الماسورة‬ ‫داخل الرأس‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬يتم إدخال الذيل فى رأس الماسورة بكامل مسافة التداخل المحددة بالعالمة على ذيل الماسورة مع‬ ‫مراعاة عدم تحريك الماسورة فى اتجاه دائرى‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬يتم اختبار تشغيل الخط بعد مرور ‪ 24‬ساعة على إتمام عملية اللصق‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬يراعى عدم ترك المادة الالصقة مفتوحة حتى ال تتعرض للجفاف‪.‬‬

‫مسح بواقي اللصق‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫إدخال الذيل في رأس ‪3‬‬ ‫الماسورة‬

‫وضع اللصق‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫التنظيف‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫طرق إصالح كسور المواسير‬ ‫أ‪ -‬الطريقة الشائعة والمتبعة محليا في إصالح كسور المواسير‬ ‫تم عمل بيان عملي لما هو متبع فعليا في تصنيع الوصلة تي وإصالح كسور خطوط المواسير بي في سي كما هو المتبع مع فريق‬ ‫الصيانة الذي قام بتشكيله وحدة مشروعات تطوير الري الحقلي‪.‬‬

‫ب‪ -‬الطريقة الموصي بها من الشركات المصنعة‬ ‫في هذه الطريقة يتم إستخدام جلبة إصالح من الحديد الزهر قطرها يالئم األقطار الخارجية لمواسير بي في سي كما يلي‬ ‫‪ -1‬الخط المكسور من البي في سي كما في الشكل التوضيحي‬

‫‪ -2‬قطع الجزء المكسور من الخط‬

‫‪ -3‬بعد تنظيف وشطف النهاية بالمبرد يتم وضع عالمة عند نصف طول جلبة اإلصالح ثم بإستخدام الشحم أو السئل الصابوني يتم‬ ‫تركيب جلية اإلصالح‬

‫‪ .4‬قم بقطع قطعة ماسورة بدال من المكسورة وشطف بالمبرد ثم ضع العالمات عليها بما يساوي نصف طول الجلبة كما في‬ ‫الشكل‪.‬‬

‫‪ .5‬شد جلب اإلصالح جهة الماسورة إلدخالها حتي العالمة في الجهتين‬

‫صيانة المحابس‬ ‫تتلخص صيانة المحابس في تنظيفها من األتربة والطين وتشحيم الفتيل وتغيير الجوان المطاطي وتثبيته في حالة تلفه مع إعادة تربيط‬ ‫المسامير‪.‬‬

‫صيانة محبس الفراشة‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫تنظيف الجوانات‬ ‫تغيير حلقات منع التسرب‬ ‫تربيط المسامير‬

‫تعليمات تركيب المواسير بي في سي المدفونة تحت سطح األرض‬ ‫أ ‪ -‬يتم حفر الخنـدق الالزم لتركيب المواسيـر ‪ P.V.C‬فى خطوط مستقيمة على أال يقل عمق خندق‬ ‫الحفر عن ‪0.80‬متر فوق الراسم العلوي للماسوره ال ‪p.v.c‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬قبل تركيب المواسير يجب وضع فرشة من التربة الرملية النظيفة أسفل المواسير بسمك ‪15‬سم أو‬ ‫‪ 3/1‬قطـر الماسورة أيهمـا أكبـر وبعـرض ال يقـل عن طول قطـر الماسورة مضافا ً إليه ‪30‬سم ‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬يجب مراعاة عدم وجود مياه بالخندق لذلك يجب صرفها والتحكم فى مناسيبها لضمان عدم حدوث‬ ‫أى أضرار بالمواسير عند تنفيذ الوصالت ‪.‬‬

: ‫ يجب مراعاة اآلتى‬P.V.C ‫ عند توصيل المواسيـر‬- ‫د‬ . ‫) يجب أن تنظف أطراف المواسير التى ستدخل فى المشتركات والذيول‬1( . ً ‫) يجب أن يكون السطح الداخلى لكل من الجلبة والرأس والذيل نظيفا ً وجافا‬2( . ‫) يجب تشحيم كل من الحلقة الكاوتش وكذلك الطرف المشطوف‬3( ‫ ) توضع الماسورتان المراد توصيلهما على استقامة واحدة ثم تدفع الماسورة المراد تركيبها‬4( . ‫تجاه األخرى حتى يتم التوصيل‬ ‫سم حول‬15 ‫ بعد االنتهاء من تركيب المواسير يتم الردم حول المواسير بالتربة الرملية النظيفة بسمك‬- ‫ز‬ ‫سم من سطح األرض‬30 ‫الماسورة وأعلى الماسورة بمقدار‬ ‫ يراعي إجراء إختبار ضغط للمياه في الخط قبل الردم للتأكد من عدم وجود تسريبات في الخط‬-‫ص‬ .‫وخاصة عند الوصالت‬ ‫مراجع منشورة للمؤلف‬ REFERENCES :

1. Ismail, S.M. 1990 (1411 A.H.). Operation and maintenance of center-pivot sprinkler irrigation systems. Extension Service Bulletin No.27. King Saud Univ. 16 pages. 2. Ismail, S. M. 1994. Operation and maintenance of sprinkler irrigation system (IFAD) 20 pages. 3. Ismail, S. M. 1996. Drip Irrigation in New Lands (IFAD) 29 pages. 4. Ismail, S.M.1999. Improving the Performance of Hand-Move Sprinkler Irrigation System (IFAD) 18 pages. 5. Ismail, S.M. 1999. Pumps Operations and Maintenance (IFAD) 36 pages. 6. Ismail, S.M. 1999. Pumps Trouble Shootings and Repairs. (IFAD) 63 pages. 7. Ismail, S.M. 1999. The Technology of Injecting Fertilizers in Irrigation Water (IFAD) 30 pages. 8. Ismail, S.M. 2003. Modern irrigation systems – operation & maintenance (EU) 15 pages, (English & Arabic versions). 9. Ismail, S.M. 2003. Improving sprinkler irrigation systems efficiency (EU) 11 pages, (English & Arabic versions). 10. Ismail, S. M 2013.Recommendations for Operation and Periodic Maintenance of Irrigation Systems. ARDF / MOALR. 20 pages. 11. Ismail, S. M 1986. Design of Farm Irrigation Systems. Alexandria University. 530 pages. 12. Ismail, S. M 1990. Irrigation and drainage . Vocational Education, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia. 233 pages. 13. Ismail, S. M 1996. Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation.In “Soil and water, Fertilization, and Irrigation in Desert Land” Training manual. DDC, AUC. ISBN 977-414-1. 89 pages.

14. Ismail, S. M 2001. Pumps and Open Channel Hydraulics. Bustan Al-marafa Press and Publishing Co. 290 pages. ISBN 977-6015-17-4. 15. Ismail, S. M 2002. Design and Management of Field Irrigation Systems. Monshaat ElMaarief, Alexandria. 645 pages. ISBN 977-03-1075-1. 16. Ismail, S. M 2009. Modern Irrigation Systems . Bustan Al-marafa Press and Publishing Co. 136 pages. ISBN 977-393-140-4. 17. Ismail, S. M 2013. Planning and Design of Irrigation Systems. Bustan Al-marafa Press and Publishing Co. 472 pages. ISBN 977-393-144-x. 18. S. M. Ismail, T. K. Zien El-Abedin, and M. A. Wassif, M. N. El-nesr, 2015.Chapter one in Research advances in sustainable micro irrigation; volume 2, edited by Megh R. Goyal, CRC Press, USA, Chap. 1. Subsurface Drip Irrigation: Wetting Pattern Simulation—. 19. Ismail, S. M. 2004. Water Management Chapter. In " Replication User Manual". EU – BADP. 20. Ismail, S.M., 2016. Capacity Development Measures of relevant Stakeholder for Improved Maintenance and Repairs Service for Irrigation infrastructure at Tertiary Level. GIZ Water Management Reform Programme (WMRP) Consultancy report. Contract no. 83229354. . 21. Ismail, S.M. April, 2006. - EVALUATION OF ON-FARM IRRIGATION SYSTEMS' EFFICIENCIES In ISIIMM Egypt's Sites. TOR#8/EG/Y3/IrrigEffic. 22. Ismail, S.M. March, 2003. Survey on operational conditions of on-farm irrigation systems managed by WUUs. Bustan Agricultural Development Project. Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt. European Commission No SEM/02/220/039 & SEM/03/220/042. 23. Ismail, S.M. April, 2003. Field evaluation of sprinkler irrigation systems managed by WUUs in Bustan Area. Bustan Agricultural Development Project. Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt. European Commission No SEM/02/220/039 & SEM/03/220/042. 24. Ismail, S.M. May, 2003. Water productivity of cropping pattern in Demo Farms. Bustan Agricultural Development Project. Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt. European Commission No SEM/02/220/039 & SEM/03/220/042. 25. Ismail, S.M. June, 2004. Irrigation Systems survey and evaluations in Bustan 1, 2, and 3. Bustan Agricultural Development Project. Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt. European Commission No SEM/02/220/039 & SEM/03/220/042.. 26. Westesen, G. L., and S. M. Ismail, 1983. The influence of cover screen size on washtub evaporation, ASAE paper No. PNR 83-202, Victoria, B.C. 27. Ismail, S. M., and G.L. Westesen, 1983. Automatic drop gate for surge flow irrigation. ASAE paper No. PNR 83-205, Victoria, B.C., 17p. 28. Ismail, S.M., and G.L. Westesen, 1984. Surge flow border irrigation using an automatic gate. ASAE Summer Meeting paper No. 84-2092, Knoxville, Tennessee, 13p. 29. Westesen, G.L., and S.M. Ismail, 1984. The use of dosing siphon for surge flow irrigation. ASAE paper No. PNR 84-201, Kennewick, WA, 13p.

30. Ismail, S.M., G.L. Westesen, and W.E. Larsen, 1985. Surge flow border irrigation using an automatic drop gate. Trans. of ASAE. 28(2) :532-536. 31. Westesen, G.L., and S. M. Ismail. 1985. Evaporation from washtubs covered by various size screens. Applied Engineering in Agriculture of ASAE Vol.1(2): 100-102. 32. Ismail, S.M. 1985. Water distribution under low-pressure center-pivot system. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 2(4): 81-96.

sprinkler irrigation

33. Ismail, S.M. 1986. Kinetic Energy of water droplets at terminal velocity under spray and revolving sprinkler. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 3(4):43-57. 34. Ismail, S. M. 1987. Sprinkler catch-cans test for estimating impact energy and droplet size distribution. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 4(1): 63-78. 35. Ismail, S.M., and S.F. Ahmed. 1987. An automatic valve for surge flow surface irrigation. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 4(4): 406-418. 36. Ahmed, S.F., S.M. Ismail, and S.S. Sadaka. 1987. Effect of compaction on soil hydraulic conductivity in some Egyptian soils. Egyptian. J. Appl. Sci. Supplementary Issue. December: 313-322. 37. Ahmed, S.F., S.M. Ismail, and S.S. Sadaka. 1988. Compaction by different tractor types in silt-loam and sandy-clay soils. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 5(2):129-139. 38. Ismail, S.M. 1993 (1413 A.H.). Optimal irrigation and wheat yield response water. J. King Saud Univ., Vol.5, Agric. Sci. (1),pp.41-56.

to applied

39. Ismail, S.M. 1993 (1413 A.H.). Reference evapotranspiration study in Al- Qassim Region. J. King Saud Univ., Vol.5, Agric. Sci. (2), pp.17-27. 40. Ismail, S.M. 1992. Characterizing micro-irrigation emission devices performance. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 9(3):325-334. 41. Ismail, S.M., and T.M. Shehab El-Din. 1992. Wheat yield response to water and under sprinkler irrigation. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 9(4):617-623.

nitrogen

42. Ismail, S.M. 1993. Soil-wick self-regulating subsurface irrigation.. Misr J.Ag.Eng.(1993), 10(1):44-52. 43. Ismail, S.M. 1993. Development of irrigation crop coefficients for wheat in Al-Qassim region. Arab Gulf J. Science. Res. 11(1). pp. 57-67. 44. Ismail, S.M., and A.W. Etman.1993. Potatoes yield response under sprinkler irrigation. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 10(2):300-310.

and trickle

45. Ismail, S.M. 1993. Hydraulic simulation of drip irrigation system. Alex. J. Agric. Res. 38(2):25-43. 46. Ismail, S.M. 1993. Predicting and improving surface irrigation performance. Alex. J. Agric. Res. 38(3):23-49. 47. Ismail, S.M. 1993. Sprinkler-irrigated wheat production function and mathematical optimization. Alex. J. Agric. Res. 38(3):51-69.

48. Ismail, S.M., A. Metwally, and M. A. Sabbah 1996. Irrigation Systems Evaluation in Desert Farming. -Paper presented at the 3rd AUC Research Conference “ Sustainable Development in Egypt: Current and Emerging Challenges”. The American University in Cairo, April 21-22. 49. Sharaf, G. A. and S.M. Ismail 1996. Hydraulic modeling of dual-chamber tubing. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 13(1): 122 - 138 . 50. Sharaf, G. A., T.K. Zin El-Abedin, and S.M. Ismail 1996. Subsurface dripperline irrigation system. I. Hydraulic analysis. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 13(3): 575-588. 51. Zin El-abedin, T.K., G.A. Sharaf, and S.M. Ismail 1996. Subsurface dripperline irrigation system. II. Modeling the soil-moisture distribution. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 13(3): 589-604. 52. Zin El-abedin, T.K., and S.M. Ismail 1998.Infiltration Rate Under Surge Irrigation Regime. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 15(2): 413-430. 53. Sadaka, S. S., S.F. Ahmed, and S. M. Ismail 1998. Design and construction of a recording cone penetrometer. 1st International Conference on Rationalization of energy in Agriculture. Mansoura Univ. 17 – 18 March, 1998. (221 – 234) 54. Ismail, S.M. 1998. Bypass Flow Meter for Irrigation Flow Measurements. Paper No. 982182 presented at the 1998 ASAE meeting. Orlando, Florida July 11-16. 55. Sabbah, M.A., S.M. Ismail, and H. El-Awady 1999. Irrigation, Recycling and Environment. Seminar on Irrigation and Water Management in North Africa. Cairo, 9-12 October 1999. 56. Zin El-abedin, T.K., and S.M. Ismail 1999.Estimation and Analysis of Water Advance in Surface Irrigation. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 16(4): 720-744. 57. Mahmoud, M.R., Sayed, M. Atef, and Samir M. Ismail 1999. Water Utilization Efficiency and Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Inter-Cropping Summer Vegetable Crops At Bustan Region. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci; 14 (9) 259-269. 58. Mahmoud, M.R., Sayed, M. Atef, and Samir M. Ismail 1999.Effect of Inter-Cropping Winter Vegetables on Fresh Yield and Water& Fertilizers Utilization Efficiency. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci; 14 (9) 270-281. 59. Ismail, S.M., E. R. ElAshry, G. A. Sharaf, and M. N. El-Nesr 2000. Computer Aided of Trickle Irrigation Systems. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 17(4):243-260.

Design

60. Ismail, S.M., T.K. Zin El-abedin, A. Wassif, and M. N. El-Nesr 2006. Wetting pattern simulation of surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems. I- Model development. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 23(3):722-746. 61. Ismail, S.M., T.K. Zin El-abedin, A. Wassif, and M. N. El-Nesr 2006. Wetting pattern simulation of surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems. II- Model validation and analysis. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 23(4):1035-1057. 62. Ismail, S.M., T.K. Zin El-abedin, A. Wassif, and M. N. El-Nesr 2006 Drip irrigation systems in sandy soil using physical and hydraulic barriers. Misr J. Ag. Eng. 23(4):1021-1034. 63. Ismail, S.M., T.K. Zin El-abedin and A. Abdel-Ala 2008. A simple equation to estimate the recommended emitters spacing to suit the root depth and soil texture. J. Saudi Soc. for Agric. Sci. Vol. 7, No 2; 2008 (43-57).

64. Ismail, S.M., T.K. Zin El-abedin, M.M. Al-helifi, and M. T. El-Tantawy 2013. Effect of treated waste water on emitters clogging. Egypt J. Agric. Res., 92(2A). 3rd Int. Con. For Agricultural & Bio-Eng. Cairo Nov. 24,2013. 65. Ismail, S.M., T.K. Zin El-abedin, A. Omara, and E. Abdel-Tawab, 2014. Modeling the Soil Wetting Pattern under Pulse and Continuous Drip Irrigation. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14(9): 913-922. 66. Ismail, S.M., ,A. Zein-Eldin, T.K. Zin El-abedin and A. Hedia,2014. Validation and Utilization of the Soil Conservation Services (SCS) for Furrow Irrigation Design Method. Asian Journal of Science and Technology. Vol.5, Issue 12,pp.745-754, December, 2014. 67. Ismail, S.M., T.K. Zin El-abedin, D. El-Ansary, and A. Abdel-Al, 2015. Modification of FAO Crop Model to Simulate Yield Response to Water for Peach Trees. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 32 (1): 145 – 172. 68. Ismail, S.M., A. Omara, D. El-Ansary, and Vian Hamada, 2015. Water Production Function and Mathematical Optimization of Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigated Peach. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 32 (3): 1077 – 1100. 69. Ismail, S.M., A. S. Kassem, M. A. El-Saadawy, A.I. Omara and A. I. Abd El-Hakim, 2015. RO Desalination system for Irrigation Purposes: I. Modeling and Optimization. Misr J. Ag.Eng. Dec. 2015. 70. Ismail, S.M., A. S. Kassem, M. A. El-Saadawy, A.I. Omara and A. I. Abd El-Hakim, 2015. RO Desalination system for Irrigation Purposes: II. A case study. Misr J. Ag.Eng. Dec. 2015. 71. Shahin, K.K, A. Ahmed, Samir M. Ismail, A. Zein ElDin. 2016. Sustainable Treatment for High Iron Concentration in Groundwater for Irrigation Purposes. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Vol 1(2) pp. 010-016August, 2016.http://www.unifiedjournals.org/jswc.