Image Histograms and applications - Computer Science at Rutgers
Recommend Documents
SA3-B2. “Shark” Rules. 6x4 grid, two players (with ... SA3-B3. “Sharks” Robot ...
before broke? ○. Blackjack: Expected winnings for a strategy that hits on 18?
A New Baseline for Image Annotation. Ameesh Makadia1, Vladimir Pavlovic2,
and Sanjiv Kumar1. 1 Google Research, New York, NY. 2 Rutgers University ...
Domain Name System (DNS) enables you to use hierarchical, friendly names to
easily ... For information about the Windows 2000 implementation of DNS, see.
Introduction to Parallel Computing, Second Edition [Recommended]. Ananth
Grama, George ... [10] BECHTOLSHEIM, A. Cloud Computing and Cloud
Networking. talk at UC Berkeley, December 2008. .... Kai Hwang and Zhiwei Xu.
Scalable ...
The location-based server is presented with a set of k queries ... A querying client device sends its location to a server, ..... When querying an LBS for online information, the query ..... is computationally cheap and generates queries with sub-.
spectroscopy. »The Corning Glass Science and Engineering. Laboratory features
the latest in advanced glass melting capabilities. Materials Science and.
CR Categories: I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional. Graphics and ... âemail: [email protected] ...... He received his M.S. in computer science at.
I would like to thank Don Alton and Ted Baker for first introducing me to the pleasures ... The past five years would have unthinkable without the reality breaks provided by ... To my mother and father, I owe all that I am. To Claire .... Unfortunate
Color histograms are widely used for content-based image retrieval due to their ...
images with very different appearances can have similar color histograms.
Pedagoqical Levels. • 1. Metaphor and creativity. • 2. Two and three dimensional
design concepts. • 3. Mathematical concepts – geometry and algebra. • 4.
requirement trends and the architecture trends to show that multiprocessor
systems are necessary to satisfy ... multiprocessor systems—they are not
irrelevant. 1.
Lecture 21: Genetic Algorithms. CS442: Great Insights in Computer Science.
Michael L. Littman, Spring 2006. Genetic Algorithms. • First scientific talk I went to
...
Clustering is the unsupervised classification of patterns (observations, data items,
... However, clustering is a difficult problem combinatorially, and differences in.
Author identifica- tion has applications in criminal justice, corporate litigation, ... GECCO'07, July 7â11, 2007, London, England, United Kingdom. Copyright 2007 ...
highways are undergoing a transformation to a large system of systems ... good conditions, highways provide a safe and efficient route for people and .... The first policy requires drivers to possess a digital ticket, issued by the .... drive within
parameterized shapes along their main axes, using a blending function. ... an extension to the shape representation of [12, 21] which we call blended deformable ... where c is the center of the inertial frame, and R is a rotation matrix which ...
Jul 13, 2001 - John McCalpin, Tina shen, and Jaime spacco all contributed to the ... [RMCKB97] Gerald Roth, John Mellor-Crummey, Ken Kennedy, and R.
This paper extends the well-known technique of slicing to synchronous reactive ... An important phase in the design of reactive systems is their verification.
ent magnitude simplifies to w. L . The w,v-system will be used in what follows. 1.3. Statistical Point Structure. An alternative way to probe local structure is ...
Jun 2, 2017 - perpendicular to the plane in which the arag- onite crystals grow. Four successive magnifi- cation micrographs reveal that the âimmatureâ.
These notes accompany the textbooks: “Digital Image Warping” by George
Wolberg. “Digital Image Processing” by Gonzalez/Woods. • They form the basis
for ...
image processing methods and develop new algorithms [4]. Section 6.2 deals with the automatic design of low-level image filters, ones com- parable in quality to ...
Apr 28, 2004 ... Testing Web Database Applications. Yuetang Deng Phyllis Frankl Jiong Wang.
Department of Computer and Information Science. Technical ...
SUBJECT : ( 87 ) Computer Science and Applications. ANSWER KEYS (PAPER
II). UGC - NET JUNE 2013. Q17. B. Q18. D. Q19. A. Q20. C. Q21. B. Q22. D. Q23.
Image Histograms and applications - Computer Science at Rutgers
Digitizing images What is projected on the image plan is a distribution of light energy that is:
Two-dimensional Time-dependent Continuous
To go digital: Spatial sampling Temporal sampling Quantization of pixel values
Digital image: two-dimensional, ordered matrix of integers, i.e., a two-dimensional function of integer coordinates NxN that maps a range of image values P
2
Image resolution: number of image elements per measurement. Image coordinate system
3
Image Histograms Histograms are used to depict image statistics in an easily interpreted visual format Useful during image capturing: now already in digital cameras Used to improve the visual appearance of an image Can also be used to determine what type of processing has been applied to an image.
Image histogram: describes the frequency of the intensity values that occur in an image
4
Histograms don’t encode information about the spatial arrangement of pixels in the image We cannot reconstruct an image given only it’s histogram
5
Interpreting Histograms Histograms depicts problems that originate during image acquisition Exposure, contrast, dynamic range
Histograms can be used to detect a wide range of image defects: saturation, spikes and gaps, impact of image compression
Histograms and Exposure
6
Histogram and Contrast
Dynamic Range
Dynamic Range: the number of distinct pixel value in an image
7
Detecting Image Defects There is no ideal or optimal histogram shape. It depends on the image and on the application Image Defects: Saturation: the illumination values lying outside of the sensor’s range are mapped to its maximum or minimum values: spike at the tails Spikes and Gaps in manipulated images. Why? Impact of image compression
Histograms show the impacts of image compression Ex: in GIF compression, the dynamic range is reduced to only few intensities (quantization)
8
Ex: JPEG compression on a line graphics.
JPEG compression
9
Computing Histograms
Histograms of images with more than 8 bits: Binning
Ex: B=256 for 14 bit image K=16384, bin width = 64
10
Color Image Histograms
Color Image Histograms For color images, two kind of histograms: Intensity histogram Individual Color Channel Histograms
Both provides useful information about lighting, contrast, dynamic range and saturation effects for individual color components They provide no information about the actual color distribution!
