Jincheng Huang, Lin Lin, Yaodong Wang, Jianbin Qin, Anthony P. Roskilly, Lulu Li, Tiancheng. Ouyang, Yanhua Yu. Experimental study of the performance and ...
Asian Research Consortium Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 7, No. 2, February 2017, pp. 310-330. ISSN 2249-7315 A Journal Indexed in Indian Citation Index DOI NUMBER: 10.5958/2249-7315.2017.00093.4 Category:Science and Technology
Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities www.aijsh.com
Effects of Injection Timing and Injection Pressure on Biodiesel Fuelled Engine Performance Characteristics: A Review P. Mohamed Shameer*; K. Ramesh**; R. Purnachandran***; R. Sakthivel**** *Research Scholars, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India. **Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India. ***Research Scholars, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India. ****Research Scholars, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
Abstract As the petroleum resources are finite, the hunt for their substitute non-petroleum fuels for IC engines and researches on the effective adaptability of alternative sources is continuing. This review paper evaluates the variation of performance characteristics regarding the operating parameters of Compression Ignition engine powered by various biodiesel to adapt the engine effectively. The main aim of this paper is to propose the significance of fuel injection timing and injection pressure on the efficient engine performance. This paper spotlight the advance and retardation techniques of injection timing and injection pressure to investigate the performance 310
Shameer et al. (2017). Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 7, No.2, pp. 310-330.
indicators such as brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and exhaust gas temperature, to conclude a comparative assessment with pertinent reasons for the variation of the performance characteristics have been discussed.
Keywords: Engine, Biodiesel, Performance, Injection timing, Injection pressure.
1.Introduction Around the year 2020, world’s oil supply will achieve its utmost production and mediocre of exhaustion [43]. Due to extensive use of fossil fuels, the rapid diminution of petroleum reserves has forced to seek for renewable resources. Much interest has been focused on biomass sources, predominantly vegetable oils. Already in numerous countries including India has commenced the usage of alternative fuel, replacing the diesel by certain amount of biodiesel. Over the past two decades, many investigations have extended in area of powering diesel engine with biodiesels derived from various feedstocks. It was accounted that the engine operating parameters such as fuel injection timing and injection pressure were found to have noteworthy effects on the performance of diesel engine when fuelled with biodiesel-diesel blends. For efficient utilization in Compression Ignition Diesel Injection (CIDI) engine, it is significant to review the consequences of injection timing and injection pressure variation on the performance characteristics for numerous biodiesels. Nomenclature IT IP CAD BTDC ATDC BSFC BTE BSEC EGT SOC NA NM NC Std IT Std IP Adv IT Ret IT Mod IP ASTM
Injection Timing Injection Pressure Crank Angle Degree Before Top Dead Centre After Top Dead Centre Brake Specific Fuel Consumption Brake Thermal Efficiency Brake Specific Energy Consumption Exhaust Gas Temperature Start of Combustion Not Analyzed Not Mentioned No Change Standard Injection Timing Standard Injection Pressure Advanced Injection Timing Retarded Injection Timing Modified Injection Pressure American Society for Testing and Materials
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Shameer et al. (2017). Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 7, No.2, pp. 310-330.
2.Biodiesel Production Biodiesel were prepared as methyl or ethyl esters through transesterification process which is also identified as alcoholysis. The function of this process is to reduce the higher viscosity of raw oil [3,6,8,9,17,22,26,29,30,32,34,35,41]. This process involved the addition of alcohol such as methanol or ethanol (15%) and catalyst such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide (5%) with the oil. The molecule of raw oil breaks into methyl or ethyl esters along with glycerol (byproduct). This procedure amplifies the cetane number and volatility nearly to the equivalent levels of conventional diesel fuel. The properties of prepared biodiesel blends were depicted by the researchers, which are listed in Table 1. Different types of diesel engines used in the studies are sorted and portrayed in Table 2.
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Shameer et al. (2017). Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 7, No.2, pp. 310-330.
Table 1: Various Properties of Biodiesel Fuels S.N o
Ref. No
Biodiesel
Densi ty @15d eg g/cm3 AST M D129 8 0.88 0.918 0.865 0.847 9 0.863 2
Viscos ity @40d eg cSt
B100
Blen d
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1 2 3 5 5 6 8 8 9
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
10 11 12 13 14 15
Cetan e Numb er
Fire point O
Pour poin t
Oxyg en
Sulfu r
Carb on
Hydro gen
Nitrog en
wt%
wt%
wt%
wt%
wt%
6 -18
11.72
0.05
78.14
9.98
0.01
O
ASTM D445
AST M D240
AST M D976
3.98 3.62 4.2
36.8 36.89 -
48
2.82
-
46.3
-
-
-
2.46
0.039
-
-
-
3.04
-
47.1
-
-
-
4.92
0.03
-
-
-
0.866
4.55
38.034
66.9
-
170
9
-
0
-
-
-
B100 B40
0.878 0.859
4.8 3.85
36.5 40.1
51 51
-
172 81
-
-
-
-
-
B30
0.851 5
4.1
40.992
-
83
70
-
36.79
1.94 mg/k g
44.44
3.8
1.73
B100
0.877
4.4
38.265
46
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B100
0.885
4.5
-
54
-
150
-12
10.5
77.4
12
-
Soyabean
B100
0.88
-
4.11
47.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C18.08H34.86O2 Soyabean Palm oil
B100 B20 B100
0.885 0.815 -
4.39 3 5.53
38.73 33.9 40.03
60.4 40.5 64.6
-
74.1 182
-
11.1
0.01 3 ppm
