Due to the rapid advances in data storage, data compression, ... interrelationship between each data point in m ... poin
9,68&9,GHR6XPPDUL]DWLRQZLWK8VHU &XVWRPL]DWLRQ 5DPHVZDU3DQGD6DQMD\..XDQDU$QDQGD6&KRZGKXU\ ^UDPHVZDUVDQMD\NXDQDU`#JPDLOFRP^DVFKRZGKXU\#HWFHMGYXDFLQ` 'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWURQLFVDQG7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ -DGDYSXU8QLYHUVLW\.RONDWD±,QGLD $EVWUDFW ±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
,QGH[7HUPV9LGHR6WRU\ERDUG'HODXQD\*UDSKV(GJH3UXQLQJ 8VHUFXVWRPL]DWLRQ*DXVVLDQGLVWULEXWLRQ
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
c 978-1-4673-4698-6 2012 IEEE
GHSHQGVRQXVHULQSXWVDQGRUFHUWDLQWKUHVKROGSDUDPHWHUV> @7KLVW\SHRIGHSHQGHQF\RQWKUHVKROGSDUDPHWHUVPDNHVWKH FOXVWHULQJ SURFHVV YHU\ H[SHQVLYH DQG WLPH FRQVXPLQJ 6RPH UHFHQW DSSURDFKHV XVH WKH QRWLRQ RI VLPLODULW\ EHWZHHQ VXFFHVVLYH IUDPHV WR REWDLQ WKH NH\ IUDPHV >@ +RZHYHU FKRLFH RI VLPLODULW\ PHDVXUHV JUHDWO\ LQIOXHQFHV WKH HIIHFWLYH FRQWHQW UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH NH\ IUDPH VHW $YLOD HW DO SUHVHQWHG 96800 9LGHR 6800DUL]DWLRQ DQ DSSURDFK WR FRSH ZLWK WKH YLGHR VXPPDUL]DWLRQ SUREOHP LQ ZKLFK WKH FOXVWHULQJ VWHS LV REWDLQHG XVLQJ WKH NPHDQV DOJRULWKP >@ .H\ IUDPHV SURGXFHG E\ WKLV DOJRULWKP IDLO WR SUHVHUYH ODUJH SRUWLRQRIWKHYLGHRFRQWHQWGXHWRVHYHUDOOLPLWDWLRQVRIWKHN PHDQVDOJRULWKPVXFKDVFLUFXODUSRODUL]DWLRQDQGKLJKFKDQFH RI WUDSSLQJ DW ORFDO PLQLPD 0RUHRYHU WKH QXPEHU FOXVWHUV SURGXFHGE\DVKRWERXQGDU\GHWHFWLRQPHWKRGLVQRWDFFXUDWH DV VHYHUDO W\SHV RI WUDQVLWLRQV DUH SUHVHQW ZLWKLQ VXFFHVVLYH VKRWVHJ IDGHLQ IDGHRXWDEUXSWFXW 7KLV PDNHVWKHVKRW GHWHFWLRQ PHWKRG FRPSXWDWLRQDOO\ LQWHQVLYH IRU GLIIHUHQW JHQUHVRIYLGHRVKDYLQJODUJHQXPEHURIYLGHRIUDPHV$QRWKHU GUDZEDFN RI WKLV VFKHPH LV WKH FRPSOHWH ODFN RI XVHU FXVWRPL]DWLRQ ,Q WKLV SDSHU ZH SUHVHQW 9,68& 9LGHR 6XPPDUL]DWLRQZLWK8VHU&XVWRPL]DWLRQ DQRYHO'HODXQD\ JUDSKEDVHG FOXVWHULQJ DOJRULWKP ZLWK VHYHUDO LPSURYHPHQWV RYHU>@$'HODXQD\*UDSKEDVHGFOXVWHULQJPHWKRGFDOOHG *OREDOVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQUHGXFWLRQ*6'5B'& FDQEHIRXQG LQ >@ 2XU PHWKRG VSOLWV WKH 'HODXQD\ JUDSK XVLQJ D EHWWHU HGJH SUXQLQJ VWUDWHJ\ ZKHUH VHOHFWLRQ RI D SURSHU HGJH LV GHWHUPLQHG XVLQJ VWDQGDUG GHYLDWLRQ DQG DYHUDJH RI HGJH OHQJWKV0RUHRYHUWKHSURSRVHGPHWKRGZDVGHVLJQHGWRRIIHU XVHUFXVWRPL]DWLRQ,QSDUWLFXODUXVHUVFDQVSHFLI\WKHQXPEHU RINH\IUDPHVWKH\DFWXDOO\ZDQWWRYLHZDQGDOVRVSHFLI\WKH WLPH WKH\ DUH ZLOOLQJ WR ZDLW +HQFH YLVXDO G\QDPLFV RI WKH IUDPHV DUH FDSWXUHG EHWWHU DQG D PRUH LQIRUPDWLYH YLGHR VXPPDUL]DWLRQLVDFKLHYHGZLWKEHWWHUXVHUSHUFHSWLRQ
,, 7+(25(7,&$/)281'$7,216 2XUFOXVWHULQJVWUDWHJ\LVEDVHGRQHIILFLHQWSUXQLQJRIHGJHV LQ D 'HODXQD\ JUDSK WR SURYLGH WKH QXPEHU RI NH\ IUDPHV DV LQGLFDWHG E\ D XVHU 6RPH XVHIXO GHILQLWLRQV UHODWHG WR WKLV PHWKRGDUHSURYLGHGLQWKLVVHFWLRQ 'HILQLWLRQ'HODXQD\WULDQJXODWLRQ'7 RIDSRLQWVHWLVWKH VWUDLJKWOLQHGXDORIWKH9RURQRL'LDJUDPXVHGWRUHSUHVHQWWKH
89
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ଵ ȁ݁ ȁ ሺͳሻ úሺܦሺܲሻሻ ൌ σே ே ୀଵ UHGXFH WKH WRWDO QXPEHU RI SURFHVVHHG IUDPHV :H KDYH YDULHG WKH VDPSOLQJ UDWH EHWZHHQ DQG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH LQSXW 1HGJHVLQ'3 :KHUHúሺܦሺܲሻሻ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ܹ̱ܰሺúǡ ߪሻሺʹሻ VHOHFWHG IUDPH WR IRUP WKH IUDP PHIHDWXUH YHFWRU )RU RXU SUREOHPHDFKIUDPHLVUHSUHVHQWWHGE\DUDQJHVRI ,Q HTXDWLRQ úܽ݊݀ߪ UHVSHFWLYHO\ UHSSUHVHQWV WKH PHDQ + UDQJHV RI 6 DQG UDQJHV RI 9 GLPHQVLRQDO IHDWXUH DQGWKHVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQRIWKHQRUPDOGLVWWULEXWLRQ$YHUDJH YHFWRU +69 FRORU VSDFH LV FKR RVHQ DV LW FDSWXUHV KXPDQ ZHLJKW ǒ RI WKH HGJHV LQ WKH HQWLUH 'HODXQQD\ *UDSK DQG LWV SHUFHSWLRQRIFRORUEHWWHUDQGLVP PRUHUREXVWWRQRLVH>@ VWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQıDUHILUVWFRPSXWHGVHH' 'HILQLWLRQ ,WLV 'LPHQVLRQDOLW\ 5HGXFWLRQ 8VH SULQFLSDO FRPSRQHQW D ZHOONQRZQ SURSHUW\ RI WKH QRUPDO GLVWWULEXWLRQ WKDW WZR DQDO\VLV 3&$ WR UHGXFH WKH GLPHQVLRQ RI WKH DERYH VWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQVIURPPHDQDFFRXQWIRURIWKHWRWDO IHDWXUHYHFWRU7KURXJKH[SHULP PHQWDOWHVWVZHKDYHIRXQG SRSXODWLRQ)ROORZLQJWKLVSURSHUW\DQ\HGJHZLWKDZHLJKWZ WKDWWKHQXPEHURISULQFLSDOFRP PSRQHQWVEHWZHHQDQG !ǒıLVUHPRYHGIURPWKHJUDSK7KLVLVEHFDXVHVXFKDQ LVVXIILFLHQWWRFDSWXUHRUP PRUHRIWKHWRWDOYDULDWLRQ HGJHLVPRVWOLNHO\WREHDQLQWHUFOXVWHUHGJJHZKLFKFRQQHFWV IRUPRVWRIWKHYLGHRVLQRXUWHVWFROOHFWLRQ WZR FOXVWHUV 7KLV OHDGV WR D VHW RI GLVMRLQW FRQQHFWHG 'HODXQD\ *UDSK &RQVWUXFWLRQ *HQHUDWH '* IRU WKH FRPSRQHQWV RI WKH JUDSK '*. ^& & &.` (DFK PSXWH WKH DYHUDJH ZHLJKW GLPHQVLRQDO IHDWXUH YHFWRUV &RP FRQQHFWHG FRPSRQHQW &L LV WUHDWHG DV D FOXXVWHU ZKLFK KDV D ǒDQGVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQıRIWKHHHGJHVLQWKHHQWLUH'* FHQWURLGVL7KLVHGJHUHPRYDOSURFHVVLVUHSHDWHGXQWLOZHJHW (GJH5HPRYDO3URFHVV$VVXPLQ QJWKHHGJHZHLJKWVIROORZ WKH GHVLUHG QXPEHU RI FOXVWHUV 7KH PRGHOLQQJ DQG VHSDUDWLQJ D *DXVVLDQ GLVWULEXWLRQ DQ\ HGJ JH ZLWK D ZHLJKW Z ! ǒ SURFHVVHV DUH VKRZQ LQ )LJ 9,68& DOORZ ZV DGYDQFHG XVHU ı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
90
2012 International Conference on Communications, Devices and Intelligent Systems (CODIS)
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
ܲ ݊݅ݏ݅ܿ݁ݎൌ
݊ଵ ሺ͵ሻ ݊ ்ௌ
,Q HTXDWLRQ ݊ଵ LV WKH QXPEHU RI PDWFKLQJ IUDPHV DQG
݊ ்ௌ LVWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIIUDPHVLQWKHDXWRPDWLFVXPPDU\ 5HFDOOLVWKHUDWLRRIWKHQXPEHURIPDWFKLQJIUDPHVWRWKHWRWDO QXPEHURIIUDPHVLQWKHXVHUVXPPDU\
݊ଶ ሺͶሻ ݊ ்ௌ ,Q HTXDWLRQ ݊ଶ DQG ݊ ்ௌ UHVSHFWLYHO\ UHSUHVHQW WKH ܴ݈݈݁ܿܽ ൌ
QXPEHU RI PDWFKLQJ IUDPHV LQ DXWRPDWLF VXPPDU\ DQG WKH WRWDOQXPEHURIIUDPHVLQWKHXVHUVXPPDU\+RZHYHUWKHUHLV D WUDGHRII EHWZHHQ SUHFLVLRQ DQG UHFDOO *UHDWHU SUHFLVLRQ GHFUHDVHV UHFDOO DQG JUHDWHU UHFDOO OHDGV WR GHFUHDVHG SUHFLVLRQ 6R ZH FKRRVH WKH ) DV WKH PHWULF XVHG IRU DVVHVVLQJ WKH TXDOLW\ RI WKH DXWRPDWLF VXPPDULHV 7KH ) FRPELQHVERWKSUHFLVLRQDQG UHFDOOLQWRDVLQJOH PHDVXUHE\ D KDUPRQLFPHDQ>@
ܨǤହ
ʹ ൈ ܲ ݊݅ݏ݅ܿ݁ݎൈ ܴ݈݈݁ܿܽ ൌ ሺͷሻ ܲ ݊݅ݏ݅ܿ݁ݎ ܴ݈݈݁ܿܽ
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
9LGHRV
96800
9,68&
7$%/( 0($1 ) $&+,(9(' %@ )XWXUH ZRUN ZLOO IRFXV RQ WKH HYDOXDWLRQ RI PRUH FRPSOH[ IRUPVRIXVHULQWHUDFWLRQVXFKDVWKHXVHRIWKHXVHUIHHGEDFN WR UHILQH WKH YLGHR VXPPDU\ $QRWKHU GLUHFWLRQ RI IXWXUH UHVHDUFK LV WR SURGXFH PXOWLYLHZ YLGHR VXPPDULHV IRU UHDO
2012 International Conference on Communications, Devices and Intelligent Systems (CODIS)
91
ZRUOG VXUYHLOODQFH V\VWHPV :H DOVR SODQ WR ZRUN RQ WKH SHUVRQDOL]HG YLGHR VXPPDULHV ZLWK D IRFXV RQ XQREWUXVLYHO\ VRXUFHGXVHUEDVHGLQIRUPDWLRQ 5HIHUHQFHV
>@ - $OPHLGD 1- /HLWH DQG 56 7RUUHV 9,621 9,GHR 6XPPDUL]DWLRQ IRU 21OLQH DSSOLFDWLRQV 3DWWHUQ5HFRJQLWLRQ /HWWHUV SS >@ -RVHSK 2¶ 5RXUNH &RPSXWDWLRQDO *HRPHWU\ LQ & &DPEULGJH 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV1HZ@@7KH2SHQ9LGHR3URMHFWKWWSZZZRSHQYLGHRRUJ
>@ %7 7UXRQJ 6 9HQNDWHVK 9LGHR DEVWUDFWLRQ D V\VWHPDWLF UHYLHZ DQG FODVVLILFDWLRQ $&0 7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ 0XOWLPHGLD &RPSXWLQJ&RPPXQLFDWLRQVDQG$SSOLFDWLRQV SS± >@ $6 &KRZGKXU\6 .XDQDU5 3DQGD DQG 01 'DV 9LGHR 6WRU\ERDUG 'HVLJQ XVLQJ 'HODXQD\ *UDSKV7ZHQW\ )LUVW,$35,((( ,QW O&RQIRQ3DWWHUQ5HFRJQLWLRQ,&35 SS >@ 6() $YLOD $3% /RSHV $ -U /X] DQG $$ $UDXMR 96800$PHFKDQLVPGHVLJQHGWRSURGXFHVWDWLFYLGHRVXPPDULHV DQG D QRYHO HYDOXDWLRQ PHWKRG 3DWWHUQ 5HFRJQLWLRQ /HWWHUV SS± >@