September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 Regular Paper: No. 030
Cloud-based Product Information Framework using Near Field Communication Technology Muhamad Arfauz A RAHMAN*, Qiu Mei TAI*, Effendi MOHAMAD*, Azrul Azwan ABDUL RAHMAN*, Silah Hayati KAMSANI*, Mohd Rizal SALLEH* and John P. T. MO** *Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia E-mail:
[email protected] **School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora East campus, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia
Abstract Most of the manufacturer provides hardcopy documents to complement their product while handing over the product to the customer. Some of the documents include manuals, drawings and specifications. Often, the handling of the hardcopies are troublesome, time consuming and requires unnecessary storage of the documents. The aim of this project is to digitalize product information in a form of data which can be shared easily between the manufacturer and the customer through network. The world of electronics today is moving from using single devices for storing data to connecting between various devices for retrieving data form others. This is in line with the arrival of industry 4.0. Most of time, the device is mostly complemented with the use of network. In this project, Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is implemented. NFC acts in two-way, “sender to receiver” and “receiver to sender”. Through this technology, a small size of strip or chip will be used to store or linked a data to the cloud or server with a user. The data are able to be retrieved through scanning the strip or chip using the dedicated scanner or a NFC enable smart phone. At the moment, Dropbox application is utilized and connected through network online. The preliminary work of this project was conducted at one of the boat manufacturing company in Malaysia. There are mainly five documents are currently stored in the storage. It include drawings, specifications, manuals, product information card and maintenance schedule. The developed framework covers all data sharing and link between company’s database system that stores all required documents and the customer. The link of the storage is written in the NFC tag and the tag was then applied and embedded onto the body of the boat. Through scanning a tag, either using the scanner or smart phone, the customer will be able to retrieve any required information of a product under company database. The proposed framework has improved the overall company approach through the building up an information framework as a fast way to provide the soft information of a product to the customer. Key words : NFC technology, Smart Phone, Database, Server, Manufacturing, Automation
1. Introduction The world of electronics today is moving from using one machine to utilizing variety of devices, such as laptop and smart phone. The influence and function of the network are very wide, easily achieved and spread through the whole world. The social world of today relies thoroughly on networking and everyone is keeping updating for the newest information and that almost everyone has a smart phone in hand. One of the technology that is embedded within the smart phone is Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. Near Field Communication technology can be scanned using smart phones to get information and data. Firstly, we need to go to smart phone setting to turn on Near Field Communication. A Near Field Communication tag which has been installed product information is used to every product. We use different Near Field Communication tags to every single product. To get information of a specified product, we scan/touch our smart phone to Near Field Communication tag. This project was conducted at United Engineering Services International (UESI) Sdn. Bhd., company that manufacture boat, which located at Ayeh Keroh, Melaka. UESI Sdn. Bhd. manufactures variety of boats where each boat
© 2017 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
has its specified information and data stored in hard copy. For every single boat, they will produce a hard copy of that specific boat. Therefore, they can refer to hard copy sheet when the product is needed for maintenance or other services and as a reference for the client. The problem occurs when a hard copy sheet is lost, then it is difficult to do the stuff without any product information. And the company will not provide another copy for clients. But in another way, soft copy of data will only be provided for clients through a communication framework.
LOST?
Figure 1 Manual Sheet End Up Lost This project will look into ways to develop NFC technology in the company. From what we have, NFC reader/writer device (Dragon Brand) and tag, we are going to read and write the link of Dropbox to tag. Consultant and research are doing with requirement and need of UES company. By exploring to knowledge of NFC, we put on tags to boat which involve data of manual hard copy. Changing hard copy into soft copy makes it easier to get data when user need it. A definitely secure of the system is set up that only specific or certain people are able to reach data information. The aim of this project is o digitalize product information which can be shared easily by manufacturer to customer. It also hope to improve the company system and database by building up an information framework as a fast way to get product brochure. Finally, through implementing a new framework, the security of the database between company and clients by installing Near Field Communication (NFC) can be enhanced. There are two main boat that will be utilized for the framework that are P9 and P38. Every boat which manufacture and finish-up-surfacing, conducts in different data information in every single piece of part. For all products in company, they refer to hard copy sheet. Thus we found that making up a soft copy data of every product in devices is very important as a back-up support. That is a crucial act to the operations process of company.
2. Review of relevant works NFC is a combination between identity and connectivity through technologies that contact-less proximity between information, thus become easy communication between small electronic devices which they function by magnetic induction when touching devices or closer to a few centimeters to enable communication between them. NFC, can be said as a subset of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), is a bidirectional short range of 424kb/s. It is designed for simple and safe data exchange directly between two devices. There are many ways that we can use NFC technology. One of it is through smart phones. To launch NFC, we need to go to Setting and turn on NFC application. Availability of NFC on smart phone brings a lot of opportunities to the tourism industry, clinical industry, automotive industry and other physical access. It could support cashless payments and some ticketing systems, transit, loyalty and membership. System and application designer of having a wide range of make use NFC in various ways, program it to generate new information to be presented for scanning. Information received can be processed by many available applications on the smart phone.
2.1 NFC Technology Near Field Communication operates at a very short distance within 4cm. It only enables convenient short-range communication between electronic devices and Near Field Communication tags. Near Field Communication technology operates at 13.56MHz. It’s faster compared to other devices like Bluetooth. It has the ability to read and write to devices. Near Field Communication acts in two-way, sender to the receiver and receiver to sender. Near Field Communication protocol distinguishes between two modes of communication, active and passive way. The data rates currently supported
© 2017 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
are 106, 212, 424, or 848 kbit/s. NFC provides a data transmission rate of 424 kbit/s within a short range of typically 5 to 20 centimeters. Although there are a wide range wired interfaces (USB or RS232) and also wireless-connections such as Bluetooth or Infrared Data Association (IrDA) for connecting with an external data aquicision, but it is very limited in the range of usability and feasibility of working. An automated solution is the usage of Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. NFC is a technology that works on wireless and contact-less identification like a tag and use online networking technologies. Its advantage is that it enables short-range communication between electronic devices and smart phone/laptop. The development of Near Field Communication is based on communication technology components and comprised the following components: 1. A web-based system to collect data, could be a website, Dropbox, etc. 2. A monitoring device with NFC capabilities. 3. An NFC-enabled mobile phone or NFC detector acting as a gateway for connecting. 4. An NFC tag for authentication and identification which are described in details.
2.1.1 NFC Applications on The Phone Many applications can be carried on with the aid of NFC. One of these is the Contextual Application Invocation (CAI). CAI executes code on smart phone. We are able to launch many works like bill payment because of contextual information from another transaction to our phone. There are three important classes of Contextual Application Invocation by making use of NFC: 1. Transaction Attachment. 2. Virtual Pass 3. Security of NFC Transaction
2.1.1.1
Transaction Attachment
NFC technology is very useful in transaction stuff, whether it’s traditional NFC payment or ticketing transaction. NFC enables us to pay for an event we attend by provide the context, with connecting our smart phone to the device via NFC online. It supplies us with extra information relevant to the context. The bill that associated with that particular payment can be transferred via NFC connection to smart phone thus it refers to e-bill on mobile phone. Later that it could be submitted for reimbursement. In case NFC setting need to be programmed so that payment made with NFC scanned, and automatic trading with certain account, stand to the standard of bank attach to this technology.
Figure 2 Variety transaction of NFC in smart phone.
2.1.1.2 Virtual Pass Physical tokens are outdated and the problem happened when it was loose and misplaced. Physical token may consist of a smart card, a card with bar-code or integrated-circuit (IC). With advanced in technology of NFC and online service,
© 2017 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
there has been lesser and lesser used of physical token or card and tickets. Example of the traditional credit card is a method of accepting a transit payment. High-way payment becomes easier with aids of this traditional credit card system. With NFC technology, payment account number is communicated over a communications network to a smart phone. A next step, an authorization code may be generated or created to act as receiving response to that payment made. It is then transmitted over the communication network to a portable smart phone device. After smart phone device receives that authorization code, then it needs to confirm as a reply over authority system. Retransmit of code will be compared with the first code if it is matched. Lastly, the bill payment will load into the smart phone as e-bill for use as virtual-pass.
2.1.1.3 Security of NFC Transactions As a concerned about security, dealing with authorized or unauthorized and sharing with partners, it depends on level of protection designed by NFC programmer. Take an example, a person who has an e-ticket to watch movies at night. But he shares the contents of the ticket to other’s smart-phone. As both e-tickets are the valid code to enter, both of them can present that e-ticket at the entrance. To tighten a better solution of it, either one person can get in, but not both of them for the same ticket. Optionally, the security can be made by tightening up to one person only. At the time e-ticket is generated, authority system locks up and ends the validity of that ticket code. Another person would not be able to use it again. Optionally, e-tickets can be made valid again in case this owner exits venue and to allow re-entry. Now, one person could get in but not both of them. For the third way of security setting, e-tickets are tied up to a specific person. When the time to sign up ticket, a private key may be used to approach it. With a photo of the authorized owner is to be set on owner account. In this case, owner allows to go to the toilet, restroom or emergency case. This benefits the owner to use ticket multiple times, in long-term period usage. Commuter rail, monorail and transportation like bus make use of this safe virtual ticket.
Figure 3 NFC security system
2.2 Previous Invention According to Sony, Sony and Philips started to develop NFC in earliest day. Their joint between them are aimed to standardize their smart cards and for electronic authentication and authorization. NFC able to be integrate into most of the electronic devices. NFC Forum formed with an attendance of Nokia, Sony and Philip in 2004. The main purpose for forming this group is to promote the security, ease to use and popularity of Near Field Communication. NFC Forum set up a few standards for other NFC compliant devices. NFC tags are small in size, just a piece sticker, can be detected whenever it passes over an NFC device. The tags are common for read-only, but there are tags too, that allow the device to write a new detail to it or change the original one with a new one by ‘format’ and ‘rewrite’ it.
2.2.1 Nokia 6131 According to Sony Corporation’s Felica, the first cell phone that has NFC setting was Nokia 6131, which almost ten years ago. The project was named ‘Touch’. This project is not active anymore. Touch is doing an investigation on Near Field Communication (NFC) that enables connections between mobile phones and things like a tag. It is a technology that service human to deal with everyday routine or situations through their mobile devices.This type of Nokia (Nokia
© 2017 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
6131) focus on two-way communication, that allow user to interact with others. Not the same as card or key which only able to interactive for one-way communication. In an early stage, they established advertising poster which by touching an NFC-enabled mobile phone so that user can get links to Internet in an easy way. Automatically link of NFC-enabled phone to make many tasks become an easy job. For example, open a song with application, send a photo to peer and download files directly to mobile phone.
2.2.1 NFC Security As to protect NFC sharing-content, there is a need to put on a layer of security, especially when making a contactless payment. The mobile phone can be set to authorize that payment with password, pin or keyword, to recognize certain account of a user who is doing that transaction. Unlike a card which can be used by whoever grab it in hand.With an NFC-enabled mobile phone in hand, there is no need to access debit/credit cards, but in the other way that identity of the card will be in the NFC setting of mobile phone. We use them anywhere we want as long as there is NFC-enabled device. Data will not easily transfer from any device to another.
3. System Development Development of NFC started with a simple device to whole NFC installation on the boat. Main detector of NFC tags is the smart phone. The smart phone is convenient, easy carry and handy. When client wants to reach the soft copy of manual sheets, they need only smart phone to connect and get that information from the tag. With NFC setting and online network, they straight reach information about an URL inside tags.
Figure 4 NFC Development Flow Chart Besides progress on the report, progress was started in the industry. A consistent visit is paid to industry to catch up the progress. From basic knowledge of a single stuff in a craft, it goes step by step. With the aids of UES International’s staff, a lots drawing information, job card and quality maintenance are discovered. For example, craft P38 has three big parts, hull, deck and engine. Each big part contains many small parts. UES International manufactured every single small parts by its own industry. In this project, the main focus is on boat P38 and P9. It could be cover three to six months to complete a project. In this project, Dropbox had been picked as an online media to build a cloud-based product information framework. There is a need for product information sharing between manufacturer and clients. Thus, a new email address is registered under UESI Company to sign up Dropbox account. This account will be further used to link to UES International Dropbox. For testing, Dropbox is connected to a specific account for information sharing between the group. Information which shared through Dropbox could be specific by the user, whether to a person or a group of people. Sharing data and information become easier between users. This working gives a lot of convenient to users especially working stuff. And after the projects had been finished, this account will a property to UES International. One of the core information about
© 2017 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
craft is the Marine brochure. The marine brochure which had concluded all boat and craft that manufactured in UES International. Examples are P38-OB, P38-IB, P46 Interceptor and P56. The number is symbolic of the size of boat in inches. The bigger the number explained that the size of boat is larger. In UES International, the largest size boat is P56 which provides exceptional handling performance on rough at high offshore waters, making it prefect for offshore protection and patrolling activities. As to complete this project with NFC technology, NFC tags are used to insert information about Marine brochure and so on. NFC-enabled smart phone was used to detect the signal from tags and gets the information inside tags. First, NFC setting is opened first. With the access of online Internet, it is scanned contactless to the tag within 4cm and not for too far. After a few seconds, the link browser was opened in a tab of smart phone.
Figure 5 NFC Development Process At UESI industry, there is a rack with all manual sheets on it. Some look yellow, dirty, parts tear off and holes. The situation of these hard copies is not in good condition. A better way, when staffs want to refer to manual sheets is by converting hard copy into soft copy. NFC technology is the best choice, as a medium of information sharing. Every craft will has specific tags on it. Marked-tags are easy to find and it will not lose. The tag is to be embedded in a thin plastic platform before implement on craft. It is definitely safe and will not tear off or lost. To refer manual sheets, simple steps will do. Clients are encouraged to use a smart phone with NFC-setting on it and scan tag to get information. Just a few seconds, clients are able to read information about tag easily. With NFC tags, information of craft will be easily built up in soft copy for clients. Besides, a cloud-based communication framework is to be set up, using Dropbox as a medium. This media enables them to achieve the information by connecting to multiple devices such as laptop, office computer, smart phone and home computer. Dropbox share information between manufacturer and clients.
3.1 Installation of NFC From basic, NFC reader device and some tag sticker are bought, then mark has been done to tags with specific name. Personnel Computer have to be installed with NFC application (NFC Install). Java Runtime Environment 1.6.0 is required to download in PC. Go into ‘NFC Install’ file and open ‘nfc-manager’ file, ‘nfc-manager_exe’ file and ‘nfc-manager’ application. Then, put a tag on it and NFC device will light up with a sound ‘tic’.
Figure 6 NFC Manager Application
© 2017 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
Upon opening up the NFC Manager, at the row of Devices, choose DUALi NFC Reader. Then, tags could be read about it. Place a tag on NFC device. Information like UID, Type, Max Size and Current Size will be appearing on the box. Where maximum size means the total size of content information that the tag could be inserted, example 868kb/s. Current size states that size of current information in that tag before reach maximum size of tag. If the current size of tag is 32kbit/s, that means there can be an additional information space of 836kb/s available in the tag. If we want to make corrections to tag, use ‘format tag’ and all the information inside the tag will be clear off. Then we need to rewrite again all data we want to set into the tag. To write tag, try to paste the URL inside column space and click “Write”. If successful, it would show the statement OK. The tags which successfully with URL inserted therefore can be read by smart phone with NFC setting. The tag is small, light and easy to get. It is convenient to every device like a laptop and office computer to get information from it.
Figure 7 NFC device light up when tag touch on it Besides reading tag, the main point of NFC device is to program and write information into the tag. As we are using DUALi brand, there are specific standard of its application. When an NFC device is USB-connected to laptop, the NFC Manager Application will show a status of ‘Connected’. Some programs that we able to reach are Text, URL, Sp, vCard and Android Applications. Simply text of anything can be written into the tag up to size 848kb/s. URL identifier are included internet website link, call request, SMS request, mailto and news. Examples of website link are http://www.duali.com. and http://www.uesoman.com/pdf/p46.pdf. Example of telephone request, Tel: +6012-3456789. While, vCard is a message that included First name, Last name, Organization, Address, City, Postal Code, Country, Email, Phone and Fax. Android application is introduced in Android 4.0 (API level 14) an Android Application Record (AAR) that gives a stronger certainty that your application is started when a tag is scanned on the device. AAR needs a package name of an application that embedded an NDEF record. Tag shows IC manufacturer (NXP), IC Type and NDEF Size (Example is 32/868).
3.2 Design of the Framework This project had been drawn into a planning diagram to look into the whole operating system. First, start by manual sheets. There are maintenance manual and quality manual. The hard copies will be change and convert into soft copy. This is a matter we need to do with cooperation and approval of UES International Sdn. Bhd. Soft copy that had been converted will be saved in UESI database. On the hardware side, NFC tag is crucial and needed. NFC tags will be written and contain of URL information.It is then to be stuck on each craft. The way to implement it on craft is to insert tags into a hard plastic platform. Therefore tag would not easily folded or lost. The suitable and best place to put tag is inside craft deck where it’s not explored to surrounding knockdown and weather destroys. For software system and cloud-based framework to build up, Dropbox acts as a platform or a communication medium which to connect industry manufacturer with clients. When the Dropbox is connected online, we are able to open Dropbox wherever and whenever we want. Dropbox is a reach to laptop, smart phone, office computer and etc. Thus, this communication system is very convenient and easy-conduct for everyone.
© 2017 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
Figure 8 the System Framework The latest mobile devices allow NFC technology connection. It can be said a secure development of mobile phone make a convenient communication device everywhere. NFC technology is embedded in most of the latest smart phone. NFC-enabled smart phone acts as a secure communication with confirmation between two mobile devices and achieves transmission of information. NFC is more power than a QR code, where NFC access to the larger size of content and interact with variety source of data. Since NFC technology is much more convenient, marketer takes this advantage to engage in more application.
4. Analysis and Discussion NFC tags are used instead to get product information. Thus, it is the main point about the availability of tags detection on each trial. The tag is detected in order to get product information, and the time used to detect tag is counted. Numbers of trials had been done on tags in order to know the efficiency of tags detection. 4.1 Trials Detection on Tag Table 1 Trials of 50 times detection on each tag of P38 project. Document in Dropbox File P38 Number of Trial to Number of Number of Loading Document Success Fail 1. Four Stroke Maintenance Schedule 50 50 0 2. PIC 515083 50 50 0 3. Assembly Drawing 50 50 0 4. Interceptor Specification 50 50 0 5. Training Manual 3 50 49 1
Conductibility % 100% 100% 100% 100% 98%
Four Stroke Maintenance Schedule, PIC 515083, Assembly Drawing and Interceptor Specification had 100% of detection on NFC tag. Only “Training Manual” had 98% of overall detection. The one time of fail on “Training Manual” tag is due to the lagging of Internet Wi-Fi. It can be concluded that NFC tag and detector function perfectly every time. The magnetic flux embedded inside tag is a permanent, reliable and functional. As long as the detector is fine, Internet Wi-Fi is good, and tag is nice, this technology is workable on variety product information. Table 2 Trials of 50 times detection on each tag of P9 project. Document in Dropbox File P9 Number of Trial to Number of Number of Loading Document Success Fail 1. Four Stroke Maintenance Schedule 50 50 0 2. PIC 514063 50 49 1
Conductibility % 100% 98%
© 2017 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
3. 4. 5.
50 50 50
Interceptor Specification Assembly Drawing Training Manual 3
48 50 50
2 0 0
96% 100% 100%
The trials on Four Stroke Maintenance, Assembly Drawing and Training Manual tags are all 100% detected. These NFC tags perform perfectly each time. But “PIC” had one time failed and the tag was 98% detection from the experiment. Interceptor Specification had two times failed, which the detection is 96% only. From the percentage, it can be said as it represents the conductibility of tag. The failed was caused by the misplaced and inaccurate of tag on the smart phone detector. Tag that put a distance more than 4cm from smart phone detector would causes it failed to detect at the moment.
Figure 9 The tag’s distance from detector that caused it failed to detect. 4.2 Time Analysis on Tag’s Detection By using smart phone detector, P38 and P9 tags are scanned and detected on seven trials. The time taken was recorded down to compare. Table 3 Time taken for P38 tags to detect. Time taken to detect P38 tag(s) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Four Stroke Maintenance Schedule PIC 515083 Assembly Drawing Interceptor Specification Training Manual 3
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5
Average
14 12 9 14 11
11 8 12 10 10
9 11 8 9 8
9 10 13 11 10
10 9 11 12 9
10.6s 10.0s 10.6s 11.2s 9.6s
Table 4 Time taken for P9 tags to detect. Time taken to detect P9 tag(s) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Four Stroke Maintenance Schedule PIC 515083 Assembly Drawing Interceptor Specification Training Manual 3
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5
Average
9 8 13 12 14
11 13 9 12 9
13 9 9 9 10
10 10 8 10 11
12 9 11 13 9
11.0s 9.8s 10.0s 11.2s 10.6s
From the time analysis table, NFC tag takes an average time of 10.46s to be detected by the smart phone detector. The average time includes the time it detects, opens-up a browser and to the file (download). This is considered a common time for a 3GB RAM and good Internet connection conditions.
© 2017 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
11.5 11 10.5 10 9.5 9 8.5 four store maintenance schedule
plc
assembly drawing p38
interceptor specification
training manual
p9
Figure 10 Average time for NFC tags to access to the product information. It is a common time taken for NFC tag to achieve a certain document in 10 seconds. This is because different smart phone has different processors RAM. Some might have 4GB RAM and some even higher. Besides that, Internet line speed is also a cause that will affect the speed to detect NFC tag. When the Internet line is excellent, then document could achieve in less than 10s. From the figure, some tags have an average speed below 10s as well. When the Internet line is slow, they might need more than 11s to detect the file. But, if there is no Internet signal, it would be fail to detect tag too. The results reflected a good response from the implementation of NFC technology and tag. The development of NFC technology in UESI comes out with good achievement in accomplishing the objectives. NFC tag has functioned well and performing accurately in directing to every single product-information. This proposed framework has verifying and validating the cloud-based framework.
5. Conclusions At this stage, NFC technology had been explored and studied. After discussed, studied and went through all research about NFC technology, the proposed system is then developed at UESI Sdn Bhd. During the development period, NFC technology has been applied on two projects, P38 and P9 respectively. NFC tags are embedded on the sample of the craft body. Post to the implementation, this project had successfully digitalized product information in a cloud-based framework. NFC technology has created a better system framework and product database for reliable referring. The current framework is further justified for a reality manufacturing process. With the understanding of workflow operation, the cloud-based framework represents a new development in this industry. For the critical issues at UESI, this product information framework had supported and contributed an ideal way to manufacturing process. The design of the product information framework is workable and reliable. It is very interesting to the manufacturing industry as well as operation of product information. The workflow of framework brings a firm of availability of product information. The concept of cloud-based manufacturing is to be improved from time to time. In the future, NFC technology will be a solid applicability for implementing product information framework to other industry.
6. Acknowledgement We are grateful to Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for supporting the research and providing materials and useful information. This work is also a collaborative work with the United Engineering Services International (UESI) Sdn. Bhd.
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International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering 2017 & Manufacturing Systems Conference 2017 September 7-8, 2017, Osaka, Japan
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