DELPHI collaboration DELPHI 2000-022 CONF 343 1 March 2000

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Mar 1, 2000 - QCD Results from the DELPHI Measurements of. Event Shape and Inclusive Particle Distributions from 192 to 202 GeV. J.Dreesi, U.Flagmeyeri ...
    

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DELPHI (preliminary)

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0.11

0.115

0.12

0.125

0.13

0.135

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