Virtual Reality In Sports Research & Training

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Gray, R. (2009). How do batters use visual, auditory, and tactile information about the success of a baseball swing? Research Quarterly for Exercise. & Sport, 80 ...
Virtual Reality In Sports Research & Training: Where Have We Been And Where Should We Be Going? Rob Gray Arizona State University

A Sports VR Renaissance

Why Use VR in Sports? • Three main objectives of VR: “Train, explain and/or entertain” – Possible training benefits: • Can get more “reps” than are possible with physical practice • Increased motivation as a result of higher level of engagement/presence • Can experience rare events (e.g., a curved free kick in soccer) at a much higher frequency

My Experience

→ 1999 2015 Evolution of my baseball batting sim: http://perceptionaction.com/batsim/

A Few Lessons I Have Learned • Perception-Action De-Coupling • Importance of Well-Timed, Multisensory Feedback • Superficial vs Deep Fidelity

Perception Action (De)Coupling • Is making a judgment about a particular situation without actually executing the action really an effective way to train? – Can we de-couple perception and action? Perception

Actions

Passive Judgements

Simulated action

No Feedback

Feedback

Gray, R., Regan, D. Castaneda, B., & Sieffert, R. (2006). Role of feedback in the accuracy of perceived direction of motion in depth and control of interceptive action. Vision Research, 46, 1676-1694.

Summary • Feedback during training does not seem to improve perception but rather improves the calibration between perception and action – Makes sense b/c this relationship is constantly changing (e.g., due to fatigue, weather, etc)

• Decoupling may be a bad idea for training • May be useful once skill is well-learned, however (e.g., anticipation skills)

Importance of Well-Timed, Multisensory Feedback

• Tactile and auditory information given at the point of contact seems to be critical for realism and adjusting swing (even if info is very crude) Gray, R. (2009). How do batters use visual, auditory, and tactile information about the success of a baseball swing? Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 80, 491-501.

Superficial vs Deep Fidelity • Fidelity - degree to which simulation looks, sounds and feels like actual environment • Usually assessed very superficially. – Can lead to poor psychological fidelity (e.g., distortion of perceptual cues)

Simulated Soccer Header Study

Correct

No exp.

Making object looks “superficially” realistic can actually impair performance if the temporal dynamics are not also correct

Conclusions • VR Training Theory is WAY behind the technology – We still have a long way to go to understand what does/doesn’t matter

• Crucial to consider goal – Novice acquisition or practice for experts?

• Evaluate fidelity in context of your sport – Is perceptual information simulated accurately? – Small discrepancies (e.g., in timing) can matter

More info/shameless plug

Search “Perception Action Podcast”

http://perceptionaction.com/ CB door