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Fox BD [170]. 2012 BMJ. 3. ... Lopez-Olivo MA [183]. 2012 JAMA .... review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;358:j3887. 17. Batelaan NM .... Khera R, Murad MH, Chandar AK, et al. ..... Keene D, Price C, Shun-Shin MJ, et al.
pressure (mmHg). Yes/No. Heart rate per minute. Yes/No. Consciousness. Yes/No. Oxygenation: NRM. Ventimask O2-glasses. None. Oxygen in liters per minute ...
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Institute for Biomedical Technologies, CNR, Bari, Italy. 7 Laurent ... Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Centro Portugues de Bioinformatica, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Search Procedure for the Systematic. Review. Databases used for Initial Search. Ovid MEDLINE (R) In-Process and other Non-Indexed Citations (January 17th.
General Procedure for Peptide Coupling (GP 1): HOBt (2.6 mmol), Et3N (3.0 mmol), DCC (2.6 mmol), and. DMAP (0.1 mmol) were sequentially added to a stirred ...
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Fat body Structures and expression of mRNAs coding for major plasma proteins of Bombyx mori. Sakai N., Mori S., Izumi S., Haino-Fukushima K.,. Ogura T.
Shivashankar H Nagaraj , Aaron Ingham and Antonio Reverter. Additional file 1. Table S1. Summary of the significant relationships between the gene attributes: ...
Cui R, Suemaru K, Li B, Kohnomi S, Araki H (2009) Tropisetron attenuates naloxone-induced place aversion in single-dose morphine-treated rats: role of alpha7 ...
Typhoid. Decoction of a mixture of the roots and leaves is taken orally. ..... kamerunensis is orally. Raphia hookeri Man. & Wendl. Arecaceae Kho. Sap. Induces.
Additional file 1: Medicinal plants used in Babungo for treating different diseases. Botanical name
Family
Local name
Part used
Use
Preparation and administration
Gekbou
Voucher specimen number DS 127
Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anders.
Acanthaceae
Leaves
Malaria
Zingiberaceae
Iswo
DS 193
Seeds
Afrostyrax kamerunensis Perk and Gilg.
Huaceae
Fulong
DS 135
Seeds
Component of many herbal remedies Venereal diseases
Concoction with the leaves of Senna alata is taken orally. Used in combination with other herbs.
Aframomum melegueta K. Schum
Agave sisalana Perrine
Agavaceae
Nseng
DS 187
Leaves
Ageratum conyzoides L.
Asteraceae
Ndobovensi
DS 169
Stem, leaves and flowers Leaves
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.
Liliaceae
Aloe vera
DS 202
Leaves
Local analgesic and antiinflammatory Bronchitis/ Fevers Infantile diarrhoea Gastritis/ Stomachache Malaria
Latex
Wounds/ Skin diseases
Allium sativum L.
Alliaceae
Garlic
DS 175
Leaves
Hypertension
Amaranthus hybridus L.
Amaranthac eae
Fih
DS 183
Leaves
Antiinflammatory
Amaranthus lividus L.
Amaranthac eae
Flower bai DS 166
Leaves
Aneamia
Annanas comosus (L.) Merr.
Bromeliacea Pineapple e
Leaves
Malaria
DS 170
1
Concoction with the roots of Raphia hookeri is taken orally. The paste from ground leaves is applied topically on affected parts. An infusion of the aerial part of the plant is taken orally. Maceration of the young leaves is taken orally. Leaves are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed. Maceration is taken orally. Latex from the leaves is applied on affected parts. The bulbs are added to a decoction of the leaves of Lantana camara and taken orally. Paste from ground leaves are applied on affected parts. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice taken orally. Concoction of the leaves A. comosus and
Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D. Ada
Asteraceae
Wowoh
DS 172
Leaves
Wounds
Gastritis
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders.
Acanthacea e
Formenshi DS 148
Leaves
Aneamia
Basella alba L.
Basellaceae
Luii
DS 180
Bersama abyssinica Fresen.
Melianthace ae
Fuaveti
DS 131
Stem and leaves Stem bark
Strengthen neonates Stomachache
Bidens pilosa L.
Asteraceae
Shoctesuc
DS 176
Whole plant
Malaria
Insecticide Leaves
Wounds
the stem bark of Spathodea campanulata is taken orally. Leaf juice from crushed leaves is applied on wounds. Young leaves are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed. The leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice is taken orally. Decoction is taken as an enema. Decoction of the stem bark is taken orally. Concoction with the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus is taken orally. Whole plant is burnt to keep away insects. Leaves are crushed and leaf juice applied on wounds. Leaves are warmed and the leaf juice is squeezed into the ears.
Bryophylum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Crassulacea e
Juteweh
DS 225
Leaves
Painful ear
Caladium sp.
Araceae
Lala
DS 161
Leaves
Malaria
Decoction taken orally.
Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.
Burseraceae
Tibew
DS 226
Root
Venereal diseases/ Aphrodisiac
Concoction with the roots of Vernonia amygdalina, Capsicum frustesens and the bracts of Musa paradisiaca is taken orally.
Capsicum annuum L.
Solanaceae
Nyanta
DS 125
Fruit
Restorative after delivery
Capsicum frutescens L.
Solanaceae
Nyantafesu cse
DS 186
Fruit
Gastritis
Fruits are added to soups in large quantities. Added to a concoction to treat gastritis.
2
Carica papaya L.
Caricaceae
Pawpaw
Roots
Venereal disease/ aphrodisiac
Leaves
Malaria Gastritis
Jaundice
Wounds
Cassia hirsuta L.
Caesalpiniace Tulushine ae
Celosia globosa Schinz.
Amaranthac eae
Mumeben g
DS 182
Roots and leaves
Typhoid
Leaves
Skin diseases
Leaves
Athlete’s foot
Navel pains
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
Apiaceae
Nid
DS 218
Leaves
Diabetes
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson
Chenopodiac eae
Fulunfu
DS 209
Leaves
Convulsion
Asteraceae
Twigi
DS 149
Leaves
Wound dressing/skin diseases
3
Concoction with the bracts of M. paradisiaca and the roots of C. schweinfurthii, V. amygdalina, and C. frutescens is taken orally. Leaf juice is squeezed and taken orally. Leaf juice is mixed with grated Allium sativum bulbs and the fruit juice of Citrus limon and taken orally. Concoction with the yellowing leaves of M. paradisiaca is taken orally. Leaf juice is applied on fresh wounds. Decoction of a mixture of the roots and leaves is taken orally. Decoction is taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice applied on affected parts. A paste made from a mixture of ground leaves and palm oil and taken orally. Infusion of the leaves is taken orally. Leaf juice administered orally. Leaf juice is applied on wounds and on skin diseases. A poultice made from the crushed leaves is used to cover wounds.
Citrus aurantium L.
Rutaceae
Orange
DS 143
Roots and leaves
Malaria/jaund ice
Decoction of the roots and leaves is taken orally. The fruit juice is added to C. papaya leaf juice and taken orally. Infusion taken orally.
Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.
Sterculiacea e Araceae
Ibi
DS 184
Ndai
DS 161
Same as above Tubers
Same as above Whitlow
Commelina benghalensis L.
Commelinace Wiwih ae
DS 227
Latex
Ring worm
Leaves
Headache
DS 178
Young leaves Leaves
Cough and tuberculosis Conjunctivitis
DS 192
Leaves
Convulsion
Paste from ground leaves is mixed with palm oil and taken orally.
The seeds are chewed. Leaves are squeezed and leaf juice taken orally. Same as above Paste from grated tubers is applied on affected parts and tied with a band. Latex is applied on affected parts. Poultice made from the warm leaves is pressed and rubbed on the forehead. Decoction is administered orally. Juice from the crushed leaves is dropped into the infected eye.
Cordia platythyrsa Barker Crassocephalum rubens (Juss. Ex.Jacq.) S. Moore.
Boranginace Ibokwing ae Asteraceae Ndoboven si
Crotalaria mucronata Desv.
Papilionace ae
Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Del. Cymbopogin citratus (DC.) Stapf.
Euphorbiace Njang ae
DS 133
Root
Purgative
Decoction is administered orally.
Poaceae
Fever grass
DS 216
Leaves
Fever/Malaria
Dichrocephalla integrifolia
Asteraceae
Ndobeven si
DS 181
Stem and leaves
Headache
Concoction of the leaves with the leaves of B. pilosa is taken orally. Warmed leaves are pressed on the
forehead. Palm oil made from the fruit is taken orally. Pounded leaves are mixed with palm oil and taken orally. Fractures Paste from pounded leaves is applied on broken parts and tied with a bandage. Gastritis Leaves are chewed and leaf juice swallowed. Wounds Leaves are crushed and leaf juice is applied on wounds. Suppuration Leaves are warmed and of the ears leaf juice is squeezed into the ears. Mental illness Decoction is taken orally. Malaria Decoction is taken orally. Aneamia/Sto Leaves are squeezed machache and leaf juice taken orally. Gastritis/mens Young leaves are trual pains chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed.
Arecaceae
Iteh
DS 190
Fruits
Poaceae
Woh
DS 207
Leaves
Emilia coccinea (Sims.) G. Don
Asteraceae
Nsefouse Femefous e
DS 152
Leaves
Ensete gilletii (De Wild.) Cheesman Entada abyssinica Steud. Ex. A. Rich. Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. Erygeron floribundus (H.B. and K.) Sch.Bip
Musaceae
Ngomeke
DS 126
Roots
Mimosaceae Fundung
DS 146
Stembark
Acanthacea e
Nsebai
DS 223
Leaves
Asteraceae
Ndoboven si
DS 156
Leaves
Eryngium foetidium L.
Apiaceae
DS 184
Leaves
Irregular heart beat
Erythrina senegalensis DC.
Papilionace ae
Tinyao
DS 196
Stem bark
Jaundice
Eucalyptus spp.
Myrtaceae
Forest guide
DS 128
Young leaves
Fevers and colds
Infusion of the young leaves is taken orally.
Euphorbia hirta L.
Euphorbiace Femenven ae si
DS 132
Stem, leaves and flowers
Gastritis Stomachache Nausea
Stem, leaves are flowers are chewed and juice swallowed.
Ficus exasperata Vahl.
Moraceae
Ngwase
DS 204
Fruit
Female infertility
Decoction of the fruit is taken orally.
Ficus thonningii
Moraceae
Ngung
DS DS
Stem bark
Malaria
Concoction with the
5
Poison antidote Side pains
Leaves are squeezed and the juice taken orally. Decoction of the stem bark is taken orally.
Blume Gossypium hirsutum L.
127 Malvaceae
Meh
Leaves Roots
Venereal diseases Malaria
leaves of C. citratus is taken orally. A decoction of the leaves is taken orally. Decoction of the roots is taken orally. Leaves are crushed and leaf juice applied on affected parts.
Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir.
Hypericacea e
Febai
Leaves
Filaria
Hemizygia welwitschii (Rolfe.) M. Ashby
Lamiaceae
Yengong
Stem, leaves and flowers
Malaria
Decoction of the stem, leaves and flowers is taken orally.
Hibiscus cannabinus L.
Malvaceae
Viguala
Leaves
Aneamia
Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice taken orally.
Hilleria latifolia (Lam) H. Walt.
Phytolaccac eae
Bibe
Strengthen neonates
Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam.
Apiaceae
Itomau
Stem, leaves and flowers Whole plant
Decoction is used as enema and also for a bath. Decoction of the whole plant is taken orally.
Latex from cut stem applied on affected parts. Decoction of the stem and leaves is taken orally. Decoction of the leaves is taken orally. Leaves are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed. Decoction of the leaves
Euphorbiace Medjai ae
Navel pains
Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.
Bignoniacea e
Thai
Stem bark and leaves
Rheumatism
Lactuca capensis Thunb.
Asteraceae
Nsefouse/ Femeh
Leaves
Cerebral malaria Gastritis
Hypertension
6
Concoction of the bark with the seeds of A. melegueta is taken orally. Decoction of the roots is taken orally.
is taken orally. Decoction of the stem bark is used as a mouth wash Decoction of the leaves is taken orally. A. sativum bulbs are added to a decoction of the leaves and taken orally. Decoction of the leaves is taken orally. Concoction of the stem bark and the leaves of C. citratus and Psidium guajava is taken orally. Decoction of the stem and leaves is taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and leaf juice taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and leaf juice taken orally. Crushed leaves are applied on affected parts. Leaves are chewed with palm kernels. Decoction of the leaves is used for enema. Decoction of the leaves is used for enema. Concoction of the bracts, the roots of C. Schweinfurthii, V. amygdalina and C. frutescens is taken orally. Concoction with the yellowing leaves of C. papaya taken orally.
Musa sapientum L.
Nicotiana tabacum L.
Musaceae
Solanaceae
Yuck
Ndobo
Bracts
Filaria
Fruit
Cough
Leaves
Toothache
Stimulant Ocimum basilicum L.
Lamiaceae
Zwitefua
Leaves
Constipation
Ocimum gratissimum L.
Lamiaceae
Fulungfu
Leaves
Stomachache
Convulsion in children
Oxalis corniculata L.
Oxalidaceae
Ithomau
Stem and leaves
Navel pains
Paspalum conjugatum Berg.
Poaceae
Shocsi
Whole plant
Venereal diseases
Physalis angulata L.
Solanaceae
Batetoh
Fruits
Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redhead. Piper umbellatum L.
Caesalpiniace Bing ae
Stem bark
Restorative after delivery Malaria
Piperaceae
Mumbua
Leaves
Piles
Lamiaceae
Nsebai
Leaves
Aneamia
Plactranthus glandulosus Hook.f.
Diarrhoea
Platycerium stemaria (P. Beauv.) Desv.
Polypodiace ae
Isocnekai
Leaves
8
Stomachache
Decoction of the bracts is taken orally. The rind is burnt and the resulting ash is mixed with palm oil and administered orally. Dried leaves are ground into a fine powder and put on painful tooth. Dried leaves are smoked. Infusion of the leaf is taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice are dropped into the eyes and rubbed all over the body. Decoction of the stem and leaves is taken orally. Concoction of the whole plant, Stelleria media,and Spilanthes filicaulis is taken orally. Ripe fruits are eaten fresh Decoction of the stem bark is taken orally. Leaf juice is rubbed around the anus. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice is taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice is taken orally. Leaves are dried in a hot pot, ground into a
Polyscias fulva (Hiern.) Harms
Araliaceae
Polystachya odorata Lindl.
Orchidaceae
Portulaca oleracea L.
Portulacace ae
Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman
Rosaceae
Vai
Leaves
Rheumatism
Whole plant
Stomachache
Ngekbaba
Stem and leaves
Venereal diseases
Pygeum
Stem bark
Mental illness Fever
Psidium guajava L.
Myrtaceae
Guava
Leaves
Diarrhoea
Malaria
Raphia hookeri Man & Wendl.
Arecaceae
Kho
Rauvilfia vomitoria Afzel.
Apocynacea e
Ricinus communis L.
Euphorbiace Medjai ae
Sanseviera liberica Ger. & Labr.
Agavaceae
Nseng
Scoparia dulcis L.
Scrophulariace ae
Fornyui
Senna alata (L.)
Thauveng o
Roots
Venereal disease
Sap
Induces lactation High blood pressure/ Mental illness Vermifuge
Roots
Seeds
DS 164
Caesalpiniace Forgwinan
Leaves
Antiinflammation
Leaves
Poison antidote
Leaves
9
Traditional elixir Malaria
fine powder, mixed with palm oil and taken orally. Decoction of the leaves is taken orally. Whole plant is dried in a hot pot, ground into a fine powder, mixed with palm oil and taken orally. Concoction with the seeds of A. melegueta is taken orally. Decoction of the stem bark is taken orally. Decoction of the stem bark is taken orally. Young leaves are chewed and the leaf juice swallowed. Concoction with the leaves of M. indica, the leaves of C. citratus is taken orally Concoction with the fruits of A. kamerunensis is orally. Fermented sap from the tree is drunk. Decoction of the roots is taken orally. Castor oil extracted from the seeds is administered orally to expel intestinal worms. Leaves are ground into a paste which is applied on affected parts. Leaves are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed. Dried in a hot pot and ground into a powder. Concoction of the
Roxb.
ae
ase
Sida rhombifolia L.
Malvaceae
Nsengneb ew
Young leaves
Sida veronicifolia L.
Malvaceae
Mbuase
Leaves
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Poaceae
Saigini
Stem and leaves
Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.
Bignoniacea e
Siale/Tibai bai
Stem bark
Spilanthes filicaulis (Schum. and Thonn.) C.D. Ada.
Asteraceae
Nyantany ui
Flower
Toothache
Stem, leaves and flowers
Stomachache/ Gastritis
leaves with those of A. montanus is administered orally. Drowsiness Leaves are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed. Eases delivery Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice taken orally. Filaria Decoction of the stem and leaves is taken orally. Malaria/ Decoction of the stem Venereal bark is taken orally. diseases
Malaria
Stellaria media (L.) Vill.
Caryophyllac eae
Fotofoteye se
Leaves and stem
Coccidiosis
Venereal diseases
Thevetia neriifolia Juss.
Apocynacea e
Thau
Leaves
Local analgesic
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume
Ulmaceae
Fai
Irregular heart beat
Vernonia amygdalina Delile
Asteraceae
Ying
Leaves and stem bark Leaves
10
Jaundice/mala ria
A flower is chewed using the painful tooth. Stem, leaves and flowers are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed Stem, leaves and flowers are a component of a mixture of plants used to treat malaria. The leaves are crushed and the leaf juice is feed to birds. Concoction of the stem, leaves and flower combined with S. filicaulis and P. conjugatum is taken orally. Leaves are ground into a paste which is applied on affected parts. Decoction taken orally.
Concoction with the leaves of C. papaya is taken orally.
Wound dressing
Vernonia calvoana var microcephala C.D. Adams
Asteraceae
Ndoboven si
Leaves and stem
Voacanga africana Stapf.
Apocynacea e
Thau
Stem bark and roots
Zea mays L.
Poaceae
Sai
Silk
Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond.
Cucurbitace ae
Gi
Leaves
11
Poultice made from the crushed leaves is used to cover wounds. Venereal Concoction with the diseases/aphro roots of C. disiac schweinfurthii and C. frutescens is taken orally. Headache Leaves and stems are warmed over a fire and pressed on the forehead.
Mental illness
Concoction of the stem bark and the roots is taken orally. Malaria Infusion of the silk and the fruit juice of C. limon is taken orally Cryptorchidism Decoction of the leaves is used for enema.
