Modeling and Simulation of the Operation of a ... - Science Direct

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 662 – 669

WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDULW\LQ(QJLQHHULQJ,17(5(1*2FWREHU 7LUJX0XUHV5RPDQLD

0RGHOLQJDQG6LPXODWLRQRIWKH2SHUDWLRQRID0HFKDQLFDO6\VWHP ZKLFKLV$IIHFWHGE\8QFHUWDLQWLHV 0LUFHD'XODXD 6WHOLDQ(PLOLDQ2OWHDQE$GULDQ9DVLOH'XNDF DEF

'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWULFDODQG&RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ³3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\RI7LUJX0XUHV1,RUJDVW5RPDQLD

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‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH³3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\RI7LUJX0XUHV)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJ Peer-review under responsibility of the “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering .H\ZRUGVPDWKHPDWLFDOPRGHOLQJPHFKDQLFDOV\VWHPVXQFHUWDLQWLHVFRQWUROHQJLQHHULQJUREXVWVWDELOLW\

,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KHUH LV D ODUJH DPRXQW RI OLWHUDWXUH ZKLFK GHDOV ZLWK WKH SUREOHP RI WKH PDWKHPDWLFDO PRGHOLQJ RI V\VWHPV ZKLFKDOVRLQFOXGHVWKHPHFKDQLFDOV\VWHPVDQGWKHLUFRQWURO 



&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ (PDLODGGUHVVPLUFHDGXODX#LQJXSPUR

2212-0173 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2016.01.139

663

Mircea Dulau et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 662 – 669

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¶VWRUTXHQHHGVWRRYHUFRPHWKHPRPHQWXPRILQHUWLD-,WKHIULFWLRQPRPHQWXP Ȗ,DQGWRJHQHUDWHWKHGULYLQJWRUTXH0,IRUWKHVHFRQGJHDU>@  D

0P

-Ȗ

ș 

0Q

Q

E

0Q

'&0

0P

-HTY ȖHTY

ș -Ȗ

ș 

Q 

ș 



)LJ5RWDU\PHFKDQLFDOV\VWHPD JHDUHGV\VWHPE HTXLYDOHQWV\VWHP

&RQVLGHULQJWKHQXPEHURIWHHWKQQ WKHDQJXODUPRYHPHQWșș DQGWKHWRUTXHV00 SURGXFHGE\WKH WZRJHDUVWKHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQVVWDQG

0 0

Q Q

T  T



 



 

)URPWKHHTXLOLEULXPRIWRUTXHVUHVXOWV

-

G T W GW 

 J

GT W  0  W 0 P W  GW

,QDVLPLODUIDVKLRQWRUTXH 0,QHHGVWRFRYHUVWKHWRUTXHVSURGXFHGE\WKHPRPHQWXPRILQHUWLD -DQGIULFWLRQ Ȗ

664

Mircea Dulau et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 662 – 669

-

G T  W GT W J   GW GW

%\UHSODFLQJ T  -

Q

0  W 



Q T RI LQHTXDWLRQ ZHJHW

Q G T W Q GT W J   Q GW  Q GW

/LNHZLVHE\UHSODFLQJ 0 

0  W 

Q



 

Q 0  RI LQHTXDWLRQ DQGWKHQLQ ZHJHW

§ Q · G T W § Q · GT W G T W GT W ¨¨ ¸¸ J    J  ¨¨  ¸¸     GW GW © Q ¹ GW © Q ¹ GW 

-

 



·  · § § ¨ -  - §¨ Q ·¸ ¸ G T W  ¨ J  J §¨ Q ·¸ ¸ GT W ¨ ¨  ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¨  ¨  © Q ¹ ¹ GW © Q ¹ ¹ GW © ©

- HTY

G T W GT W  J HTY   GW GW

0 P W 

0 P W 

 

0 P W 

 

 



ZKHUH-HTYUHSUHVHQWVWKHHTXLYDOHQWPRPHQWXPRILQHUWLDȖHTYUHSUHVHQWVWKHHTXLYDOHQWIULFWLRQFRHIILFLHQW 7KHWUDQVIHUIXQFWLRQIURPșWR0PLVVLPSO\GHGXFHGDQGKDVWKHIROORZLQJIRUP

+ 0(& V



T V 0 P V

J HTY § - HTY · V¨ V  ¸ ¨ J HTY ¸ © ¹

NP  V 7P V  

 

ZKHUH7PUHSUHVHQWVWKHV\VWHP¶VWLPHFRQVWDQWZKLFKPHFKDQLFDOLQQDWXUHDQGNPUHSUHVHQWVWKHV\VWHP¶VJDLQ $V D UHPDUN WKH HTXDWLRQV   WR   FDQ DOVR EHUHZULWWHQ E\ FRQVLGHULQJ WKH DQJXODU YHORFLWLHV Z GT GW  Z  GT  GW  7KHLQSXWRXWSXWPDWKHPDWLFDOPRGHOLQ VKRZVWKHG\QDPLFEHKDYLRURIWKHPHFKDQLFDOV\VWHPDQGFDQEH VLPXODWHG XVLQJ HOHPHQWDU\ PDWKHPDWLFDO RSHUDWRUVEORFNV DV VKRZQ LQ )LJ  ,W LV LPSRUWDQW WR QRWLFH WKDW WKH WUDQVIHUIXQFWLRQIURPșWRșLVJLYHQE\WKHWHHWKUDWLRRIWKHWZRJHDUVDQGLVPDUNHGLQ)LJE\WKHGRWHGEORFN

0P

 B

 - HTY

T

 V

T

 T V

J HTY )LJ6LPXODWLRQVFKHPDWLFXVLQJHOHPHQWDU\EORFNV

Q Q

T



665

Mircea Dulau et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 662 – 669

7KHJHDUHGV\VWHPDVDV\VWHPDIIHFWHGE\XQFHUWDLQWLHV )RU WKH PHFKDQLFDO V\VWHP DIIHFWHG E\ XQFHUWDLQWLHV ¨  WKH JHQHUDO SDUWLWLRQHG  WUDQVIHU IXQFWLRQ KDV WKH JHQHUDOIRUP + 0(& V

T V

ª +  «+ ¬ 

0 P V

+  º  +  »¼



 

ZKHUH WKH LQSXWRXWSXW UHODWLRQVKLS FDQ EH H[SUHVVHG LQ WHUPV RI WKH XSSHU OLQHDUIUDFWLRQDO WUDQVIRUPV /)7X + 0(&  ' RIWKHIRUP>@

T

+





 +  ' ,  +  '  +  0 P

/)7X + 0(&  ' 

 

%DVHGRQHTXDWLRQV DQG WKHPHFKDQLFDOV\VWHP¶VSDUDPHWHUVZKLFKDUHDIIHFWHGE\XQFHUWDLQWLHVFDQEH H[SUHVVHGDV>@  - HTY

J HTY

+ - HTY

 - HTYQ   G - HTY ' - HTY

   G - ' -   G - HTY ' - HTY  - HTYQ - HTYQ HTY HTY

J HTYQ   G J HTY ' J HTY J HTYQ  J HTYQ G J HTY ' J HTY ª «  G - HTY « « G « - HTY ¬

 º - HTYQ » »  + J HTY  » » - HTYQ ¼

ª  «G «¬ J HTY

/)7X  + - HTY  ' - HTY 

/)7X  + J HTY  ' J HTY 

 

 

J HTYQ º  J HTYQ »»

 

¼

ZKHUH WKH LQGH[ Q LV XVHG WR GHQRWH WKH QRPLQDO YDOXHV RI WKH SDUDPHWHUV - HTY  J HTY  G - HTY  G J HTY UHSUHVHQW GLVWXUEDQFHVZKLFKDIIHFWWKHSDUDPHWHUVDQG  d ' - HTY  ' J HTY d   :LWKWKHXQFHUWDLQWLHVGHVFULEHGE\  DQGWKHPDWUL[HV DVLPXODWLRQVFKHPDWLFUHVXOWVDVVKRZQLQ )LJRIZKLFKWKHUHODWLRQV WR DUHH[WUDFWHG

H-

0P

' - HTY

\-

+ - HTY T

 B

\J YJ

'J HTY

T

 V

 T V

Q Q

T

HJ

+ J HTY

)LJ6LPXODWLRQVFKHPDWLFIRUWKHPHFKDQLFDOV\VWHPDIIHFWHGE\XQFHUWDLQWLHV



666

Mircea Dulau et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 662 – 669

ª \- º « T » ¬ ¼

ª «  G - HTY « « G « - HTY ¬

ª \J º «Y » ¬ J¼

ª  «G ¬« J HTY

H-

 º º - HTYQ » ª H »   » « 0 P  YJ » ¬ ¼ - HTYQ »¼

J HTYQ º ªHJ º  J HTYQ »» «¬T »¼ ¼

' - HTY \ -  HJ

'J HTY \J 



 



 



 

$IWHU HOLPLQDWLQJ WKH LQWHUPHGLDU\ YDULDEOH YJ LQ HTXDWLRQV     DQG   ZH JHW WKH HTXDWLRQV ZKLFK GHVFULEHWKHG\QDPLFVRIWKHPHFKDQLFDOV\VWHPDIIHFWHGE\XQFHUWDLQWLHVDVVKRZQLQ  ­ °T ° ° ° ® \° °\ ° J ° ¯

 - HTYQ

J HTYQ  G J HTY HJ  G - HTY H T 

0P 

 - HTYQ

- HTYQ

0P 

- HTYQ

J HTYQ  G J HTY T  HJ  G - HTY H -  - HTYQ

 

- HTYQ

J HTY HJ

7KH JHQHUDOL]HG PRGHO RI WKH PHFKDQLFDO V\VWHP DIIHFWHG E\ XQFHUWDLQWLHV KLJKOLJKWV WKH QRPLQDO FRPSRQHQW EORFN DQGWKHXQFHUWDLQWLHVEORFNDVVKRZQLQ)LJ7KHVWUXFWXUHRIWKHFRQWUROV\VWHPKDYLQJWKHFRQWUROOHU. ZKLFKFDQEHGHWHUPLQHGXVLQJFODVVLFDORUUREXVWGHVLJQPHWKRGVLVVKRZQLQ)LJ>@ D

ª' - HTY «  ¬«

 º ' J HTY »» ¼

E

H-

HJ

\+ 0(&

T

0P

+ 0(&

\J

T

0P



)LJ7KHJHQHUDOPRGHODIIHFWHGE\XQFHUWDLQWLHVD EDVHGRQ/)7E LQSXWRXWSXW

' UHI

H





.

X

+ 0(&

T 

)LJ7KHFORVHGORRSFRQWUROV\VWHP

667

Mircea Dulau et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 662 – 669

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

 UHSUHVHQWLQJ DQG G J HTY

 UHSUHVHQWLQJ 

>

&RQVLGHULQJWKHVHYDULDWLRQVRIWKHSDUDPHWHUVH[SUHVVHGDVDSHUFHQWDJHLQWKHLQWHUYDOV - HTY

J HTY

>

@ 

@ WHQUDQGRPO\JHQHUDWHGSDUDPHWHUVHWVZHUHJHQHUDWHGDQGWKHEHKDYLRURIWKHV\VWHPIRUWKH

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

Magnitude (dB)

50

0

−50

−100 −90

Phase (deg)

Nominal Samples

−135

−180 −1

10

0

10

1

10 Frequency (rad/sec)

2

10

)LJ)UHTXHQF\GRPDLQEHKDYLRURIWKHPHFKDQLFDOV\VWHP%RGHGLDJUDPV

3

10



668

Mircea Dulau et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 662 – 669

Magnitude (dB)

D

20

0 Nominal

−20

Samples −40 −1 10

0

1

10

2

10

10

Frequency (rad/sec)

Magnitude (dB)

E

20

0

Nominal

−20

Worst−case −40 −1 10

0

1

10

2

10

10

Frequency (rad/sec)



)LJ)UHTXHQF\GRPDLQVHQVLWLYLW\IXQFWLRQD QRPLQDODQGXQFHUWDLQFDVHVE QRPLQDODQGZRUVWFDVH

Amplitude

D

1 Nominal

0.5

Samples

0

−0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Time (sec)

Amplitude

E

1 Nominal

0.5

Worst−case

0

−0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Time (sec)

 )LJ7LPHGRPDLQVHQVLWLYLW\IXQFWLRQD QRPLQDODQGXQFHUWDLQFDVHVE QRPLQDODQGZRUVWFDVH

Mircea Dulau et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 662 – 669

669

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³3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\RI7vUJX0XUHú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ă0HWRGH QXPHULFHGHFDOFXO $OO3XEOLVKLQJ >@.RYiFV/HWDO8QFHUWDLQW\0DQDJHPHQWLQ.QRZOHGJH0RGHOOLQJ7KHWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDULW\LQ(QJLQHHULQJ ,QWHU(QJ 9RO³3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\RI7vUJX0XUHú3URFHGLD7HFKQRORJ\S >@0RKDPPHG7+0RGHOLQJ0HFKDQLFDODQG(OHFWULFDO8QFHUWDLQ6\VWHPVXVLQJ)XQFWLRQVRI5REXVW&RQWURO0$7/$%7RROER[Š ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI$GYDQFHG&RPSXWHU6FLHQFHDQG$SSOLFDWLRQV,-$&6$ 9RO1RS >@3ăVWUăYDQX2HWDO%RQG*UDSK/DQJXDJHLQ0RGHOLQJDQG6LPXODWLRQRIWKH3URFHVVHV5RPDQLDQYHUVLRQ/LPEDMXO%RQG*UDSKvQ PRGHODUHDúLVLPXODUHDSURFHVHORUIL]LFRWHKQLFH ,DúL*K$VDFKL3XEOLVKLQJ >@3RSHVFX'$QDO\VLVDQG6\QWKHVLVRI5REXVW6\VWHPV5RPDQLDQYHUVLRQ$QDOL]DVLVLQWH]DVLVWHPHORUUREXVWH &UDLRYD8QLYHUVLWDULD 3XEOLVKLQJ >@6KDQNDU6HWDO$QDO\WLFDO$OJRULWKPVWR4XDQWLI\WKH8QFHUWDLQW\LQ5HPDLQLQJ8VHIXO/LIH3UHGLFWLRQ,((($&3DSHUS >@9LWHFHN$HWDO5REXVWFRQWURORIPHFKDQLFDOV\VWHPV7KHWK,(((,QWHUQDWLRQDO&DUSDWKLDQ&RQWURO&RQIHUHQFH,&&& +XQJDU\ S >@9RLFX06\VWHP7KHRU\5RPDQLDQYHUVLRQ7HRULDVLVWHPHORU %XFKDUHVW5RPDQLDQ$FDGHP\3XEOLVKLQJ >@=KRX.(VVHQWLDOVRI5REXVW&RQWURO3UHQWLFH+DOO