9th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering, INTER-ENG 2015, ... and also a Java GUI for an easier overview on the issue and on the results. ... Although it appears to be simple on a first sight, the agriculture is complex ... Also, the number of solutions depends and is set by the algorithm, not by the user.
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 431 – 439
WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDULW\LQ(QJLQHHULQJ,17(5(1*2FWREHU 7LUJX0XUHV5RPDQLD
$Q$OJRULWKP%DVHGRQWKH%DFNWUDFNLQJ0HWKRGIRU&URSSLQJ 6\VWHPVDQGWKH5RWDWLRQRI&XOWXUHV 'RUX$QDVWDVLX3RSHVFXD 1LFRODH%ROGE$OLQD&ODXGLD%ROGE E
D )DFXOW\RI0DWKHPDWLFVDQG&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH8QLYHUVLW\RI3LWHVWL3LWHVWL5RPDQLD 8QLYHUVLW\RI$JURQRPLF6FLHQFHVDQG9HWHULQDU\0HGLFLQH%XFKDUHVW)DFXOW\RI0DQDJHPHQW(FRQRPLF(QJLQHHULQJLQ$JULFXOWXUHDQG5XUDO 'HYHORSPHQW6ODWLQD%UDQFK6WUHKDUHWL6W6ODWLQD2OW&RXQW\5RPDQLD
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© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH³3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\RI7LUJX0XUHV)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJ Peer-review under responsibility of the “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering .H\ZRUGVFURSSLQJV\VWHPEDFNWUDFNLQJFXOWXUH-DYDEXGJHW
*HQHUDOLQIRUPDWLRQ 7KHDJULFXOWXUHLVDGRPDLQSUHVHQWHYHU\GD\LQRXUOLIHEHLQJHVVHQWLDOIRUWKHVXUYLYDORIKXPDQEHLQJVEHFDXVH LWDVVXUHWKHGDLO\IRRG$OWKRXJKLWDSSHDUVWREHVLPSOHRQDILUVWVLJKWWKHDJULFXOWXUHLVFRPSOH[DQGDVHULHVRI
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO (PDLODGGUHVVGRSRSDQ#\DKRRFRP
2212-0173 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2016.01.078
432
Doru Anastasiu Popescu et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 431 – 439
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±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³ILWWLQJPDWUL[´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
Doru Anastasiu Popescu et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 431 – 439
433
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±GHVFULSWLRQRIWKHDOJRULWKP 7KHFXOWXUHVZLOOEHFRGHGE\FRQVHFXWLYHQXPEHUV«,QWKLVZD\ZHXVHWKHQH[WGDWDVWUXFWXUHV N±WKHWRWDOQXPEHURIFXOWXUHV 7RWDOBFXOWXUHV>L@±PHPRUL]HWKHWRWDOLW\RIFXOWXUHVL N %XGJHW>L@±WKHEXGJHWVSHQWIRUWKHLFXOWXUHL N )URPDOOWKHVHFXOWXUHVWKHXVHUZLOOKDYHWKHRFFDVLRQWRFKRRVHWKHFXOWXUHVZDQWHGWREHFXOWLYDWHG7KHLQLWLDO QXPEHURIFURSVLQWKHSURJUDPLV ,Q RUGHU WR JHQHUDWH DOO WKH FURSSLQJV\VWHP SRVVLELOLWLHV ZLWKLQ WKH KROGLQJ ZH XVH D PHWKRG EDVHG RQ EDFNWUDFNLQJ DOJRULWKP 7KH PHWKRG XVHV DV LQSXW GDWD IRU ILQGLQJ FURSSLQJV\VWHP SRVVLELOLWLHV WKH QXPEHU RI FXOWXUHVZKLFKFDQEHFXOWLYDWHGLQWKHDUHDQ WKHQXPEHURISDUFHOVLQZKLFKWKHWRWDOVXUIDFHLVGLYLGHGZKLFK
434
Doru Anastasiu Popescu et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 431 – 439
DOVRPHDQVWKHQXPEHURI\HDUVLQWKHFURSSLQJV\VWHP±LWVGXUDWLRQ±RUWKHQXPEHURIFXOWXUHVWREHFXOWLYDWHGLQ RXUFDVHLVPDUNHGZLWKP DQGWKH³ILWWLQJ´PDWUL[ZKLFKVKRZVZKDWSUHFXUVRU\FXOWXUHVFDQEHFXOWLYDWHGEHIRUH WKHPDLQFXOWXUHZKLFKFDQEHXSGDWHGFRQWLQXRXVO\ZLWKYDULRXVFXOWXUHVDVLWFDQEHVHHQLQ7DEOH 7DEOH([DPSOHRIURZVDQGFROXPQVLQWKH³ILWWLQJ´WZRGLPHQVLRQDODUUD\
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±WKHQXPEHURISRVVLEOHFXOWXUHV &XOWXUHV>Q@±FKRVHQFXOWXUHVWKDWFDQEHFXOWLYDWHG P±WKHQXPEHURIFXOWXUHVWKDWDUHZDQWHGWREHFXOWLYDWHGWKHQXPEHURIVROHVWKHGXUDWLRQRIWKHFURSSLQJ V\VWHP 3RVVLEOHBFXOWXUHV>P@±WKHFXOWXUHVWKDWDUHZDQWHGWREHFXOWLYDWHG )LWWLQJ>Q@>Q@±WKH³ILWWLQJ´PDWUL[WZRGLPHQVLRQDODUUD\ %XGJHW>Q@±WKHEXGJHWVSHQWIRUHDFKFXOWXUH 3ULFH>Q@±WKHSULFHIRUWKHFURSWKDWLVVROG3URGXFWBSULFH>Q@3URGXFWBFRVWV>Q@±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
±:KHDW ±&RUQ ±6XQIORZHU
$OOFURSSLQJV\VWHPSRVVLELOLWLHVDUH JHQHUDWHG $QH[DPSOHLVSUHVHQWHGLQWKHULJKW
7KHFXOWXUHVDUHRXWSXWGHSHQGLQJRQ &RUQ WKHXSSHUJHQHUDWLRQWKHGHFRGLILFDWLRQ :KHDW 6XQIORZHU RIJHQHUDWHGVROXWLRQ )LJ7KHSURFHVVRIJHQHUDWLQJFURSSLQJV\VWHPSRVVLELOLWLHV
435
Doru Anastasiu Popescu et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 431 – 439
7KHJHQHUDWHGVROXWLRQV ZLOO EHVWRUHGLQWKHVWULQJ[ ZLWKFRPSRQHQWV[[ [«[P ZKHUH[LFDQWDNHDV YDOXHVDQ\QXPEHUVIURPWKHVHW^«Q`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
)LJ-DYD*8,IRUWKHDOJRULWKP
7KHXVHUFKRRVHVZKLFKFXOWXUHVFDQEHFXOWLYDWHG7KHQWKHGXUDWLRQRIWKHURWDWLRQLVHVWDEOLVKHGWKHQXPEHURI SDUFHOVLQZKLFKWKHHQWLUHVXUIDFHZLOOEHGLYLGHGRUP $IWHUWKDWWKHFURSSLQJV\VWHPSRVVLELOLWLHVDUHJHQHUDWHG XVLQJRQHRIWKHWZRPHWKRGVPHQWLRQHGDERYH%DVHGRQWKLVOLVWWKHEXGJHWIRUHYHU\SRVVLELOLW\LVJHQHUDWHGDQG RXWSXWLQWKHQH[WDUHDRIWKHLQWHUIDFH)RUILQGLQJWKHPRVWSURILWDEOHFURSSLQJV\VWHPSRVVLELOLW\ZHZLOOIROORZ RQHRIWKHWZRGLUHFWLRQVIRUWKHILUVWGLUHFWLRQZKHQWKHSURGXFWLRQLVVROGGLUHFWO\WKHWRWDOLQFRPHSHUSRVVLELOLW\ DQGWKHSURILWDIIHUHQWWRHDFKRQHLVFDOFXODWHG)RUWKHVHFRQGGLUHFWLRQLQFDVHRIVHOOLQJSURGXFWVREWDLQHGIURP WKHFURSVLQWKHFURSSLQJV\VWHPWKHXVHULQWURGXFHVWKHSULFHIRUHYHU\SURGXFWDQGWKHH[SHQVHVIRULWVSURGXFWLRQ ILQGLQJIXUWKHUWKHDIIHUHQWSURILWREWDLQHGDIWHUWKHVROGRISURGXFWV
436
Doru Anastasiu Popescu et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 431 – 439
([DPSOH :HZLOOVKRZLQWKHQH[WURZVDQH[DPSOHRIJHQHUDWLQJFURSSLQJV\VWHPSRVVLELOLWLHV:HFRQVLGHUDWWKLVWLPH WKDWRXU³ILWWLQJ´WZRGLPHQVLRQDODUUD\FRQWDLQVFXOWXUHVZKHDWFRUQEDUOH\FRO]DVXQIORZHUSHDVDQGVR\:H WDNH DV H[DPSOH DQ DJULFXOWXUDO KROGLQJ VLWXDWHG LQ WKH VRXWK RI 2OW &RXQW\ QHDU 'DQXEH PHDGRZ ZKLFK KDV D VXUIDFHRIKDHDFKFXOWXUHFXOWLYDWHGRQDVXUIDFHRIKD7KHSULFHVDQGWKHDYHUDJHSURGXFWLRQIRUWKHVHYHQ FXOWXUHVDUHSUHVHQWHGLQ7DEOH 7DEOH3ULFHDQGDYHUDJHSURGXFWLRQIRUFXOWXUHVWDNHQDVH[DPSOH>@
&XOWXUH :KHDW &RUQ %DUOH\ 6XQIORZHU &RO]D 3HDV 6R\
3ULFHRQPDUNHWLQ >OHLNJ@
$YHUDJHSURGXFWLRQLQ >NJKD@
&RVWVKD >OHLKD@
7KHIDUPHUZDQWVDWKUHHFRXUVHURWDWLRQ,QWKLVORFDWLRQWKHFOLPDWHLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKHQH[WYDOXHV 7KHDQQXDODYHUDJHWHPSHUDWXUHLVÛ&LQWKHZLQWHULVÛ&DQGLQWKHVXPPHUUHDFKHVÛ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
1R
3RVVLELOLW\ :KHDW&RUQ6XQIORZHU :KHDW&RUQ6R\ :KHDW6XQIORZHU3HDV :KHDW6XQIORZHU6R\ :KHDW&RO]D6R\ :KHDW3HDV6XQIORZHU :KHDW3HDV&RO]D &RUQ6XQIORZHU:KHDW &RUQ6XQIORZHU%DUOH\ &RUQ6XQIORZHU3HDV &RUQ6XQIORZHU6R\ &RUQ6R\:KHDW %DUOH\&RUQ6XQIORZHU %DUOH\6XQIORZHU3HDV %DUOH\3HDV6XQIORZHU %DUOH\3HDV&RO]D
&RVWV OHL
,QFRPH OHL
3URILWDIWHUVHOOLQJ WKHFURSOHL
3URILWZLWK VXEVLGLHVOHL
437
Doru Anastasiu Popescu et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 431 – 439
6XQIORZHU:KHDW&RUQ 6XQIORZHU:KHDW3HDV 6XQIORZHU%DUOH\&RUQ 6XQIORZHU%DUOH\3HDV 6XQIORZHU3HDV:KHDW 6XQIORZHU3HDV&RUQ 6XQIORZHU3HDV%DUOH\ 6XQIORZHU6R\:KHDW 6XQIORZHU6R\&RUQ &RO]D:KHDW3HDV &RO]D%DUOH\3HDV &RO]D6R\:KHDW 3HDV:KHDW6XQIORZHU 3HDV&RUQ6XQIORZHU 3HDV%DUOH\6XQIORZHU 3HDV6XQIORZHU:KHDW 3HDV6XQIORZHU%DUOH\ 3HDV&RO]D:KHDW 3HDV&RO]D%DUOH\ 6R\:KHDW&RUQ 6R\:KHDW6XQIORZHU 6R\:KHDW&RO]D 6R\&RUQ6XQIORZHU
:HZLOOREVHUYHWKDWWKHPRVWSURILWDEOHSRVVLELOLW\LQZDV%DUOH\±3HDV±&RO]DLQLWV³F\FOLFDO´IRUP@ >@ >@ >@
KWWSZZZFUHHD]DFRPDIDFHULDJULFXOWXUD$VRODPHQWHVLURWDWLLSKS &RUPHQ7+/HLVHUVRQ&(5LYHVW5/6WHLQ&,QWURGXFWLRQWRDOJRULWKPVVHFRQGHGLWLRQ0,73UHVV %DOFDX&&RPELQDWRULFVDQG*UDSK7KHRU\8QLYHUVLW\RI3LWH܈WL3XEOLVKLQJ5RPDQLDQHGLWLRQ 3RSHVFX'$%ROG16\VWHPRIPRQLWRULQJWKHLUULJDWLRQRIDQDJULFXOWXUDOVXUIDFH7KHWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH2Q9LUWXDO/HDUQLQJ 2FWREHU2FWREHU0RGHOVDQG0HWKRGRORJLHV7HFKQRORJLHV6RIWZDUH6ROXWLRQV%XFKDUHVW5RPDQLD >@ 3RSHVFX'$%RURJKLQD*0RQLWRULQJRI,UULJDWLRQV\VWHPV8VLQJ*HQHWLF$OJRULWKPV,&06$2 7XUNH\ >@ &RQVWDQWLQ'6DPDUHVFX10RGHUQWHFKQLTXHVRIXVLQJWKHFRPSXWHU7LSDUJ3XEOLVKLQJ3LWH܈WL5RPDQLDQHGLWLRQ >@ 9LRUHO,&XOWLYDWLRQFRXUVH5RPDQLDQHGLWLRQ >@ $1$)KWWSVVWDWLFDQDIURVWDWLF$QDI$VLVWHQWD&RQWULEXDELOLBUSUHWXULBPHGLL9/SGI >@ KWWSZZZDJULFXOWRUURDUWLFOH*UDXO >@KWWSZZZUHYLVWDIHUPDURDUWLFROHWHKQRORJLLDJULFROH
Doru Anastasiu Popescu et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 431 – 439
439
>@KWWSZZZPDGUURDWWDFKPHQWVDUWLFOH$'(5UDSRUWDQXDOSGI >@-RQHVD-:+RRJHQERRPE*3RUWHUD&+%RRWHD.-%DWFKHORUF:'+XQWG/$:LONHQVH3:6LQJKH8*LMVPDQD$-5LWFKLHI-77KH '66$7FURSSLQJV\VWHPPRGHO(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI$JURQRP\9ROXPH,VVXHV±-DQXDU\3DJHV± >@3DQLJUDK\ 6 0DQMXQDWK .5 5D\ 66 'HULYLQJ FURSSLQJ V\VWHP SHUIRUPDQFH LQGLFHV XVLQJ UHPRWH VHQVLQJ GDWD DQG *,6 ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDORI5HPRWH6HQVLQJ9ROXPH,VVXH >@%HUJH]-(8VLQJDJHQHWLFDOJRULWKPWRGHILQHZRUVWEHVWDQGEHVWZRUVWRSWLRQVRID'(;LW\SHPRGHO$SSOLFDWLRQWRWKH0$6&PRGHORI FURSSLQJV\VWHPVXVWDLQDELOLW\&RPSXWHUVDQG(OHFWURQLFVLQ$JULFXOWXUH ± >@3DYRQ5%UXQHOOL5YRQ/FNHQ&'HWHUPLQLQJ2SWLPDO&URS5RWDWLRQVE\8VLQJ0XOWLREMHFWLYH(YROXWLRQDU\$OJRULWKPV.QRZOHGJH %DVHGDQG,QWHOOLJHQW,QIRUPDWLRQDQG(QJLQHHULQJ6\VWHPV9ROXPHRIWKHVHULHV/HFWXUH1RWHVLQ&RPSXWHU6FLHQFHSS >@.KRVKQHYLVDQD % %RODQGQD]DUD ( 6KDPVKLUEDQGE 6 6KDULDWLD +0 $QXDUG 1% .LDKG 0/0 'HFUHDVLQJ HQYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFWV RI FURSSLQJV\VWHPVXVLQJOLIHF\FOHDVVHVVPHQW/&$ DQGPXOWLREMHFWLYHJHQHWLFDOJRULWKP-RXUQDORI&OHDQHU3URGXFWLRQ