Dr. Deepti Gaur. [email protected]. [email protected]. [email protected]. Student, iTM University Assistant Professor, iTM University ...
,PSDFWRI4XDOLW\$WWULEXWHVRQ6RIWZDUH5HXVDELOLW\ DQG0HWULFVWRDVVHVVWKHVH$WWULEXWHV
&KDKDW0RQJD $PDQ-DWDLQ 'U'HHSWL*DXU &KDKDWPRQJD#JPDLOFRP $PDQMDWDLQ#LWPLQGLDHGX 'HHSWLJDXU#LWPLQGLDHGX 6WXGHQW,708QLYHUVLW\ $VVLVWDQW3URIHVVRU,708QLYHUVLW\ $VVRFLDWH3URIHVVRU,708QLYHUVLW\ *XUJDRQ *XUJDRQ *XUJDRQ
$EVWUDFW
:LWK DGYDQFHPHQWV LQ VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW ILHOG GD\E\GD\QHZDQGEHWWHUFRQFHSWVRIGHYHORSLQJD VRIWZDUH DUH UHTXLUHG ZKLFK OHDGV WR HPHUJHQFH RI WKH FRQFHSW 5(86$%,,7@ $0L[HG0HWKRG6WXG\WR,GHQWLI\ )DFWRUV $IIHFWLQJ 6RIWZDUH 5HXVDELOLW\ LQ 5HXVH ,QWHQVLYH'HYHORSPHQW>@ 7KH5(%227$SSURDFK WR6RIWZDUH5HXVH>@3URFHHGLQJV;9,,%UD]LOLDQ
1430
6\PSRVLXP RQ 6RIWZDUH (QJLQHHULQJ>@ 6RIWZDUH 3URGXFW /LQH (QJLQHHULQJ )RXQGDWLRQV 3ULQFLSOHV DQG 7HFKQLTXHV>@ 5HXVDELOLW\ DVVHVVPHQW IRU VRIWZDUH FRPSRQHQWV>@ HWF $ FRPPRQ VHW RI DWWULEXWHV LV WKDQFUHDWHGZKLFKFRQWDLQVDOOIDFWRUVWKDWDUHFRPPRQ LQ VWXGLHG SDSHUV 7KH DWWULEXWHV WKDW ZHUH VHOHFWHG DUH DVIROORZV
&RPSOH[LW\ WHUP LV MXVW RSSRVLWH WR VLPSOLFLW\ &RPSOH[LW\ UHIHUV WR WKH DPRXQW RI WKH GLIILFXOW\ RQH IDFHVLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHGHVLJQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI D VRIWZDUH $ PRUH FRPSOH[ VRIWZDUH RU FRPSRQHQW LV GLIILFXOW WR EH UHXVHG 6R WKLV DWWULEXWH LV LQYHUVHO\ SURSRUWLRQDO WR UHXVDELOLW\ &RPSOH[LW\ PD\ IXUWKHU EH FODVVLILHGDV&283/,1*DQG&2+(6,21DWWULEXWHV
8QGHUVWDQGDELOLW\
,QGHSHQGHQFH
6RIWZDUHFRPSRQHQWVIURPWKHWLPHEHLQJDUHEHFRPLQJ PRUH DQG PRUH FRPSOH[ ZKLFK PDNHV LW GLIILFXOW WR LQWHUSUHW >@ 8QGHUVWDQGDELOLW\ UHIHUV WR WKH GHJUHH WR ZKLFKZHNQRZZKDWDQGKRZWKLQJVLQRXUV\VWHPDUH ZRUNLQJ DQG LQWHUDFWLQJ ZLWK HDFK RWKHU JLYLQJ XV WKH RYHUDOOYLHZRIWKHV\VWHP
7KLV DWWULEXWH UHIHUV WR WKH SURSHUW\ RI D FRPSRQHQW RU VRIWZDUH WR SHUIRUP LWV WDVNV E\ LWVHOI 0RUH LV WKH LQGHSHQGHQFH RI VRIWZDUH PRUH ZLOO EH UHXVDELOLW\ RWKHUZLVHLWV GHSHQGDELOLW\ RQ RWKHU FRPSRQHQWV PDNHV LWGLIILFXOWWREHXVHGDJDLQDQGDJDLQ
6L]H
0DLQWDLQDELOLW\
7KH DWWULEXWH VL]H PD\ KDYH GLIIHULQJ GHILQLWLRQV LQ GLIIHUHQW VLWXDWLRQV 6RPHWLPHV VL]H PD\ LQFOXGH RQO\ WKH OLQHV RI FRGH LQ D SURJUDP DQG VRPHWLPHV LW PD\ FRQVLVW RI OLQH RI FRGH DORQJ ZLWK FRPPHQWHG OLQH RI FRGH +RZHYHU VL]H PHWULFVDOZD\V SOD\ LPSRUWDQWUROH LQGHWHUPLQLQJPDQ\SURSHUWLHVRIVRIWZDUH
&XVWRPHUUHTXLUHPHQWVQHYHUUHPDLQFRQVWDQWWKH\WHQG WR FKDQJH ZLWK WLPH 6R VRIWZDUH WKXV FUHDWHG PXVW DFFRPPRGDWHWKHVHFKDQJLQJUHTXLUHPHQWVRIFXVWRPHU 7KH DELOLW\ RI D V\VWHP WR DGDSW WR WKHVH FKDQJHV LV FDOOHGPDLQWDLQDELOLW\>@
)OH[LELOLW\
&RVW
:LWK WKH WHFKQRORJLFDO DGYDQFHPHQWV KDUGZDUH DQG V\VWHP VSHFLILFDWLRQV NHHS RQ FKDQJLQJ DQG PRGLI\LQJ )OH[LELOLW\ LVWKH FRQYHQLHQFH E\ ZKLFK RXU FRPSRQHQW RUV\VWHPFRXOGEHXVHGRQDQRWKHUV\VWHPIRUZKLFKLW ZDVQRWLQLWLDOO\GHVLJQHG,WDOORZVDV\VWHPWREHXVHG LQPXOWLSOHFRQWH[WV>@
&RVW IDFWRU SOD\V D PDMRU UROH LQ ZKROH VRIWZDUH GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV DQG VR GRHV LQ UHXVDELOLW\ $ FRPSRQHQW ZKLFK LQYROYHV KLJK FRVWV ZKHQ UHXVHG LV DYRLGHG DQG ZKLFK UHTXLUHV ORZ FRVWV IRU UHXVH DUH DOZD\VSUHIHUUHG+RZHYHUDQLPSRUWDQWSRLQWWREHNHSW LQ PLQG LV WKDW FRVW RI UHXVLQJ LV DOZD\V OHVV WKDQ GHYHORSLQJLWIURPVFUDWFK
3RUWDELOLW\
0HWULF $VVRFLDWLRQ DQG 'DWD &OHDQLQJ
6RPHWLPHV WKH V\VWHP RU HQYLURQPHQW IRU ZKLFK D VRIWZDUHSURGXFWLVGHVLJQHGQHHGWREHFKDQJHGRUPD\ EHWKHSURGXFWLVLQVWDOOHGRQHQWLUHO\QHZSODWIRUPWKH HDVH ZLWK ZKLFK WKH VRIWZDUH RU FRPSRQHQW FRXOG EH UHORFDWHGWRRQHSODWIRUPWRDQRWKHULVFDOOHGSRUWDELOLW\
,Q VHFWLRQ ZH KDYH VWXGLHG SUHYLRXV ZRUNV RI UHVHDUFKHUVDQGVHOHFWHGDWWULEXWHVWKDWDUHPRVWFUXFLDO DQG KDYH PDMRU LPSDFW RQ UHXVDELOLW\ RI VRIWZDUH FRPSRQHQW )RU SUDFWLFDO SXUSRVHV ZH KDYH WR GHILQH VRPH ZD\ WR TXDQWLI\ WKHVH DWWULEXWHV DQG ZH XVH PHWULFV IRU WKHVH SXUSRVH (YHU\ DWWULEXWH KDV VRPH PHWULF YDOXH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK LW ZKLFK KHOS WR PHDVXUH DQGDQDO\]HWKDWDWWULEXWH$QXPEHURIPHWULFVFRXOGEH XVHG IRU WKLV EXW DV IRU RXU UHVHDUFK ZH GLG VRPH GDWD FOHDQLQJDQGHPSOR\HGDVHWRIPHWULFVWKDWLVFDSDEOHRI TXDQWLI\LQJ DOO WKH DERYH DWWULEXWHV )ROORZLQJ WDEOH SURYLGHVWKHFKRVHQVHWRIPHWULFV
4XDOLW\ 4XDOLW\ UHIHUV WR WKH DPRXQW E\ ZKLFK VRIWZDUH RU D FRPSRQHQWPHHWVLWVVWDWHGSUHUHTXLVLWHV,IDSURGXFWLV RI JRRG TXDOLW\ WKHQ RQO\ LW ZLOO EH UHXVHGORZ TXDOLW\ SURGXFWVRUVRIWZDUHDUHDOZD\VDYRLGHG6RTXDOLW\RID FRPSRQHQWLVDOVRDQDWWULEXWHWRPHDVXUHUHXVDELOLW\
&RPSOH[LW\
7$%/( $WWULEXWHV 8QGHUVWDQGDELOLW\
0DLQWDLQDELOLW\ 4XDOLW\ &RPSOH[LW\ ,QGHSHQGHQFH 6L]H &RVW )OH[LELOLW\
/RF
/FRP
&
'LW
9
&ER
3HUFP
1RP
3RUWDELOLW\
0HWULF
VKRZVWKHDVVRFLDWLRQEHWZHHQPHWULFDQGDWWULEXWH
2014 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC)
1431
7KHUHIRUHUHXVDELOLW\GHSHQGVXSRQDWWULEXWHVDQG DVVRFLDWHG PHWULFV ZKLFK DUH /2&OLQHV RI FRGH /&20ODFN RI FRKHVLRQ RI PHWKRGV &0F&DEH F\FORPDWLF FRPSOH[LW\ ',7GHSWK RI LQKHULWDQFH WUHH 9+DOOVWHDGYROXPH &%23HU&0SHUFHQWDJH RI OLQH RI FRPPHQWV ZLWK OLQHV RI FRGH 120QXPEHURIPHWKRGV
&
',7
'HSWK RI LQKHULWDQFH WUHH PHWULF SURYLGHV WKH PD[LPXPQXPEHURILQKHULWDQFHOHYHOVSDVVHGIURPD SDUWLFXODU FODVV WR LWV URRW FODVV 6R DV WKH OHYHOV LQFUHDVH LW PHDQV PRUH QXPEHU RI PHWKRGV DQG YDULDEOHVDUHLQKHULWHG$KLJK',7YDOXHLVNQRZQWR LQFUHDVHQXPEHURIIDXOWV
/2&
/LQHV RI FRGH PHWULF DUH JHQHUDOO\ XVHGWR FDOFXODWH WKH VL]H RI VRIWZDUH RULWV FRPSRQHQWE\ FDOFXODWLQJ WRWDOQXPEHURIOLQHVLQLW,WPD\YDU\ZLWKGLIIHUHQW ODQJXDJHV HQYLURQPHQW DQG GHYHORSHU 'HSHQGLQJ XSRQWKHVLWXDWLRQZHPD\XVHOLQHVRIFRGHRUORJLFDO OLQHVRIFRGHRUFRPPHQWHGOLQHVRIFRGH FDOFXODWLQJOLQHVRIFRGH
)RUL LL ^ 6\VWHPRXWSULQWOQ³/2&´ ` +HUHZHPD\KDYHOLQHVRIFRGHRUMXVWH[FOXGLQJ FRPPHQWSDUW
+$/67($'92/80(
,Q 0DXULFH +RZDUG +DOVWHDG LQWURGXFHG FRPSOH[LW\ PHWULFV ZKLFKLQFOXGHG SURJUDP YROXPH PHDVXUHPHQW DV D SDUW ,W LV FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ WRWDO QXPEHURIRSHUDWLRQVDQGRSHUDQGVLQDFRPSRQHQW
&%2
&RXSOLQJ EHWZHHQ FODVVHV PHWULF LV MXVW VLPLODU WR /&20 PHWULF &RXSOLQJ PHDQV WKH OLQNV RU GHSHQGHQF\ RI D FODVV WR RWKHU 7R SURPRWH UHXVDELOLW\VRIWZDUHPXVWKDYHORZFRXSOLQJ6RKLJK &%2PHWULFZLOOPHDQORZUHXVDELOLW\KHQFHLWPXVW EHPLQLPL]HG
/&20
/DFN RI FRKHVLRQ RI PHWKRGV 7KLV PHWULF LV WKH LQGLFDWRU RI FRKHVLRQ IDFWRU EHWZHHQ WKH FODVVHV +LJKHU WKH FRKHVLRQ PRUH LV UHXVDELOLW\ WKLV PHDQV WKDW KLJK /&20 IDFWRU GHFUHDVHV XVDELOLW\ 6R FRKHVLRQHQVXUHVWKDWDSDUWLFXODUFODVVLVQRWRUOHDVW GHSHQGHQWRQVRPHRWKHUPHWKRGRUFODVV7KHGHHSHU ZH PRYH LQWR KLHUDUFK\ RI VRIWZDUH FRKHVLRQ GHFUHDVHV
3HU&0
7KLVPHWULFSURYLGHVWKHUDWLRRIFRPPHQWHGOLQHVWR WRWDOOLQHVRIFRGHLQFRPSRQHQW7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLV PHWULFLVWRJLYHDQLGHDRQVHOIGHVFULSWLYHQHVVRID FRPSRQHQW
&@
A B C D E F G H I J K
&RPSDULVRQ
>@
7KH KLVWRJUDP ZLOO VKRZ WKH FRPELQHG HIIHFWV RI F\FORPDWLFFRPSOH[LW\DQG+DOVWHGGLIILFXOW\ %RWKKDYHQHJDWLYHLPSDFWRQUHXVDELOLW\VRFRPSRQHQW (KDVORZHVWDQGFRPSRQHQW$KDYHKLJKHVWUHXVDELOLW\
>@
>@
CYCLOMATIC COMPLEXITY
30 20 10 0
>@
>@
>@
>@ >@ >@
>@
>@
,QIRUPDWLRQ6FLHQFH,&&,6 9ROSS± )D]DOH$PLQ$KPDG.DPLO0DKPRRG$ODQ 2[OH\ ³5HXVDELOLW\ $VVHVVPHQW RI 2SHQ 6RXUFH &RPSRQHQWV IRU 6RIWZDUH 3URGXFW /LQHV´2SHQ6\VWHPV,&26 SS± 6HSW )UDNHV :LOOLDP DQG 7HUU\ &DURO ³6RIWZDUH 5HXVH DQG 5HXVDELOLW\ 0HWULFV DQG 0RGHOV´$&0 &RPSXWLQJ 6XUYH\V 9RO 1RSS-XQH *&DOGLHUDDQG95%DVLOL³,GHQWLI\LQJDQG 4XDOLI\LQJ 5HXVDEOH 6RIWZDUH FRPSRQHQWV´ ,(((&RPSXWHU9ROLVVXHSS *HRIIU\ . *LOO DQG &KULV ) .HPHUHU ³&\FORPDWLF FRPSOH[LW\ GHQVLW\ DQG VRIWZDUH PDLQWDLQHQFHSURGXFWLYLW\´,((( 7UDQVDFWLRQV 2Q 6RIWZDUH (QJLQHHULQJ 9ROQR'HF *LDQOXLJL &DOGLHUD DQG 9LFWRU 5 %DVLOL ³,GHQWLI\LQJ DQG 4XDOLI\LQJ 5HXVDEOH 6RIWZDUH &RPSRQHQWV´ 9RO LVVXH SS ±)HE *XWWRUP 6LQGUH 5HLGDU &RQUDGL DQG (YHQ $QGUH .DUOVVRQ³7KH 5(%227 $SSURDFKWR 6RIWZDUH 5HXVH´ -RXUQDO RI 6\VWHPV DQG 6RIWZDUH ,DQ6RPPHUYLOOH³6RIWZDUH(QJLQHHULQJ´WK (G$GGLVRQ:HVOH\ ,((( 6WDQGDUG *ORVVDU\ RI 6RIWZDUH (QJLQHHULQJ7HUPLQRORJ\9RO /RV$ODPLWRV,(((3UHVV 0RKG 1D]LU 5DHHV $ .KDQ DQG .KXUUDP 0XVWDID ³$ 0HWULFV %DVHG 0RGHO IRU 8QGHUVWDQGDELOLW\ 4XDQWLILFDWLRQ´ -RXUQDO 2I &RPSXWLQJ9ROLVVXH$35,/ 3RKO . %|FNOH * DQG /LQGHQ ) 9 ' ³6RIWZDUH 3URGXFW /LQH (QJLQHHULQJ )RXQGDWLRQV3ULQFLSOHVDQG7HFKQLTXHV´ 6SULQJHU9HUODJ%HUOLQ+HLGHOEHUJ 6KDUPD $ *URYHU 3 6 DQG .XPDU 5 ³5HXVDELOLW\ DVVHVVPHQW IRU VRIWZDUH FRPSRQHQWV´ $&0 6,*62)7 6RIWZDUH (QJ 1RWHV9ROSS
& 6DQW DQQD $ * & &KDYH] & /XFHQD DQG $ 9 9RQ 6WDD ³2Q WKH UHXVH DQG PDLQWHQDQFH RI DVSHFWRULHQWHG VRIWZDUH $Q DVVHVVPHQWIUDPHZRUN´,Q3URFHHGLQJV;9,, %UD]LOLDQ 6\PSRVLXP RQ 6RIWZDUH (QJLQHHULQJ (ULF 6 5D\PRQG ³7KH &DWKHGUDO DQG WKH %D]DDU´2 5HLOO\0HGLD )D]DOH$PLQ$KPDG.DPLO0DKPRRG$ODQ 2[OH\³$ 0L[HG 0HWKRG 6WXG\ WR ,GHQWLI\ )DFWRUV $IIHFWLQJ 6RIWZDUH 5HXVDELOLW\ LQ 5HXVH ,QWHQVLYH 'HYHORSPHQW´ 1DWLRQDO 3RVWJUDGXDWH &RQIHUHQFH 13& SS ± )D]DOH$PLQ$KPDG.DPLO0DKPRRG$ODQ 2[OH\ ³$Q HYROXWLRQDU\ VWXG\ RI UHXVDELOLW\ LQRSHQVRXUFHVRIWZDUH´&RPSXWHU
2014 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC)