A. J. Clark School of Engineering •Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering by ... ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel).
INTRODUCTION (Spreadsheet, i.e. MS Excel) • A. J. Clark School of Engineering •Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
by
Dr. Ibrahim A. Assakkaf Spring 2001
ENCE 203 - Computation Methods in Civil Engineering II Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland, College Park
High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN (introduced by IBM in 1957) – FORTRAN = FORmula TRANslation – Developed for the IBM 704 Computer – Developed by John Backus and a team of 13 other programmers
■ ■ ■
BASIC Pascal Others such as C and C++ © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Software Packages – MATLAB – MathCad – Spreadsheet • MS Excel • Quattro Pro • Lotus 123
© Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN – FORTRAN is a high-level language such as BASIC, C, and C++ – A compiler translates each statement in the program into a sequence of basic machine language instruction
X = A* B + C © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN Source Program (high level language)
Compiler Object Program (machine language) © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN – A FORTRAN program consists of • Input • An execution logic (computation) • Output
– A flow chart is used to develop the structure
© Assakkaf
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN – EXAMPLE 1: Volume of a Cylinder • Input – Diameter, D – Height, h
• Computation πD 2 V = 4
× h
• Output – Volume, V © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN – Flow Chart for the Example 1 CALCULATE: V
BEGIN
ENTER: D and h
2
πD h V = 4
OUTPUT: Display Volume(V)
END
A flow chart is a block diagram that summarizes the program structure and logic flow © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN – EXAMPLE 2: Height of a Cylinder • Input: – Diameter, D
– Volume, V
• Computation h=
4V
πD 2
• Output: – Height, h © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN – Flow Chart for Example 2 CALCULATE: V
BEGIN
ENTER: D and V
h=
4V
πD 2
OUTPUT: Display Height(h)
END
© Assakkaf
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN – The following is a format of a simple program: • • • • •
PROGRAM NAME Opening documentation use Variables declaration Program statements END
© Assakkaf
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN Statements • Positions 7 to 72 of a line can be used. To continue on the next line, use any character on position 6 of the next line
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Constants – Examples • -12 • 1.2345 • 12.45-e10 © Assakkaf
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN 1 2 3
4
5
6
7
8
12345 6 7890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 C
Statement in columns 7 to 72
Character different from 0 or blank in column 6 Indicates a continuation of the preceding line
Column 73 And beyond Are ignored
Statement labels in columns 1 to 5 C or * in column 1 indicates a comment ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
© Assakkaf
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN – Data Types • • • • • •
Integer Real Double Precision Complex Character Logical
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN – This program calculates the velocity and height of a projectile given its initial height, velocity,and constant acceleration 1 2 at + v0 t + h0 2 v = at + v0
Height : h = Velocity :
© Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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FORTRAN
PROGRAM PROJECT 1 7 12345 6 7890 C Th is program calculates the velocity and height of a projectile given its C initial height, initial velocity, and constant acceleration. Variables used are: C HGHT0 : initial height C HGHT : height at any time C VELOC0 : initial vertical velocity C VELOC : vertical velocity at any time C ACCEL : vertical acceleration (Gravity) C TIME : time elapsed since projectile was launched REAL HGHT0, HGHT, VELOC0, VELO, ACCEL, TIME ACCEL = -9.807 PRINT *, `Enter initial height, initial velocity, and time?` READ *, HGHT0, VELOC0, TIME HGHT = 0.5 * ACCEL * TIME ** 2 +VELOC0 * TIME + HGHT0 VELOC = ACCEL * TIME + VELOC0 PRINT *, `AT TIME `, TIME, ` THE VERTICAL VELOCITY IS `, VELOC PRINT *, `AND THE HEIGHT IS `, HGHT END © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Spreadsheets – Spreadsheet is special type software that allow the user to enter and perform calculations on rows and columns of data displayed on computer monitor. – Advantages of Spreadsheet • • • •
Easy to use and understand Provide organized record of user computation Entire calculation can be updated easily Suitable for “what if?” scenarios © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Spreadsheet Calculations B5 = B3 + B4 A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X= Y= Sum =
u= v=
uv =
B
C
D
E
F
I
10 13.5 23.5
45 25 33.54102
B10 = sqrt(B8*B9) © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Spreadsheet – EXAMPLE 1: Volume of a Cylinder • Input – Diameter, D – Height, h
• Computation πD 2 V = 4
× h
• Output – Volume, V © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
Slide No. 18
High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Spreadsheet (Example 1) B5 = B3 + B4 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X= Y= Sum =
u= v=
uv =
B
10 13.5 23.5
C
D
E
F
I
Volume of Cylinder: D = 20 in h = 76 in Volume = 23876.1 in2
45 25 33.54102
B10 = sqrt(B8*B9) (PI()*E3^2/4)*E4 © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Spreadsheet – EXAMPLE 2: Height of a Cylinder • Input: – Diameter, D
– Volume, V
• Computation h=
4V
πD 2
• Output: – Height, h © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
Slide No. 20
High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
■
Spreadsheet (Example 2) B5 = B3 + B4 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X= Y= Sum =
u= v=
uv =
B
10 13.5 23.5
C
D
E
F
I
Volume of Cylinder: D = 20 in V = 23876.10417 in3 h = 76 in
45 25 33.54102
B10 = sqrt(B8*B9)
E5 = (4*E4/(PI()*E3^2))) © Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Spreadsheet Calculations
■ A
B
C
D
E
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Calculated Height, h 95.49296586 35.8098622 21.22065908 14.92077591 11.4591559 9.284038347 7.795344151 6.714349162
Diameter, D Volume, V 2 300 4 450 6 600 8 750 10 900 12 1050 14 1200 16 1350
100 80 h
60 40 20 0 0
5
10
15
20
D
© Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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High-level Languages vs. Spreadsheets, MATLAB & MathCad • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Spreadsheet &Numerical Solutions x
30
y -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
4 0 -3 -5 -6 -6 -5 -3 0 4 9 15 22
Roots
20 y
10 0 -4
-3
-2
-1 -10 0
1
2
3
4
x
y = 2 x 2 + 3x − 5 = 0 © Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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• A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
MS Excel Math and Trig. functions
© Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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• A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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• A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
ENCE 203 - INTRODUCTION - Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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Introduction to MS Excel • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
© Assakkaf
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