Dynamics of Adhesion Control for Different Lubricants - Science Direct

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ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 426 – 429

International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2016

Dynamics of Adhesion Control for Different Lubricants K.N. Voinova,* a

National Research University of Information Technology, Mechanics and Optics, 49, Kronverkskiy av., St-Petersburg 197101, Russia

Abstract The article presents two examples of testing the adhesion properties for the lubricants of two sorts, namely: plastic and liquid in dynamics. Maintaining perfect control of the adhesion characteristics for different lubricants in contact with surfaces (for example: metal, plastic, glass, ceramics, alloys, composites and so forth) constitutes a very important aspect of the process. It is common knowledge that a bad lubricant cannot work correctly in any mobile mechanical junctions. In this case the temperature will usually increase; the wear and tear will grow as well. So, here we aim at suggesting new devices to control both the adhesion and the quality of the two types of lubricants. New devices showed very good practical results, so we recommend these novelties to be used not only in-lab but in-situ for multiple pairs of friction in mechanisms and machines. © by Elsevier Ltd. by This is an open © 2016 2016Published The Authors. Published Elsevier Ltd.access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility ofthe organizing committee of ICIE 2016. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016 Keywords: Plastic and liquid lubricant; device; rotation; adhesion; test

1. Introduction Unfortunately there are many bad lubricants which the unscrupulous people, using aggressive publicity, try to sell. From time to time they make bold to say that their new lubricant is the best in the world. Using it we can supposedly get super-effect in operation for our pairs of friction. They establish that even a very small amount of their lubricant helps to decrease the wear practically to zero. But it is the rude fraud. In this situation both person and the technical equipment suffer. At the present day many consumers don’t have a simple and rapid devices and especially test benches to control many important characteristics of lubricants. Among many factors we must really know the adhesion during the rotation of parts in mechanisms and machines (shafts, pin and others). Active standards and rules aren’t good in practice. Statics tests can not reflect the real picture for different lubricants about

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-812-376-8972; fax: +7-812-376-8972. E-mail address: [email protected]

1877-7058 © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.009

K.N. Voinov / Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 426 – 429

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their behavior in operation. That’s why it is needed to work out such devices which can quickly show us the adhesion and the quality of lubricants. It’s the main aim of this work. 2. The essence of the adhesion control for the plastic lubricant The new test bench or device which is demonstrated below (fig. 1) was made some months ago.

Fig. 1. The common view of the adhesimeter

The main parts of this device are the next: x high-speed engine/motor on the upper shelf of the frame; x the shaft which is connected with the motor and has got the plate on its other end to hinder for our plastic lubricant to fall down freely; x transformer; x precise scales; x transducer of velocity to change and control the rotation of the shaft; x light and transparent glass which we place on the scales before the trial. The measured amount of plastic lubricant we put on the shaft around the diameter. The next step is the placing of the glass on the scales to fix the weight of it. After this action we begin to switch the motor using special button. Rotating it slowly we increase the velocity for the shaft. At the definite moment small amount of plastic lubricant begins to be cut off from the rest lubricant and from the shaft. When the first drops of the lubricant will fall on the glass the precise scales shows this situation. At this moment we have to fix the velocity of rotation for our shaft. The finish of test is then when all lubricant will be on the bottom and walls of the glass. So we get the full range of the velocity in dynamic when adhesion is present. At the same time we get the oblique control of the plastic lubricant too. Using this method we can change the condition in which we make this test. Namely, we can easily change the temperature. Placing inside the chamber heating element we increase the temperature (fig. 2). For example, here they are two results of testing the lubricants. 1) Unirex ʋ3 ISO L-XADHB 3 DIN 51825-K 3 N-10 NLGI 3 (Esso): vmin =3280 min-1 and vmax = 3340 min-1; 2) Russian lubricant ȼɇɂɂɇɉ-207ȿ vmin = 2480 min-1 and vmax = 2575 min-1. Moreover this control of adhesion we can realize if the temperature is below zero using the refrigeration chamber [1-20]. So the first task is completely solved.

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Fig. 2. There is the heating spiral/element on the back wall of chamber.

3. The essence of the adhesion control for the liquid lubricant Apparently, in this case we can’t use the previous apparatus without modernization because of the process when the liquid lubricant begins to flow quickly down. I managed to create the simplest device (fig. 3) to test the adhesion of the liquid lubricant.

Fig. 3. The device to test the adhesion of the liquid lubricant: 1 – chamber; 2 – plate; 3 – fender of the plate (circular); 4 – liquid lubricant; 5 – bearings; 6 – motor shaft; 7 – motor (with high revolution); 8 – upper bush; 9 – coupling sleeve; 10 – connecting shaft both with the plate and with the coupling sleeve; 11 – thin light and transparent glass which we place on the scales 16 before the trial; 12 – supporting pivot; 13 – lower bush; 14 – foundation of the pivot; 15 – wall support; 16 - precise scales; 17 – table.

The height of the fender is very small (not more 2 mm) and it has very gently sloping and smooth (after polishing) surfaces. Surfaces of our plate can be made from different materials; they have various roughness and

K.N. Voinov / Procedia Engineering 150 (2016) 426 – 429

structure; liquid lubricant can be different, as well. It’s easy to investigate the adhesion and the quality of liquid lubricant in dynamics. Described method can be applied to the test of the adhesion for the different lubricants (liquid or plastic) which have got inside the small elements in a view of the mud, namely: the elements of the deterioration which appear from the pairs of friction. 4. Conclusion Thus the problem connected with the procedure of effective control the properties (adhesion and quality) of the lubricant (plastic or liquid) in dynamics is solved in full. Two devices were worked out and realized in practice. Moreover at the present time the researcher has got a possibility to make the effective control of adhesion for different lubricant if there are many different muds in it. For example, it can be the small parts of wear and tear (metal, plastic from the cuff or the sealing and so on), abrasive elements and others. References [1] K.N. Voinov, Problems and solutions in matters of friction and wear, monograph, Nestor- History, St. Petersburg, 2015. [2] K.N. Voinov, RU Patent 2514434. (2014). [3] K.N. Voinov, E.V. Samoilova, RU Patent 86313. (2009). [4] K.N. Voinov, A. Yu. Grigoryev, Tribology and reliability: a monograph, ITMO University, Nestor History, St. Petersburg, 2015. [5] K.N. Voinov, Tribology - International Encyclopedia, Volume X, The modeling and calculations in tribology and reliability, Nestor-history, St. Petersburg, 2015. [6] K.N. Voinov, Tribology - International Encyclopedia, Volume I, The historical information, terms and definitions, ANIMA, Krasnodar - St. Petersburg, 2010. [7] K.N. Voinov, How to diminish the wear for chains, which are tight on the sprockets, in: Proceedings of the International Conf. in Sofia, BULTRIB. 12 (2012) 109௅115. [8] K.N. Voinov, About application of the new organic lubricant, in: Proceedings of the XIIth International Conf. in St. Petersburg. (2012) 17௅35. [9] K. Voinov, New organic Lubricant, in: Proceedings in the International Conf. in Sofia, BULTRIB. 12 (2012) 30௅34. [10] K.N. Voinov, Tribology - International Encyclopedia, Volume II, Machines, test benches and working principles for the tribo-testis, ANIMA, Krasnodar - St. Petersburg, 2011. [11] K.N. Voinov, Tribology - International Encyclopedia, Volume III, Devices, working principles, means of test and control, PGUPS, St. Petersburg, 2012. [12] K.N. Voinov, Tribology - International Encyclopedia, Volume IV, Physics-Chemistry in the processes of friction-deteriorations, PGUPS, St. Petersburg, 2012. [13] K.N. Voinov, Tribology - International Encyclopedia, Volume V, Lubricants, additives for the mobile tribo-joints, hermetic and sealings, University ITMO, St. Petersburg, 2013. [14] K.N. Voinov, Tribology - International Encyclopedia, Volume VI, Technology methods to increase the reliability of operation for the tribojunctions, University ITMO, IFToMM: Nestor-History, St. Petersburg, 2013. [15] K.N. Voinov, Tribology - International Encyclopedia, Volume VII, Efficient designs in tribo-junctions, University ITMO, IFToMM: NestorHistory, St. Petersburg, 2014. [16] K.N. Voinov, Tribology - International Encyclopedia, Volume VIII, Principles of calculations for pairs of friction and for the separate elements, University ITMO, IFToMM: Nestor-History, St. Petersburg, 2014. [17] K.N. Voinov, Tribology - International Encyclopedia, Volume IX, Effective tribology during the processes of the different machining for billets/parts, University ITMO, IFToMM: Nestor-History, St. Petersburg, 2015. [18] K.N. Voinov, Applied physics, Part I, University ITMO, Nestor-History, St. Petersburg, 2015. [19] K.N. Voinov, Prognosis of the Reliability for the Mechanical Systems, Mechanical engineering, Leningrad, 1978. [20] K.N. Voinov, A.Ju. Grigor’ev, D.P. Malyavko, Album of mechanisms and some calculations – monograph, Nestor-History, St. Petersburg, 2015.

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