Online Remote Recording and Monitoring of Sensor Data Using DTMF ...

Sensors & Transducers Volume 128, Issue 5, May 2011

www.sensorsportal.com

ISSN 1726-5479

Editors-in-Chief: professor Sergey Y. Yurish, tel.: +34 696067716, e-mail: [email protected] Editors for Western Europe Meijer, Gerard C.M., Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Ferrari, Vittorio, Universitá di Brescia, Italy Editor South America Costa-Felix, Rodrigo, Inmetro, Brazil

Editors for North America Datskos, Panos G., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA Fabien, J. Josse, Marquette University, USA Katz, Evgeny, Clarkson University, USA Editor for Asia Ohyama, Shinji, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Editor for Eastern Europe Sachenko, Anatoly, Ternopil State Economic University, Ukraine

Editor for Asia-Pacific Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Massey University, New Zealand

Editorial Advisory Board Abdul Rahim, Ruzairi, Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia Ahmad, Mohd Noor, Nothern University of Engineering, Malaysia Annamalai, Karthigeyan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan Arcega, Francisco, University of Zaragoza, Spain Arguel, Philippe, CNRS, France Ahn, Jae-Pyoung, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Korea Arndt, Michael, Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany Ascoli, Giorgio, George Mason University, USA Atalay, Selcuk, Inonu University, Turkey Atghiaee, Ahmad, University of Tehran, Iran Augutis, Vygantas, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania Avachit, Patil Lalchand, North Maharashtra University, India Ayesh, Aladdin, De Montfort University, UK Azamimi, Azian binti Abdullah, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia Bahreyni, Behraad, University of Manitoba, Canada Baliga, Shankar, B., General Monitors Transnational, USA Baoxian, Ye, Zhengzhou University, China Barford, Lee, Agilent Laboratories, USA Barlingay, Ravindra, RF Arrays Systems, India Basu, Sukumar, Jadavpur University, India Beck, Stephen, University of Sheffield, UK Ben Bouzid, Sihem, Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, Tunisia Benachaiba, Chellali, Universitaire de Bechar, Algeria Binnie, T. David, Napier University, UK Bischoff, Gerlinde, Inst. Analytical Chemistry, Germany Bodas, Dhananjay, IMTEK, Germany Borges Carval, Nuno, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Bousbia-Salah, Mounir, University of Annaba, Algeria Bouvet, Marcel, CNRS – UPMC, France Brudzewski, Kazimierz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Cai, Chenxin, Nanjing Normal University, China Cai, Qingyun, Hunan University, China Campanella, Luigi, University La Sapienza, Italy Carvalho, Vitor, Minho University, Portugal Cecelja, Franjo, Brunel University, London, UK Cerda Belmonte, Judith, Imperial College London, UK Chakrabarty, Chandan Kumar, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia Chakravorty, Dipankar, Association for the Cultivation of Science, India Changhai, Ru, Harbin Engineering University, China Chaudhari, Gajanan, Shri Shivaji Science College, India Chavali, Murthy, N.I. Center for Higher Education, (N.I. University), India Chen, Jiming, Zhejiang University, China Chen, Rongshun, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan Cheng, Kuo-Sheng, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Chiang, Jeffrey (Cheng-Ta), Industrial Technol. Research Institute, Taiwan Chiriac, Horia, National Institute of Research and Development, Romania Chowdhuri, Arijit, University of Delhi, India Chung, Wen-Yaw, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan Corres, Jesus, Universidad Publica de Navarra, Spain Cortes, Camilo A., Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia Courtois, Christian, Universite de Valenciennes, France Cusano, Andrea, University of Sannio, Italy D'Amico, Arnaldo, Università di Tor Vergata, Italy De Stefano, Luca, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystem, Italy Deshmukh, Kiran, Shri Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Barshi, India Dickert, Franz L., Vienna University, Austria Dieguez, Angel, University of Barcelona, Spain Dimitropoulos, Panos, University of Thessaly, Greece Ding, Jianning, Jiangsu Polytechnic University, China Djordjevich, Alexandar, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Donato, Nicola, University of Messina, Italy

Donato, Patricio, Universidad de Mar del Plata, Argentina Dong, Feng, Tianjin University, China Drljaca, Predrag, Instersema Sensoric SA, Switzerland Dubey, Venketesh, Bournemouth University, UK Enderle, Stefan, Univ.of Ulm and KTB Mechatronics GmbH, Germany Erdem, Gursan K. Arzum, Ege University, Turkey Erkmen, Aydan M., Middle East Technical University, Turkey Estelle, Patrice, Insa Rennes, France Estrada, Horacio, University of North Carolina, USA Faiz, Adil, INSA Lyon, France Fericean, Sorin, Balluff GmbH, Germany Fernandes, Joana M., University of Porto, Portugal Francioso, Luca, CNR-IMM Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Italy Francis, Laurent, University Catholique de Louvain, Belgium Fu, Weiling, South-Western Hospital, Chongqing, China Gaura, Elena, Coventry University, UK Geng, Yanfeng, China University of Petroleum, China Gole, James, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Gong, Hao, National University of Singapore, Singapore Gonzalez de la Rosa, Juan Jose, University of Cadiz, Spain Granel, Annette, Goteborg University, Sweden Graff, Mason, The University of Texas at Arlington, USA Guan, Shan, Eastman Kodak, USA Guillet, Bruno, University of Caen, France Guo, Zhen, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Gupta, Narendra Kumar, Napier University, UK Hadjiloucas, Sillas, The University of Reading, UK Haider, Mohammad R., Sonoma State University, USA Hashsham, Syed, Michigan State University, USA Hasni, Abdelhafid, Bechar University, Algeria Hernandez, Alvaro, University of Alcala, Spain Hernandez, Wilmar, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain Homentcovschi, Dorel, SUNY Binghamton, USA Horstman, Tom, U.S. Automation Group, LLC, USA Hsiai, Tzung (John), University of Southern California, USA Huang, Jeng-Sheng, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan Huang, Star, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan Huang, Wei, PSG Design Center, USA Hui, David, University of New Orleans, USA Jaffrezic-Renault, Nicole, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France Jaime Calvo-Galleg, Jaime, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain James, Daniel, Griffith University, Australia Janting, Jakob, DELTA Danish Electronics, Denmark Jiang, Liudi, University of Southampton, UK Jiang, Wei, University of Virginia, USA Jiao, Zheng, Shanghai University, China John, Joachim, IMEC, Belgium Kalach, Andrew, Voronezh Institute of Ministry of Interior, Russia Kang, Moonho, Sunmoon University, Korea South Kaniusas, Eugenijus, Vienna University of Technology, Austria Katake, Anup, Texas A&M University, USA Kausel, Wilfried, University of Music, Vienna, Austria Kavasoglu, Nese, Mugla University, Turkey Ke, Cathy, Tyndall National Institute, Ireland Khelfaoui, Rachid, Université de Bechar, Algeria Khan, Asif, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Kim, Min Young, Kyungpook National University, Korea South Ko, Sang Choon, Electronics. and Telecom. Research Inst., Korea South Kotulska, Malgorzata, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland Kratz, Henrik, Uppsala University, Sweden Kockar, Hakan, Balikesir University, Turkey Kong, Ing, RMIT University, Australia

Kumar, Arun, University of South Florida, USA Kumar, Subodh, National Physical Laboratory, India Kung, Chih-Hsien, Chang-Jung Christian University, Taiwan Lacnjevac, Caslav, University of Belgrade, Serbia Lay-Ekuakille, Aime, University of Lecce, Italy Lee, Jang Myung, Pusan National University, Korea South Lee, Jun Su, Amkor Technology, Inc. South Korea Lei, Hua, National Starch and Chemical Company, USA Li, Genxi, Nanjing University, China Li, Hui, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China Li, Xian-Fang, Central South University, China Li, Yuefa, Wayne State University, USA Liang, Yuanchang, University of Washington, USA Liawruangrath, Saisunee, Chiang Mai University, Thailand Liew, Kim Meow, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Lin, Hermann, National Kaohsiung University, Taiwan Lin, Paul, Cleveland State University, USA Linderholm, Pontus, EPFL - Microsystems Laboratory, Switzerland Liu, Aihua, University of Oklahoma, USA Liu Changgeng, Louisiana State University, USA Liu, Cheng-Hsien, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan Liu, Songqin, Southeast University, China Lodeiro, Carlos, University of Vigo, Spain Lorenzo, Maria Encarnacio, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain Lukaszewicz, Jerzy Pawel, Nicholas Copernicus University, Poland Ma, Zhanfang, Northeast Normal University, China Majstorovic, Vidosav, University of Belgrade, Serbia Marquez, Alfredo, Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados, Mexico Matay, Ladislav, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia Mathur, Prafull, National Physical Laboratory, India Maurya, D.K., Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore Mekid, Samir, University of Manchester, UK Melnyk, Ivan, Photon Control Inc., Canada Mendes, Paulo, University of Minho, Portugal Mennell, Julie, Northumbria University, UK Mi, Bin, Boston Scientific Corporation, USA Minas, Graca, University of Minho, Portugal Moghavvemi, Mahmoud, University of Malaya, Malaysia Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza, University of Cambridge, UK Molina Flores, Esteban, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico Moradi, Majid, University of Kerman, Iran Morello, Rosario, University "Mediterranea" of Reggio Calabria, Italy Mounir, Ben Ali, University of Sousse, Tunisia Mulla, Imtiaz Sirajuddin, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India Nabok, Aleksey, Sheffield Hallam University, UK Neelamegam, Periasamy, Sastra Deemed University, India Neshkova, Milka, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria Oberhammer, Joachim, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Ould Lahoucine, Cherif, University of Guelma, Algeria Pamidighanta, Sayanu, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), India Pan, Jisheng, Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, Singapore Park, Joon-Shik, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Korea South Penza, Michele, ENEA C.R., Italy Pereira, Jose Miguel, Instituto Politecnico de Setebal, Portugal Petsev, Dimiter, University of New Mexico, USA Pogacnik, Lea, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Post, Michael, National Research Council, Canada Prance, Robert, University of Sussex, UK Prasad, Ambika, Gulbarga University, India Prateepasen, Asa, Kingmoungut's University of Technology, Thailand Pullini, Daniele, Centro Ricerche FIAT, Italy Pumera, Martin, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan Radhakrishnan, S. National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India Rajanna, K., Indian Institute of Science, India Ramadan, Qasem, Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore Rao, Basuthkar, Tata Inst. of Fundamental Research, India Raoof, Kosai, Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble, France Rastogi Shiva, K. University of Idaho, USA Reig, Candid, University of Valencia, Spain Restivo, Maria Teresa, University of Porto, Portugal Robert, Michel, University Henri Poincare, France Rezazadeh, Ghader, Urmia University, Iran Royo, Santiago, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain Rodriguez, Angel, Universidad Politecnica de Cataluna, Spain Rothberg, Steve, Loughborough University, UK Sadana, Ajit, University of Mississippi, USA Sadeghian Marnani, Hamed, TU Delft, The Netherlands Sandacci, Serghei, Sensor Technology Ltd., UK Sapozhnikova, Ksenia, D.I.Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology, Russia Saxena, Vibha, Bhbha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India Schneider, John K., Ultra-Scan Corporation, USA

Sengupta, Deepak, Advance Bio-Photonics, India Seif, Selemani, Alabama A & M University, USA Seifter, Achim, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA Shah, Kriyang, La Trobe University, Australia Silva Girao, Pedro, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal Singh, V. R., National Physical Laboratory, India Slomovitz, Daniel, UTE, Uruguay Smith, Martin, Open University, UK Soleymanpour, Ahmad, Damghan Basic Science University, Iran Somani, Prakash R., Centre for Materials for Electronics Technol., India Srinivas, Talabattula, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India Srivastava, Arvind K., NanoSonix Inc., USA Stefan-van Staden, Raluca-Ioana, University of Pretoria, South Africa Sumriddetchka, Sarun, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand Sun, Chengliang, Polytechnic University, Hong-Kong Sun, Dongming, Jilin University, China Sun, Junhua, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China Sun, Zhiqiang, Central South University, China Suri, C. Raman, Institute of Microbial Technology, India Sysoev, Victor, Saratov State Technical University, Russia Szewczyk, Roman, Industrial Research Inst. for Automation and Measurement, Poland Tan, Ooi Kiang, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Tang, Dianping, Southwest University, China Tang, Jaw-Luen, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan Teker, Kasif, Frostburg State University, USA Thirunavukkarasu, I., Manipal University Karnataka, India Thumbavanam Pad, Kartik, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Tian, Gui Yun, University of Newcastle, UK Tsiantos, Vassilios, Technological Educational Institute of Kaval, Greece Tsigara, Anna, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Greece Twomey, Karen, University College Cork, Ireland Valente, Antonio, University, Vila Real, - U.T.A.D., Portugal Vanga, Raghav Rao, Summit Technology Services, Inc., USA Vaseashta, Ashok, Marshall University, USA Vazquez, Carmen, Carlos III University in Madrid, Spain Vieira, Manuela, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Portugal Vigna, Benedetto, STMicroelectronics, Italy Vrba, Radimir, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic Wandelt, Barbara, Technical University of Lodz, Poland Wang, Jiangping, Xi'an Shiyou University, China Wang, Kedong, Beihang University, China Wang, Liang, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA Wang, Mi, University of Leeds, UK Wang, Shinn-Fwu, Ching Yun University, Taiwan Wang, Wei-Chih, University of Washington, USA Wang, Wensheng, University of Pennsylvania, USA Watson, Steven, Center for NanoSpace Technologies Inc., USA Weiping, Yan, Dalian University of Technology, China Wells, Stephen, Southern Company Services, USA Wolkenberg, Andrzej, Institute of Electron Technology, Poland Woods, R. Clive, Louisiana State University, USA Wu, DerHo, National Pingtung Univ. of Science and Technology, Taiwan Wu, Zhaoyang, Hunan University, China Xiu Tao, Ge, Chuzhou University, China Xu, Lisheng, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Xu, Sen, Drexel University, USA Xu, Tao, University of California, Irvine, USA Yang, Dongfang, National Research Council, Canada Yang, Shuang-Hua, Loughborough University, UK Yang, Wuqiang, The University of Manchester, UK Yang, Xiaoling, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Yaping Dan, Harvard University, USA Ymeti, Aurel, University of Twente, Netherland Yong Zhao, Northeastern University, China Yu, Haihu, Wuhan University of Technology, China Yuan, Yong, Massey University, New Zealand Yufera Garcia, Alberto, Seville University, Spain Zakaria, Zulkarnay, University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia Zagnoni, Michele, University of Southampton, UK Zamani, Cyrus, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain Zeni, Luigi, Second University of Naples, Italy Zhang, Minglong, Shanghai University, China Zhang, Qintao, University of California at Berkeley, USA Zhang, Weiping, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Zhang, Wenming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Zhang, Xueji, World Precision Instruments, Inc., USA Zhong, Haoxiang, Henan Normal University, China Zhu, Qing, Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc., USA Zorzano, Luis, Universidad de La Rioja, Spain Zourob, Mohammed, University of Cambridge, UK

Sensors & Transducers Journal (ISSN 1726-5479) is a peer review international journal published monthly online by International Frequency Sensor Association (IFSA). Available in electronic and on CD. Copyright © 2011 by International Frequency Sensor Association. All rights reserved.

Sensors & Transducers Journal

Contents Volume 128 Issue 5 May 2011

www.sensorsportal.com

ISSN 1726-5479

Research Articles Handbook of Laboratory Measurements and Instrumentation: Editorial Review Sergey Y. Yurish.................................................................................................................................

I

Designing Fuzzy Adaptive Nonlinear Filter for Land Vehicle Ultra-Tightly Coupled Integrated Navigation Sensor Fusion Chien-Hao Tseng, Dah-Jing Jwo .......................................................................................................

1

Condition Monitoring of a Process Filter Applying Wireless Vibration Analysis Pekka Koskela, Marko Paavola, Jukka Karjanlahti and Kauko Leiviskä............................................

17

Analysis of Radio Model Performance for Clustering Sensor Networks H. Bello-Salau, A. F. Salami, F. Anwar, Md. Rafiqul Islam ................................................................

27

Wireless Crankarm Dynamometer for Cycling Caetano Decian Lazzari, Alexandre Balbinot.....................................................................................

39

Prediction of the Surface Oxidation Process of AlCuFe Quasicrystals by Using Artificial Neural Network Techniques Moh'd Sami S. Ashhab, Abdulla N. Oimat and Nabeel Abo Shaban. ................................................

55

Online Remote Recording and Monitoring of Sensor Data Using DTMF Technology Niladri Sekhar Tripathy, Sagarika Pal ................................................................................................

66

Detection of VX Simulants Using Piezoresistive Microcantilever Sensors Timothy Porter, Richard Venedam, Kevin Kyle and Gus Williams.....................................................

73

Study of a Modified Displacement Transducer of a Piston in a Power Cylinder S. C. Bera and Madan Bhowmick.......................................................................................................

81

Development of an Eletromiograph and Load Cell for the Silent Period Generation and Measurement in Myoelectric Signals of the Masseter and Temporal Muscles Alexandre Balbinot, Jeferson Figueró Feijó .......................................................................................

89

New Method for Fabrication of Co3O4 Thin Film Sensors: Structural, Morphological and Optoelectronic Properties Vikas Patil, Shailesh Pawar, Manik Chougule, Bharat Raut, Ramesh Mulik, Shashwati Sen ...........

100

Langmuir-Schäfer Film of Calix[4]pyrrole Exhibiting Sensing Properties with Gas Anesthetic Agent Sevoflurane Salvatore Petralia ...............................................................................................................................

115

Authors are encouraged to submit article in MS Word (doc) and Acrobat (pdf) formats by e-mail: [email protected] Please visit journal’s webpage with preparation instructions: http://www.sensorsportal.com/HTML/DIGEST/Submition.htm International Frequency Sensor Association (IFSA).

Sensors & Transducers Journal, Vol. 128, Issue 5, May 2011, pp. 66-72

Sensors & Transducers ISSN 1726-5479 © 2011 by IFSA http://www.sensorsportal.com

Online Remote Recording and Monitoring of Sensor Data Using DTMF Technology Niladri Sekhar TRIPATHY, Sagarika PAL Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Kolkata, [Under MHRD, Govt. of India], Block-FC, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700106, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Received: 11 March 2011 /Accepted: 20 May 2011 /Published: 28 May 2011

Abstract: Different wireless application platforms are available for remote monitoring and control of systems. In the present paper a system has been described for online remote recording and monitoring of sensor data using DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) technology where acoustic communication has been implemented. One DTMF transceiver in the sensing system has been used to generate and decode the DTMF tone corresponding to the sensor output which in turn is received from the mobile phone in the user side. A separate DTMF decoder has been used in the user side to decode the received DTMF tone corresponding to the sensor output from the sensor side. Microcontroller has been used to store the decoded data from the sensor and to control the whole operation sequentially. Thus online remote recording and monitoring of the sensor data have been possible at any where in the coverage area of the mobile network. Experimental result shows good linearity between data output taken directly from the sensor side and that remotely from user side. Copyright © 2011 IFSA. Keywords: Online remote recording and monitoring, Sensor data, DTMF Technology, Acoustic communication, Mobile network, Microcontroller.

1. Introduction A lot of researches have been performed by various researchers on remote sensing, monitoring and transmission of remote data. In case of remote monitoring, camera has been frequently used as non contact type of vision sensor [1-5]. Camera has been used in robotic applications [1, 3-5]. Mark Seelyel et. al. [3] designed a robotic arm. The system was designed for measuring the plant tissue 66

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growth and was controlled from the host PC remotely with the help of Zigbee transceivers. Dong – Ying et. al. [4] used cell phone and internet services for remote operation. Andrew Gilbert et. al. [5] designed tracking system for mobile robot. They have used three different sensors and camera to estimate the actual position of the object. Zhao Xiaoqiang et. al. [6] designed a sewage monitor system which can measure PH, flow rate, temperature, hardness, turbidity, salinity and nitrogen as well as ammonia dissolved in water per unit volume by different sensor. They used telephone net and GSM technology to transfer the recorded data to user PC. To monitor oil wells GPRS technology was used in [7]. Zigbee wireless technology has several advantages like as low power, low price, low put-off, high bandwidth, no-blind area, end to end security connection. For this reason Meijuan Gaol et. al. [8] designed a remote monitoring system using Zigbee wireless network. To protect the natural areas and forest environments, Joao Neves Moutinho et. al. [9] designed a surveillance system using camera. The vertical and horizontal movements of camera were done by stepper motor and DC motor accordingly. The system had several sensors for measuring temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction. pic16f877 microcontroller was used to execute the control software. Yan Hongwei et. al. [10] designed a remote data monitoring system using GSM technology. The communication software was written in VB programming language. Dynamic performance monitoring system has been developed by ChungLiang Chang [11] where system was capable of detecting as well as recording the different parameters of several remote power stations. Heat pollution has negative impact on around sea area. LU Xia [12] measured the temperature of different region of sea surface on different days and designed different spatial distribution map. DTMF technology has several advantages over conventional RF communication. D. Manojkumar et. al. [13] controlled a robot by a mobile phone that makes call to the other mobile phone attached to the robot which had a RF camera that transmits an actual video at the operation monitor. Based on the received video, the corresponding commands were passed from the mobile phone which was connected with the transmitter side. Tulijappa M. Ladwa et. al. [14] used DTMF signal for controlling remotely located domestic systems. In the present project work an online remote sensor data recording and monitoring system has been designed using DTMF technology. The sensor output has been varied in the range of 0 to 5 V and this voltage has been transmitted to any remote location determined by the mobile network. Experimental results show that the received signal is linear with the transmitted signal and the error is within tolerable limit.

2. Methodology and Block Diagram Overall block diagram of the present project is shown in Fig. 1. From the block diagram it is clear that total system has two mobile phones. One is in user hand and other is attached with the sensing system which is located in remote area. User mobile phone and sensing system mobile phone are connected via mobile network. Analog sensor output is converted to 8-bit digital data through ADC. The microcontroller receives the sensor data via 8255 I/O port and sends that to the DTMF transceiver 4-bits at a time. DTMF transceiver generates the corresponding DTMF tone which is passed through loud speaker for acoustic amplification. As sensing system mobile phone is connected to the user mobile phone at the receiving end, the generated DTMF tone is transferred to the user mobile phone via mobile network. In the user side the received DTMF tone is decoded by the DTMF decoder and the digital bit pattern is generated which is equivalent to the output data generated by the remote sensor. A LED display unit attached to the decoder in the user side is used to monitor the sensor data locally. After decoding the sensor data, the microcontroller stores it in the memory and passes it to the DAC to convert it into analog form.

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Fig. 1. Overall Block Diagram.

3. Detail Circuit diagram & Explanation The detail circuit diagram of remote sensor data recording and monitoring system is shown in Fig. 2. In the present project MT8880, CM8870 IC is used to implement the DTMF transceiver and DTMF decoder circuit. A crystal or ceramic resonator having a resonant frequency of 3.579545 MHz has been connected to complete the internal clock circuit of both DTMF transceiver and decoder circuit. The circuit is powered by 5 V supply. The sensor output is converted into DTMF signal through the transceiver MT8880. The DTMF signal is picked up by the sensing system mobile phone and transmitted to the user mobile phone through mobile network. The tip and ring of the head phone in the user side is connected to the specified pin of CM8870 which decodes the received DTMF tone and generates the digital bit pattern which is the corresponding sensor data. This data is stored in the microcontroller and also converted to analog data by using DAC. Capacitor and resistor connected in pin number 2 and 3 of both DTMF transceiver (MT8880) and decoder (CM8870) circuit are used to adjust the gain control of the input signal. Capacitor and resistor connected in pin 19 and 18 of transceiver and 18 and 16 pin of decoder has been used to set the ‘guard time’ which is the minimum time required to recognize two different valid DTMF tones. A pull up resistor is connected in pin 13 of transceiver. A decoupling capacitor in pin 20 is used to optimize the performance of the transceiver by keeping noise on the supply rails to minimum. A load resistance and capacitor are connected in parallel with the speaker at pin 8 of MT8880. Pin 14,15,16,17 of MT8880 are connected with a bidirectional data bus of the 8255 I/O port and 9,10,11,12 are connected with another I/O port of the 8255. The ‘Q-test’ signal (pin 15) indicates that the valid tone has been detected by the decoder.

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Fig. 2. Detail circuit diagram of the system.

4. Sequence of Operation for Remote Data Recording and Monitoring In the present project, following sequence of operations have been followed for online remote sensor data recording and monitoring. Step 1: To get the system ready: The user mobile phone calls the sensing system mobile phone which is set in auto receiving mode. Thus two mobile phones are connected via mobile network. Now the system is ready to record the data. Step 2: To generate the sensor output: A variable resistive type sensor has been used which shows voltage variation of 0 to 5 V after signal conditioning. To convert the analog sensor data in digital form an 8-bit ADC has been used. Microcontroller reads the 8-bit digital data through 8255 I/O port and stores the data in its memory. Step 3: To generate the DTMF tone corresponding to the sensor output: Control software has been developed for the microcontroller to send the control signal to the DTMF transceiver to select it in transmitting mode. Microcontroller then splits the stored 8-bit data in to 4-bit form and passes that to the DTMF transceiver through 8255 I/O port. DTMF transceiver generates the DTMF tone according to the 4-bit digital data. To represent 8-bit data in to acoustic signal two DTMF tones have been generated. Step 4: To transmit the DTMF tone at the user side: Generated valid DTMF tone is passed through the loud speaker for acoustic amplification. Sensing system mobile phone located adjacent to the loud speaker sends the generated DTMF tone to the user side through mobile network. 69

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Step 5: To convert the received DTMF tone into digital form: A DTMF decoder circuit is implemented at the user side to convert the received DTMF tone into 4-bit digital form. Microcontroller combines two consecutive 4-bit digital data into 8-bit data which is the digital equivalent of the analog sensor output and stores that data in the memory. Step 6: To convert the digital data in analog form: An 8-bit DAC has been used to convert the 8-bit data into analog form, which corresponds the sensor output at the remote sensing system side. Step 7: To monitor the decoded output: A 5-LED indicator has been used to monitor the decoded sensor data at the user side.

5. Experimental Result In the experimental work the analog signal from the sensor is varied from 0 to 5 V. Its digital equivalent (MSB and LSB), and the corresponding generated DTMF tone frequencies before transmission have been recorded and is shown in Table 1. The decoded digital bit pattern after receiving the DTMF tone at the user end has been converted into analog value. Analog sensor output at the sensing system side and the analog equivalent of decoded digital output signal at the user side has been plotted in Fig. 3, which shows a linear relation. This indicates that one to one correspondence exists between the generated data from sensor and the received data after transmission.

Table 1. Experimental Data for Remote Sensor Data Recording System.

No.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sensor output before transmission Digital equivalent Analog value, V MSB LSB 0.00 0.92 1.32 2.32 3.12 4.64 5.03

0000 0011 0100 0111 1001 1111 1111

0000 0010 1000 1110 0101 0000 1111

Generated DTMF tone frequency for transmission (HZ)

Decoded digital bit pattern at receiving end

For MSB

For LSB

MSB

LSB

357.14 312.5 125 166.66 119.047 333.33 333.33

357.14 250 192.30 172.413 178.57 357.14 333.33

0000 0011 0100 0111 1100 1111 1111

0000 0010 1000 1110 1111 0000 1111

Analog equivalent of decoded digital output (after DAC), V 0.24 1.27 1.55 2.59 3.20 4.86 5.24

6. Conclusions DTMF (Dual-tone multi-frequency signal) Technology is an alternative means of communication to Radio Frequency (RF) with advantages of simplicity and audibility. In the present project DTMF technology has been used to implement acoustic communication for remote online recording and monitoring of the sensor data within the mobile coverage network. Since acoustic transmission of sensor data is implemented in the present system, the speed of transmission is very high compared to other alternative transmission methods. From the experimental result, it is observed that the digital equivalent of sensor output before transmission and decoded digital bit pattern at receiving end or user side after transmission are same which indicates that the data transmission is error free. It is also 70

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observed that analog value of the sensor output and analog equivalent of decoded digital output from DAC are not exactly equal because of the initial offset of 0.24 V and the error due to component mismatch and tolerance of ADC and DAC circuit. The system developed in this project is very much simple, rugged, and cost effective. Video data transmission is the future scope of the project.

Fig. 3. Sensor output before transmission vs. Analog equivalent of decoded digital output after transmission.

References [1]. Tamotsu Machino, Satoshi Iwaki, Hiroaki Kawata, Yoshimasa Yanagihara, Yoshito Nanjo, and Ken-Ichiro Shimokura, Remote-Collaboration System Using Mobile Robot with Camera and Projector, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA’ 2006), Orlando, Florida, 15-19 May 2006, pp. 4063 – 4068. [2]. N. Nishiuchi, K. Kurihara, S. Sakai and H. Takada, A Man-Machine Interface for Camera Control in Remote Monitoring Using Line-of-Sight, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Nashville, TN, 08-11 Oct. 2000, pp. 882-887. [3]. Mark Seelye, Gourab Sen Gupta, John Seelye, S. C. Mukhopadhyay, Camera-in-hand Robotic System for Remote Monitoring of Plant Growth in a Laboratory, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), Austin, TX, 3-6 May 2010, pp. 809-814. [4]. Dong-Ying Ju, Rui Zhong and Masaya Takahashi, Development of Remote Control and Monitor System for Autonomous Mobile Robot Based on Virtual Cell Phone, 2nd International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control (ICICIC '07), Kumamoto, 5-7 Sept. 2007, pp. 291-294. [5]. Andrew Gilbert, John Illingworth and Richard Bowden, Accurate Fusion of Robot, Camera and Wireless Sensors for Surveillance Applications, IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops), Kyoto, September, 27, 2009-Oct. 4, 2009, pp. 1290-1297. [6]. Zhao Xiaoqiang, Zhang Zuhou, Li Mengfan, Wu Lei, Development of Remote Sewage Monitor System, International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology (ICEET '09), Guilin, Guangxi, 16-18 October 2009, pp. 500-502. [7]. Wang Yin-Wen, Hou Min-Xian, Remote Monitoring System for Oil Wells Based on GPRS Technology, 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology (ICCET), Chengdu, 16-18 April 2010, pp. 607-611. [8]. Meijuan Gao, Jin Xu, Jingwen Tian, Fan Zhang, ZigBee Wireless Mesh Networks for Remote Monitoring System of Pumping Unit, in Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Chongqing, China, June 25 - 27 2008. pp. 5901-5905. [9]. Joao Neves Moutinho, Fernando David Mesquita, Nuno Martins, Rui Esteves Araaujo, Progresses on the Design of a Surveillance System to Protect Forests from Fire, IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Vol. 2, 16-19 Sept. 2003, pp. 191-194. 71

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[10].Yan Hongwei, Pan Hongxia, Remote Data Monitoring System Design Based on GSM Short Message Service, IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISlE’ 2009), Seoul Olympic Parktel, Seoul, Korea, July 5-8, 2009, pp. 364-367. [11].Chung-Liang Chang, Ah-Shing Liu, Yung-Tien Chen, Dynamic performance monitoring system of Taiwan power company, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 8, Issue 3, 1993, pp. 815-822. [12].Lu Xia, Sea Surface Temperature Extraction by MODIS Remote Sensing Data in Lianyungang Sea Area, 2nd IITA International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IITA-GRS), Qingdao, 28-31 Aug. 2010, pp. 118-120. [13].D. Manojkumar, P. Mathankumar, E. Saranya and S. Pavithradevi, Mobile Controlled Robot using DTMF Technology for Industrial Application, International Journal of Electronics Engineering Research, Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2010, pp. 349-355. [14].Tulijappa M. Ladwa, Sanjay M. Ladwa, R Sudhrashan Kaarthik, Alok Ranjan Dhara Nayan Dalei, Control of Remote domestic System using DTMF, International Conference on Instrumentation, Communications, Information Technology, and Biomedical Engineering (ICICI-BME), Bandung, Indonesia, 2009, pp. 1-6. ___________________ 2011 Copyright ©, International Frequency Sensor Association (IFSA). All rights reserved. (http://www.sensorsportal.com)

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