Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems (CIMS). (Profs. Minoru Taya and ... •
UW: Center for Advanced Materials in Transport Aircraft. Structures (AMTAS).
Advanced Materials 1. FAA Center of Excellence: AMTAS (Prof. Mark Tuttle) 2. Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems (CIMS) (Profs. Minoru Taya and Chunye Xu) • Actuator and sensor materials • Electro-chromic window technology • MURI 2006 Project on Energy Harvesting and Storage System 3. Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue (Prof. M. Ramulu) 4. Multifunctional Materials (Prof. Jiangyu Li) 5. Multifunctional composite (Prof. Jae Chung)
FAA Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials in Transport Aircraft Structures (AMTAS) • Joint Advanced Materials and Structures (JAMS) Center
announced by FAA in Dec ‘03 with two co-lead universities: •UW: Center for Advanced Materials in Transport Aircraft Structures (AMTAS) •WiSU: Center of Excellence for Composites and Advanced Materials (CECAM)
•UW/AMTAS Administrative Personnel: •Mark Tuttle, Director, ME Department •Kuen Lin, Co-Director, A&A Department •Ellen Barker, Assistant to Director, ME Department
• Detailed website:
http://depts.washington.edu/amtas/
AMTAS Participants Academic Partners • University of Washington (UW; ME, AA, MSE Depts) • Washington State University (WSU) • Oregon State University (OSU) • Edmonds Community College (EdCC) Eleven industrial partners (large & small), all with significant presence within the greater Puget Sound Region. Most active and engaged is Boeing-Commercial
AMTAS Funding Levels Summary of total funding levels to date (8/2006): •
FAA Cash:
$1,257k
•
AMTAS Match: $1,230k
•
Total:
$2,487k
UW: $958k/WSU: $104k/EdCC: $195k Cash: Boeing: $200k UW: $200k In-Kind: Boeing: $811k UW:$573k/WSU: $27k/ EdCC: $211k Heaton: $10k (UW:$2k/EdCC: $8k) Intec: $9k (UW) Recent mat’l donations from Cytec and Toray not yet included)
AMTAS – Future Initial 3-yr Phase I funding expires Sept ’07. Phase II funding likely Intend to evolve AMTAS into regional center for composite-advanced mat’ls and manufacturing, supporting multiple industries (aerospace, automotive, trucking, marine, energy, bio, etc) Possible links to (or collaborations with) Advanced Materials Center being developed by Alex Jen and announced Spring ’06 not yet explored International collaborations evolving (e.g., with U. of Manchester) Challenges: • • • •
Well-established competitors (within US and abroad) receive substantial support from federal/national/local governments UW lab infrastructure/facilities non-competitive Must expand funding base beyond FAA and Boeing Research directions dictated by FAA - frustrating
Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems (CIMS) •
Established in 2000.
•
Participating faculty: Taya (ME), Xu(ME) and Kuga(EE).
•
Annual research expenditure: increasing from $500K(2000) to $1.2M(2005).
•
Researchers supported annualy(2005): one research faculty, 5 post docs, 5 RA students.
•
Funding sources: NSF, AFOSR, ONR, Darpa, Army, Boeing, Honda, Noastec Foundation, Hitachi Powdered Metals, TGIF.
•
Objectives: Research on design, synthesis of active and sensing materials and their devices.
•
CIMS researchers are ranked among top 1-5 inventors of the year in UWOTT report in 2004 and 2005.
•
New research starting on May 2006: AFOSR- MURI on Energy Harvesting and Storage for Future AF vehicles. $6M budget for five years (2006-2011)
•
Threat: Lab space currently in Fluke Hall is not semi-permanent, threatened to move out !!! UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
New Actuator Material : shape memory alloy (SMA) and Ferromagnetic SMA Fe
Fe-Pd spring
Fe-Pd
5 cm
H field on
5 mm
Hybrid magnet (b) 1A
(a) 0A
3D-phase diagram
Fie
ld ( H)
austenite phase Temperature (T)
Young’s modulus (GPa)
120
Stress martensite phase (σ)
Ma gn e tic
(c) 3A
80
martensite phase
austenite phase
40
0 -50
Ms 0
50
100
Temperature (°C)
UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
150
Applications for SMA / FSMA Bio-inspired flight FSMA composite synthetic jet actuator
High temperature SMA actuator/sensor FSMA composite linear inchworm actuator High energy absorbing SMA foam
UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
UW design of Synthetic Jet Actuator (SJA) for control of unstable low Mach number flight
Jet slots Wing box SJA cylindrical package FSMA composite diaphragm
electromagnet
slot
Flow Velocity (m/s)
250 200 150 100 50 50
100
150
200
250
Frequency (Hz)
UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
300
Flapping motions of a FSMA composite wing for MAV a
b
10 mm
Power input: 5V, 0.9A Flapping frequency: 19Hz Flapping angle = 115°
d
30mm
31mm NiTi/polymer wing
c
e
57mm
NiTi wing frame: thickness = 0.3mm width ranging from 2.2mm to 0.5mm (depending on location) UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
High energy absorbing SMA for use in protecting human against blast loading and collision
Buckling load (kN)
Buckling load (kN)
10 8 30mm 34mm 60mm 120mm 150mm
6 4 2
30mm 60mm 120mm 150mm
8 6 4 2 0
0 0
5
10
Displacement (mm)
15
0
5
10
15
Displacement (mm)
UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
High energy absorbing SMA foam Specimen length (mm)
(a)
300
250
5000 Pc2
(b)
With side force
3000
Without side force Pc1
2000
Side constrain
σys=131MPa, E=205GPa t=2mm, W=20mm
1000
Open : elastic buckling (Euler’s estimation) Solid : plastic buckling (Johnson’s estimation) 0 0
100
200
300
400
Side force F required for buckling mode change (N) 1200 13% porosity NiT i
1000
Stress (MPa)
Buckling load (N)
4000
180 170 160
200
Solid NiT i
800 600 400 200
1mm
0 0
1
2
3
4
5
Strain (%)
UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
6
Electrochromic Windows
• Enlarge size • Scale down
ECW of aircraft
welding shields
http://www.sage-ec.com/pages
Xu, C., Kong, X., Liu, L. Su, F., Kim, S. and Taya, M., “Smart Glass Based on Electrochromic Polymers” Smart Structures and Materials, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 6168, pp.61681N, 2006
UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
ECWs in Various Scales
1x1, 3x3, 6x6, 12x12 inch
12 x 20 inch (30.5 x 50.8 cm) Xu, C., Liu, L., Legenski, S. E., Ning, D., and Taya, M., “Switchable Window Based on Electrochromic (EC) Polymers”, Journal of Materials Research, Vol.19, No.7, pp. 2072-2080, 2004
UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
Electroactive polymer for Bio-sensors and actuators F2 C
F2 C
F C
F2 C
x
Ionic polymer F2 C
F2 C
F2 C
y
(OCF2CF) O
F C
m
F2 C
n
COOH
x
n
O CF 2 CF
Nafion (Dupont)
O CF 2 CF 2 m
CF 3
CF3
SO 3 H
Flemion (Asahi Glass)
3x3 array actuator
Compliant Electrode key technology for durable use Gold plating by impregnation reduction Cross section 16 μm
Scheme
2s
5s
2s
5s
0.7s
2s
0s 180 micron thick
0s
Fish fin
125 micron thick
0s 50 micron thick
Le Guilly, M., Xu, C., Cheng, V., Taya, M., Lucien Opperman and Yasuo Kuga, “Flemion Based Actuator for Mechanically Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, alkyl ammonium Controlled Microwave Switch”, Smart Structures and Materials, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5051, pp.362-371, 2003
Solvent and counter ion
UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
MURI on Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems (EHSS) Period: May/2006-May/2011 Funding: $6M Funding Agency, AFOSR Researchers: Minoru Taya, PI of the entire team UW: Chunye Xu (ME), G. Cao(MSE), S. Jenekhe(ChemE), Y. Kuga(EE) CU: M. Dunn, K. Maute, R. Yang UCLA : T. Hahn, S Ju VPI : D. Inman Collaborating Industry, Boeing, etc.
Goal : To develop a set of energy harvesting materials and systems for future AF vehicles April 7, 2006 UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
Multi-scale approach to design of energy harvesting aircraft systems
+
b. component level Polymer battery cells Polymer solar cells antenna system under the wing with TE
thermo-electric (TE)
antenna
PBC
TEC
PCB antenna
Binder polymer d. nano-composite level n-type TE
Power amplifier p-type TE TEC
Porous Cu collector
Thermal interface material (TIM) UW - Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems
nano-scale
Carbon nano tube network
TEC
micro-scale
Heat spreader
c. material level Polymer solar cell Polymer matrix composite (PMC) cell Battery package layer (BPL) Cathode TIM anode separator BPL PMC
skin
macro-scale
a. system level Polymer solar cells (PSC)
Multifunctional Materials Laboratory PI: Jiangyu Li
Postdoc: L. Zhang; Graduate Students: Q.G. Du, Y.F. Ma, L.J. Li, B. Walsh
Sponsors: NSF/DMI/DMR, ONR/UNL, ACS PRF, UW RRF Experiment
Theory
Computation
Nanostructure Formation
Microcompounding Multi-scale Theory of Ferroelectrics
• Mission: to Analyze, Design & Optimize
Nanoimprinting
Multifunctional Materials/Structures • Systems: Ferroelectrics, Magnetics, Multiferroics, EAP, Nanocomposites… • Applications: Sensing, Actuation, Energy Harvesting/Storage, Information Processing, etc
Domain Configuration
Key Publications in Nature Materials, Physical Review Letters, Applied Physics Letters, JMPS
Multifunctional carbon nanotube composite Chung; nanomanufacturing lab. Objective: multifunctional carbon nanotube composite for extreme specific-strength, toughness, high thermal stability, excellent mechanical damping properties and high electrical conductivities. Carbon nanotube weaver to fabricate CNT texture by capillary reaction with dielectrophoresis.
