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Slicer3 Training Compendium Slicer3 Training Tutorial
Centerline Extraction of Coronary Arteries in 3D Slicer using VMTK based Tools Daniel Hähn Student of Medical Informatics University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Learning Objective Guiding you step by step through the process of centerline extraction of Coronary Arteries in a cardiac bloodpool MRI using VMTK based Tools.
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Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in highincome countries and one of the main causes of death worldwide*. The primary cause for CHD is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and is called coronary artery disease (CAD). The extraction of the central lumen line (centerline) of coronary arteries is helpful for visualization purposes, stenosis quantification or further processing steps. Human Heart with Coronaries, Author: Patrick J. Lynch (1999), Creative Commons License
* WHO Fact Sheet 310: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html
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Materials This tutorial requires the installation of the Slicer3 software and the tutorial dataset. They are available at the following locations: • Slicer3 download page (Slicer 3.5 Nightly Build*) http://slicer.org/pages/Special:SlicerDownloads
• Unzipped Tutorial MRI data (3 files) http://www.namic.org/Wiki/index.php/File:TutorialVMTKCoronariesCenterlinesMRI_Data_Winter2010AHM.zip
Disclaimer: It is the responsibility of the user of Slicer to comply with both the terms of the license and with the applicable laws, regulations, and rules. * or a Snapshot after December 2009, the Slicer3 extension system has to work properly
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Overview Installing VMTK in 3D Slicer The Pipeline Loading Data Extracting the ROI Vesselness Filtering Level Set Segmentation Centerline Computation Results References Acknowledgements
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Installing VMTK in 3D Slicer
Start the Extension Wizard
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Click “Next”
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Select all VMTK Extensions
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Click “Download & Install”
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Click “Next”
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Restart 3D Slicer
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The VMTK Extensions appear in the modules selector (1) inside the category “Vascular Modeling Toolkit”
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The Pipeline
This pipeline is used for the Centerline Extraction. National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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Loading Data
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To load the tutorial data, choose the “File” menu (1) and select “Add Volume...” (2) National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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Select the file “tutorial_cardiac_mri_data.nrrd” (1) of the unzipped tutorial data and press “Apply” (2)
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2 Use the layout selector (1) to switch to the “Conventional layout” (2)
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The 2D slice viewers show the loaded volume.
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Use the layout selector (1) to switch to the “Red slice only layout” (2)
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Only the red slice viewer (axial view) is displayed.
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Extracting the ROI 1
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Use the modules selector (1) to start the “ExtractSubvolumeROI” (2) module National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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This panel now appears. Be sure that the “Input volume” is the loaded tutorial data.
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Create a new MRMLROINode
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Create a new Volume as “Output volume”
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Now click around the heart to select the subvolume. Navigate to the most interior and superior slices using the control (1) to select the complete heart. The selection is shown as a blue overlay. National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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2 1 Click “Do ROI resample” (1) to extract the subvolume and click toggle the “ROI visibility” (2) to hide the blue overlay
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You can also directly load the “tutorial_cardiac_mri_dataSubvolume resample_scale1.0.nrrd” file of the unzipped tutorial data to get the extracted subvolume (see the “Loading Data” section).
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Select the extracted subvolume (2) in the red slice viewer by using the volume selector (1)
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1 2 Fit the volume to the window by using the options icon (1) and selecting “Fit to window” (2)
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2 Use the modules selector (1) to navigate to the “Volumes” module (2)
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Be sure the extracted subvolume “tutorial_cardiac_mri_dataSubvolume resample_scale1.0” is the active Volume (1) and adjust the Window/Level setting to 1082 and 1257 (2) for better visualization
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1 Left Coronary Artery
Aortic arch
At slice 0.80 (1) the aortic arch and the left coronary artery (LCA) are visible National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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1 Right Coronary Artery
Aortic arch
At slice 15 (1) the aortic arch and the right coronary artery (RCA) are visible National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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Vesselness Filtering Navigate to the VMTKVesselEnhancement module inside the category “Vascular Modeling Toolkit” using the modules selector
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This panel appears. Switch to “FrangiVesselness”.
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Select the extracted subvolume (2) as the “Input Volume” (1)
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Enter “0.1” (unit: mm) as the minimal diameter of tubular structures to detect
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Enter “2.0” (unit: mm) as the maximum diameter of tubular structures to detect
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Choose a low threshold of “0.3” to detect linelike rather than plate like structures
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A higher threshold of “500” limits the detection of bloblike structures
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The contrast of the vessels in comparision to the background in the tutorial data is very high, so set a higher threshold of “500” to detect only well visible structures
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Click “Start!”
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The filtering procedure takes approx. 610 minutes.
You can also directly load the “EnhancedVesselnessOut.nrrd” file of the unzipped tutorial data to get the vesselness filtered volume (see the “Loading Data” section).
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Right Coronary Artery
The red slice viewer shows the vesselness filtered volume. The enhanced tubes are visible (f.e. at slice 15). National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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Level Set Segmentation Navigate to the VMTKEasyLevelSetSegmentation module inside the category “Vascular Modeling Toolkit” using the modules selector
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This panel now appears. The Level Set Segmentation process consists of two steps: Initialization and Evolution
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Select the “EnhancedVesselnessOut” volume (2) as the “Input Volume” (1)
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Use the “Source Seeds” selector (1) to create a new Fiducial List (2) which automatically becomes active 3
Switch to “Place” mode by using the icon (3) on the toolbar
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Click inside the RCA on the red slice viewer to place one seed point (f.e. at slice 15) National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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Click inside the LCA on the red slice viewer to place one seed point (f.e. at slice 0.80) National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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Deactivate “Use Volume Rendering” because Polydata is needed later
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Set a lower threshold of “0.143” This results in immediate visualization feedback at the slice viewers
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2 Use the layout selector (1) to switch to the “Conventional layout” (2)
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Click “Start!”
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The segmentation is shown as a model in the 3D rendering window (1) and as an overlayed label map in the 2D slice viewers (2)
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Use the “Input Volume” selector (1) to set the extracted subvolume (2) as the input for the evolution stage National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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1 2 3 Specify the behavior of the evolution by using the sliders. The initialization is already close to the edges of the vessels so no inflation is needed (1). To get a smooth surface a higher curvature weight of “70” is important (2). To attract the segmentation to the gradient ridges a high attraction weight of “100” is necessary (3). National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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The result is shown as a blue model in the 3D rendering window (1) and as an overlayed label map in the 2D slice viewers (2)
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Centerline Computation Navigate to the VMTKCenterlines module inside the category “Vascular Modeling Toolkit” using the modules selector
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This panel now appears. The Centerlines extraction consists of two steps: Model preparation and Centerline Computation
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1 2 Use the “Input Model” selector (1) to set the “VMTKEvolution Model” (2) as the input
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Click “Prepare Model!” The blue model in the 3D Rendering Window turns green
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Now step 2: “Centerlines Computation” starts
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Use the “Source Seeds” selector (1) to create a new Fiducial list (2) Note: It is recommended to use the Fiducials module to hide the Fiducial lists of the Level Set Segmentation process National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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Place two Seeds in the 3D Rendering Window directly on the green model where the Coronaries start
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Use the “Target Seeds” selector (1) to create a new Fiducial list (2) National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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To place the Target Seeds correctly, it is recommended to first use the Transform mode (1) to rotate the model and then the Place mode (2) to set the fiducials
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Place four Seeds in the 3D Rendering Window directly on the green model where the Coronaries end
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Click “Get Centerlines!”
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The Voronoi diagram and the corresponding Centerlines appear in the 3D Rendering Window
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Results
All segmentation parts are available as MRML nodes in the current scene. The “Data” module shows the MRML tree.
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Deactivate the “VMTKCenterlinesPrepOut” model to hide the segmented lumen (1).
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The 3D Rendering Window then shows the Voronoi diagram and the corresponding Centerlines only.
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Hide the “VMTKVoronoiOut” model (1) to show the Centerlines in the 3D Rendering Window only.
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The VMTKCenterlines module supports the export of extracted Centerlines to the filesystem. To export details like the maximum inscribed sphere radius activate the checkbox (1), choose a destination (2) and click “Export!” (3).
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The exported file includes the world coordinates (1) of the Centerlines and also the Maximum Inscribed Sphere Radius (2) for each point. National Alliance for Medical Image Computing
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Conclusion • VMTK extensions installable using the extension wizard • Vesselness Filtering using VMTKVesselEnhancement • Lumen Segmentation using VMTKEasyLevelSetSegmentation • Centerline Computation using VMTKCenterlines • 3D Slicer Integration for further processing of the data (MRML nodes) • Open Source Environment
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References
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Acknowledgements National Alliance for Medical Image Computing Surgical Planning Laboratory (BWH) Steve Pieper, Ron Kikinis Mario Negri Institute Luca Antiga