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Object Oriented Approach for developing of a Tutorial System Work Security and Health in SMEs Adina UŢĂ, Bucharest, Romania,
[email protected] Rodica MIHALCA, Bucharest, Romania,
[email protected] Anca ANDREESCU, Bucharest, Romania,
[email protected] Iulian ÎNTORSUREANU, Bucharest, Romania,
[email protected] This paper presents the authors’ research for developing a tutorial system which enables the delivery of proper training to specialized personnel in Small and Middle Enterprises (SMEs), in order to eliminate or reduce the health and safety risks of these enterprises to an acceptable level, according to the European Union directives. During the analysis phase, the requirements of the tutorial system were described using UML use case diagrams, the activity flow was modeled with an activity diagram, and the relevant classes were identified and described in a class diagram. Keywords: Tutorial system, training, the health and safety risks, UML.
I
ntroduction Proper risk prevention requires proper training. This study aims to accomplish a tutorial system, which is able to deliver proper training of specialized personnel in SMEs, in order to eliminate or reduce the risks of these enterprises to an acceptable level, according to the European Union directives. The design of the tutorial system involves two different aspects: one aspect referring to the educational design in the field of work security and health, focusing on SME specifics, in order to provide the source of knowledge needed to achieve the objectives; another aspect concerning the technical design of the tutorial system. Solution for analyzing the tutorial system requirements Further we present the object-oriented approach, for which we have chosen the leading standard language in object-oriented modeling, UML (Unified Modeling Language). Using the UML concepts and diagrams, we captured the basic system requirements and divide the system into components. The training system will function both online and stand-alone and presumes the development of a web-based applications where the user will enter using a username and a password. Depending on his role, a user can be a student, a course manager or an adminis-
trator and will have different rights within the system. First, two major components of the system have been identified: Training and Testing and, for each of them, system requirements have been described in natural language. Some of most important system requirements are depicted below, according to the system components and to the two main user roles: Student and Course Manager. Training Component/ Student role • An enterprise that uses the tutorial system will be able to create a finite number of user accounts. When a new class starts, each student must provide identification details, such as name or institution, and then the administrator assigns him a username and a password. Subsequently, he can use this login information to enter the application anytime. • After logging, a student have the following possibilities: to select, from a list of SME categories, the type of SME he is working in; for each type of chosen SME, a student can study the main risk factors that correspond with the specific SME type; to manage the training time by himself, in order to finish a course in a certain period of time; Training Component/ Course Manager role • The course manager is the user that has the right to create and update the learning content of the training system. • The course manager must update the legal
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information regarding the SME, the main risk factors and the methods for risk prevention in several possible situations. Testing Component/ Student role • After studying the legislation regarding risk factors, a student can choose to test his knowledge in this field. • For each risk factor specific to a SME, a set of tests is defined: partial tests, final tests and case studies. • Once a test was selected, the student can see the test details and can choose to take the test. After solving it, a test is automatically evaluated and the result is instantly displayed on the screen. A student can take each test three times and the last result is the one that
counts. Testing Component/ Course Manager role • The course manager must populate the testing component with tests for each risk factor. • For the partial and final tests, he must add questions, possible answers for each question and specify the correct answer and its score. • For case studies, the course manager must specify a description of the case study, possible causes that generated that situation, possible measures to take and interrelated causes, measures and effects. Figure 1 and Figure 2 depicts the use case diagrams for Student and respectively for Course Manager.
Create/Update SME list Login/Logout
Create/Update Content
Create/Update risk factors
Course Manager
Select SME type Create/Update Tests Visualise student reports
Select risk factor for SME
Create/Update question
Figure 1. Use case diagram for the Course Manager role
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Login/Logout Student
Training and testing Select SME type
Study risk factors
Study risk factors for SME
See test results
Test risk factors for SME
Figure 2. Use case diagram for the Student role In order to depict the flow of activities for the users, as well as the system in its functioning, an activity diagram is used for modeling; the
activity diagram of the training and testing system is shown in Figure 3.
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Server Aplicati
Stu-
Course Manager
STAR T Display Home
page Insert User and Password
User Validation
[Invalid User]
[Valid User] Display Logon Demand SME List
Demand SME Details
Select SME and Risk
Demand Tests
Course Manager
Display SME List Add SME Details
Display SME Details
Add / Change Ri k F t
Display Risk Factors
Create Tests List
Display Tests List
Select a Test and Demand Details
Check up the Test
Error Display Test Details Solve the Test
Display Test Re-
Correct the Test
Figure 3. Activity diagram for Training and Testing We have identified a first list of classes that tem requirements, include: Student, Courserepresent the static view of the system. These Manager, Account, SMEList , SMEInfo, classes, which are an abstraction of the ob- RiskFactor, Test, Question, TestResults. jects that will collaborate in realizing the sys-
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Student Tests_List
student_name student_code student_asress banking_cont function login() logout() search_in_list() solve_test()
Student_Cont
1
1
student_cont user password mail_adress
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search_in_list() test_details()
validate()
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1
*
1 Course_Manager
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name manager_code manager_address function 1
SME_list SME_code chategory
1
manager_code user password mail_address validate()
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search_in_list() SME_details()
1
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SME_name SME_code employees_number risk_factors address search_details() add_details() change_details()
*
1 Cont_Manager
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SME_List
create_liste() add_details() change_details() correct_tests()
1
test_name test_code number_of_tests answers status
Risk_Factors *
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factor_name factor_code SME_category legislation
test_name test_code category status
search_details() add_details() change_details()
search_details() add_details() change_details()
Figure 4. Class diagram Each class will be described in more detail grams. through its attributes and operations. As the References development will go further, the list of classes [1] Arnold G.,Roane R. Safety, Health and will be refined by adding, removing or by iden- Environmental Management-A practitioners tifying specialization/generalization relation- guide, IRM, 1998 ships between classes. [2] Capnow D.,Mallone R., Usage of specific tutorial functions, in Journal of tutorial sysConclusions The reasons for choosing an object oriented tems, no.31, vol.12, pg.34-37, January 2005 approach and the Unified Modeling Lan- [3] INFOSOC National Project: „Sistem tuguage is that it allows interactive settings for torial bazat pe educunoştinţe pentru inthe system and further update of the educa- struirea continuă în domeniul prevenirii ristional content and test information. In fact, curilor în cadrul IMM, conform cerinţelor by following the object oriented approach we Uniunii Europene”, 2005, second phase create a framework for training and testing [4] Mihalca R, Kovacs S.,Uta A., M. Vladu, that can be customized according to users Eduknowledge – a Way Towards an Optimal needs. The possibility to update the content is Development of Tutorial Systems, The provery important in the conditions of frequent ceedings of the seventh international conferchanges in the Romanian and European leg- ence on informatics in Economy, pg.99-105, islation for work safety and health. May 2005, Bucharest For this purpose, the description of system [5] Stiles J. - Age of aquarius- The educarequirements and a logical structuring in sub- tional challenge of the XXI century- in Joursystems was realized through the elaboration nal of Educational Content, no.2, vol 33, of an analysis model based on the UML dia- January 2005, pg.23-25
