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carbon beam proton beam. Depth in tissue. 12 cm. EPFL 4- 4.11.10 - U. Amaldi ...
ACCELERATORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS
4 Ugo Amaldi University of Milano Bicocca and TERA Foundation
EPFL 4- 4.11.10 - U. Amaldi
1
The distribution of the dose in hadrontherapy
EPFL 4- 4.11.10 - U. Amaldi
2
The narrow peak has to be enlarged longitudinally linac cobalt 60
Longitudinally and transversally the carbon peak is 3 times narrower than the proton peak.
proton
tail
The widths are prop. to 1/√M
light ion (carbon)
Spread Out Bragg Peak SOBP
General laws: R = Ro (E/Eo)1.82 ΔR/R = 1.8 ΔE/ E
Distal fall-off Δd/d=1%
For Δd 20 keV/μm and RBE > 1.5 in the last 40 mm so that carbon can control radioresistant tumours i.e. tumours which need 2-3 times larger doses to be controlled with either X rays or protons - U. Amaldi
41
„ The “effective dose” in Gye is defined as Gy x RBE At GSI the values of RBE are computed with X-ray cell survival data by using the Local Effect Model (LEM) by G. Kraft el al.
To obtain a „flat‟ dose in Gye the “physical dose” is not „flat‟
Spread Out Bragg Peak
GSI EPFL 4- 4.11.10 - U. Amaldi
42
The GSI Local Effect Model (LEM)
Different for tumour and healthy tissues
Survival =
M. Scholz, GSI EPFL 4- 4.11.10 - U. Amaldi
RBE computed from Survivals 43
Elective indications of carbon ions calculated with LEM
YES
YES
NO
YES
M. Scholz, GSI EPFL 4- 4.11.10 - U. Amaldi
44
Elective indications of carbon ions calculated with LEM
YES
YES
M. Scholz, GSI EPFL 4- 4.11.10 - U. Amaldi
NO
YES
About 80% of all solid tumours 45
Numbers of potential patients (*) X-ray therapy every 10 million inhabitants:
20'000 pts/year
12% of X-ray patients
2'400 pts/year
Protontherapy
Therapy with Carbon ions for radio-resistant tumour 3% of X-ray patients
TOTAL every 10 M
600 pts/year
about 3'000 pts/year
______ (*) Combining studies made in Austria, Germany, France and Italy in the framework of ENLIGHT - Coordinator: Manjit Dosanjh – Projects in FP7: ULICE, PARTNER, ENVISION , ENTERVISION for a total of 22 MEuro EPFL 4- 4.11.10 - U. Amaldi
