2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (WCFTR’16)
Self - Propelled Safety System Using CAN ProtocolA Review M. Santhosh Kumar, PG Scholar
Dr.C.R.Balamurugan
ME – Embedded System Technologies Arunai Engineering College Tiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India
[email protected]
Associate Professor/EEE Arunai Engineering College Tiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India
[email protected]
Abstract—The most of the people using vehicles which have become the most important part in our life for transportation. In existing system the main snags are glaring effect accidents due to opposite vehicle headlight illumination at night driving. Second the short circuit fault in automotive wiring. Third is to perceive gas leakage fire accidents. Fourth faults due to increase in temperature on engine. Fifth higher sound in horn which cause disturbance in restricted surroundings. Sixth inaccurate fuel level monitoring in analog meter. Seventh accidents due to unequal wheel pressure. The proposed system has two modules Master and Slave they are communicating through CAN (Controller Area Network).The hardware has been developed in SMT (Surface Mount Technology) with SMD (Surface Mount Device) components and the hardware uses double layer PCB (Printed Circuit Board) design to optimize the space requirement and power consumption. The proposed system will be in cost effective safety system, reliability and hardware size will be small. Index Terms— Controller Area Network, Automotive safety, Fuel level monitoring, wheel pressure, Adaptive headlights, Automatic dim/bright, Temperature, Gas leakage prevention.
I. INTRODUCTION The need of a vehicles increased every day, People are like safe and comfort travel with low cost investment. In this proposed system there are seven safety measures are included in this system. These safety measures are the most common reasons for road accidents during day and night time driving. The Main motivation of this proposed system is to reduce driving accidents for automotive. In this proposed system the included measures are, • The first one is to reduce night time driving accidents due to opponent headlight illumination by AFHAS (Automatic Front Headlight Adjustment System) because most of the accidents arisen at night time driving. • The second one is to reduce the short circuit faults at the vehicle wiring connections. • The third one is the gas leakage detection and prevention.
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The fourth one is a temperature monitoring in an automotive engine location. The fifth one is to automatically adjust horn sound for the respective surroundings. The sixth one is to display accurate fuel level. The seventh is monitoring the wheel pressure. II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Kalaiyarasu and Karthikeyan [1] developed automotive safety system with various sensors using PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) microcontroller communicating through CAN serial communication protocol it precedes required actions, values displayed in dashboard for driver assistance. Pradhan suvendu kedareswar and Venkatasubramanian krishnamoorthy [2] proposed a mechanism that not only computes the deceleration of vehicle due to braking and displays the braking intensity through an array of LED (Light Emitting Diode) but also involves monitoring the braking intensity levels and communicate it to the vehicles that are following it in lambertian range of IR(Infra Red) transmitter module to avoid any collision pre-hand, due to any situation that may arise and cause immediate deceleration of the vehicle ahead. The system is integrated with CAN controller for effective control of collision avoidance parameters. Jianqun Wang et al [3] discussed an autonomous dynamic synchronization method for CAN communication based on the queue of IDs of frames is proposed to realize a quasi synchronous communication result. The purpose of the method is setting up a quasi synchronous principle, in which every CPU sends information according to an agreed consequence so that the possibility of collisions is reduced and the situation on which CPUs send data in no order is avoided and thus the flow of effective data in communication and real-time ability of data in network are heighten, and at the same time arranges the CPU an given sending queue to reduce the losses of frames due to arbitration conflicts, which, guarantees the synchronous acquisition greatly . Hyeryun Lee et al [4] demonstrated that automobiles on the streets were very vulnerable to the cyber attacks conducted by injecting harmful packets into the popular car network, CAN via a wireless communication channel, Bluetooth. In contrast to the some previous works showed the
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2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (WCFTR’16) vulnerability of automobiles, based on the in-depth analysis, we showed that it was possible to attack automobiles by only injecting the packets fuzzed in random manners. Donghyuk Jang et al [5] described the end-to-end channel modeling of CAN communication using a transmission matrix and verified it through experiments. By multiplication of each transmission matrix, the total transmission matrix and the transfer function of the system. Based on the proposed method, the channel frequency response which can be used for decision of suggested tap length and bandwidth without real measurements. Jaromir Skuta and Jifi Kulhanek [6] focused to verification of communication algorithm and possibilities with use of PCAN-LAIN interface. For the verification were used specific two LED lights with controllers accessed through LIN interface. The high level controller was PC with USB-CAN interface. Shane Tuohy et al [7] made a detailed survey of large numbers of sensors to provide driver assistance applications and the associated high-bandwidth requirements of these sensors have accelerated the demand for faster and more flexible network communication technologies within the vehicle. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of current research on advanced intra-vehicle networks and identifies outstanding research questions for the future. Beying Deng and Xufeng Zhang [8] made an survey on development of the internet of the things and inside of the automobile industry has spawned the car network and led to the development of automobile active safety technology, automotive safety technology of traditional passive safety technology and pre-crash protection technology and so on. This technology still can’t prevent the traffic accident very well, this brings new study on the active safety technology based on various factors of traffic accidents .It focuses on how to prevent the collision and accidents and look on the human condition, road condition monitoring, aided scheduling, prevention of traffic accidents through the car networking means. At the same time, along with the establishment of new car networking information network, information security is new to the safety car. Sathya Narayanan et al [9] proposed implementation of CAN protocol using ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) Microcontroller for vehicle monitoring and controlling system. The main feature is to monitor various parameters such as presence of CO (Carbon Monoxide) level, load balancing, pressure level and humidity. Yeshwant Deodhe et al [10] observed that the framework of sensor network for monitoring industrial parameters is explained where sensors are physically distributed and CAN is used to exchange system information. CAN is a high integrity serial bus protocol that is designed to operate at high speeds ranging from 20kbit/s to 1Mbit/s which provide an efficient, reliable and very economical link. Alberto Broggi et al [11] suggested has presented VisLab’s approach to future autonomous cars, including considerations on hardware and software. The main driving forces being low cost and deep integration, VisLab is currently focusing on vision technologies to implement the perception layer. Indeed, other sensors demonstrated the ability to deliver a very robust set of data about the surrounding environment, but their cost and installation requirements may not favor their integration in future series
vehicles. To test and challenge those design choices in a variety of real situations, a very extensive and unique test has been organized. To run, the test special vehicles have been equipped with subsystems of the developed technology, which is currently integrated on BRAiVE: VisLab’s most advanced prototype. Vikash Kumar Singh and Kumari Archana [12] discussed the benefit of control systems with network architecture over traditional systems with a central processor. A suitable standard protocol, CAN, is briefly presented and its current and future use in automobile machines is discussed. Jaimon Chacko Varghese and Binesh Ellupurayil Balachandran [13] developed the low cost device that can actively display the fuel mileage of a motorbike and display it in real time onto a display which is attached / placed on the dashboard of a vehicle along with other driver information system. Vijayalakshmi in [14] introduces an embedded system with a combination of CAN bus systems. Digital control of the vehicle is an important criterion of modern technology. With the rapid development of embedded technology, highperformance embedded processor is penetrated into the auto industries, which are low cost, high reliability and other features to meet the needs of the modern automobile industry. The proposed high-speed CAN bus system solves the problem of automotive system applications, also has a certain practical value and significance. With ARM as the main controller and it makes full use of the high-performance of ARM, high-speed reduction of CAN bus communication control networks and instrument control so as to achieve full sharing of data between nodes and enhance their collaborative work. This system features efficient data transfer among different nodes in the practical applications. Ashwini et al [15] describes the ARM7 based design and implementation of CAN Bus prototype for vehicle automation. It focus on hardware and software design of intelligent node. Hardware interface circuit mainly consists of MCP2515 stand alone CAN-Controller with SPI interface, LPC2148 microcontroller based on 32-bit ARM7 TDMI-S CPU and MCP2551 high speed CAN Transceiver. MCP2551 CAN Transceiver implements ISO11898 standard physical layer requirements. The software design for CAN bus network are mainly the design of CAN bus data communication between nodes, and data processing for analog signals. The design of software communication module includes system initialization and CAN controller initialization unit, message sending unit, message receiving unit and the interrupt service unit. Che Soh et al [16] made a survey on the design of a CO gas leakage detector in vehicles. The number of sudden death incidents due to excessive CO inhalation has recently increased. Many cases are due to driver habits and awareness, for instance, air conditioning switches remain on while they are sleeping in the car. A vehicle gas leakage detector system has been developed using a gas sensor and logic detector circuit. Subsequently, the signal from the sensor is fed to an 8-bit PIC16F84 microcontroller on-board system via appropriate interfacing devices, which will run on pre-programmed instructions. The literature survey reviles few recent papers on CAN protocol.
2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (WCFTR’16) III. CAN ARCHITECTURE, STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS The CAN bus is a serial Communications bus for real-time control applications, Operates at data rates of up to 1 Megabits per second, and has excellent error detection and confinement capabilities. CAN was originally developed by the German company, Robert Bosch, for use in cars, to provide a costeffective communications bus for in-car electronics and as alternative to expensive, cumbersome and unreliable wiring looms and connectors in fig 1.The car industry continues to use CAN for an increasing number of applications, but because of its proven reliability and robustness, CAN is now also being used in many other control applications[7]. CAN or Controller Area Network is a robust industrial strength hardware and software protocol used to communicate between microcontrollers [8]. Data messages transmitted from any node on a CAN bus do not contain addresses of either the transmitting node, or of any intended receiving node in fig 2. Instead, the content of the message (e.g. Revolution per Minute, Hopper Full, X-ray Dosage, etc.) is labeled by an identifier that is unique throughout the network
size of the identifier fields are, The Standard CAN protocol (version 2.0A), also now known as Base Frame Format, supports messages with 11 bit identifiers.[12]The Extended CAN protocol (version 2.0B), also now known as Extended Frame Format, supports both 11 bit and 29 bit identifiers. Most 2.0A controllers transmit and receive only Standard format messages, although some (known as 2.0B passive) will receive extended format messages - but then ignore them. 2.0B controllers can send and receive messages in both formats. The CAN communications protocol, ISO-11898: 2003, describes how information is passed between devices on a network and conforms to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model that is defined in terms of layers.
Fig. 2. Implementation of CAN protocol
Fig. 1. Block diagram of CAN protocol
All other nodes on the network receive the message and each performs an acceptance test on the identifier to determine if the message, and thus its content, is relevant to that particular node. If the message is relevant, it will be processed; otherwise it is ignored. The unique identifier also determines the priority of the message. The lower the numerical value of the identifier, the higher the priority. In situations where two or more nodes attempt to transmit at the same time, a non-destructive arbitration technique guarantees that messages are sent in order of priority and that no messages are lost. CAN use Non Return to Zero (NRZ) encoding (with bitstuffing) for data communication on a differential two wire bus. The use of NRZ encoding ensures compact messages with a minimum number of transitions and high resilience to external disturbance. The two wire bus is usually a twisted pair (shielded or unshielded).Flat pair (telephone type) cable also performs well but generates more noise itself, and may be more susceptible to external sources of noise[3]. CAN will operate in extremely harsh environments and the extensive error checking mechanisms ensure that any transmission errors are detected. There are two types of CAN implementations depending in the
Actual communication between devices connected by the physical medium is defined by the physical layer of the model. The ISO 11898 architecture defines the lowest two layers of the seven layer OSI/ISO model as the data-link layer and physical layer in fig 3.
Fig. 3. The layered ISO 111898 Standard Architecture
In the application layer establishes the communication link to an upper-level application specific protocol such as the vendor-independent CANopen™ protocol. This protocol is supported by the international users and manufacturers group, CAN in Automation (CiA).
2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (WCFTR’16) IV. PROPOSED WORK In this proposed work, these seven measures are converted into two modules one is master module another one is slave module. The master module shown in fig.4 it has LPG gas leakage sensor and exhaust gas control unit and temperature monitoring unit and automatic front headlight adjustment system .The slave module shown in fig.4 it has digital fuel level sensor, short-circuit identification unit, wheel pressure monitoring sensor and Radio Frequency transmitter and receiver for horn volume automatic adjustment. These two modules are designed in double layer PCB. This proposed system has hardware and software. Surface Mount Device Hardware used in this proposed system. Both master and slave modules are communicating through vehicle communication bus Controller Area Network protocol.
Avoid Rear-End Collision of Vehicles” IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics, Communication and Energy Systems, 2015, pp.1-5. Jianqun Wang , Jingxuan Chen and Ning Cao, “ A Method to Improve the Stability and Real-time Ability of CAN”International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation,2015,pp 1531 – 1536. Hyeryun Lee, Kyunghee Choi, Kihyun Chung Jaein Kim and Kangbin Yim “ Fuzzing CAN Packets into Automobiles” International Conference on Advanced Information networking and Applications,2015,pp.817-821. Donghyuk Jang, Sungmin Han, Suwon Kang, and Ji-Woong Choi “Communication Channel Modeling of Controller Area Network (CAN)”International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Nwtworks, 2015,pp.86-88. Jaromir Skuta and Jifi Kulhanek “Control of car LED lights by CAN/LIN bus”2015, pp 486-489. Shane Tuohy, Martin Glavin, Ciarán Hughes, Edward Jones, Mohan Trivedi, and Liam Kilmartin, “Intra-Vehicle Networks: A Review” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation systems,Vol.16,issue 2,pp.534-545,2014. Beying Deng and Xufeng Zhang “Car networking application in vehicle safety” Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry Applications, 2014, pp.834-837. Sathya narayanan, Monica and Suresh,“Design and implementation of ARM microcontroller based vehicle monitoring and control system using Controller Area Network(CAN) protocol”,Internation Journal on Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014 ,Vol 3,Issue 3,pp.712-718. Yeshwant Deodhe, Swapnil Jain and Ravindra Gimonkar, “Implementation of Sensor Network using Efficient CAN Interface”, International Journal of Computing and Technology, 2014, Vol. 1, Issue 1. Pp.19-23. Alberto Broggi, Michele Buzzoni, Stefano Debattisti,Paolo Grisleri, Maria Chiara Laghi, Paolo Medici, and Pietro Versari, “Extensive Tests of Autonomous Driving Technologies” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp.1403-1415, 2013. Vikash Kumar Singh and Kumari Archana, “Implementation of CAN Protocol in Automobiles Using Advanced Embedded System” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2013, Vol.4 pp. 4422-4427. Jaimon Chacko Varghese, Binesh Ellupurayil Balachandran, “Low Cost Intelligent Real Time Fuel Mileage Indicator for Motorbikes”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering , 2013, Vol-2, Issue-5,pp.97-107. S.Vijayalakshmi, “Vehicle control system implementation using CAN protocol”, International Journal of Advanced research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 2013, vol 2, issue 6, pp.2532-2538. Ashwini S. Shinde , Prof. vidhyadhar and B. Dharmadhikari , “Controller Area Network for Vehicle automation”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering ,2012, Vol. 2, Issue 2,pp.12-17. A.Che Soh, M.K.Hassan and A.J.Ishak, “Vehicle Gas Leakage Detector”, The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 2010, Vol. 11. Number 2, pp.66-76.
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[11] Fig 4. Block Diagram
V. CONCLUSION It is clear from the body of work in the literature and from the CAN protocol analysis, The Controller Area Network is reliable, cost effective and improved network speed of 1 Mb/s, and has excellent error detection, confinement capabilities and reduced hardware size. Hence the CAN protocol along with various sensors is proposed in this work and it can provide the safety measures in automotive vehicles. In future, this proposed system can be extended to monitor the additional functions like monitoring of Anti-skid braking, automatic manual transmission, gearbox control, traction control and door control. REFERENCES K.Kalaiyarasu and C.Karthikeyan., “ Design of an Automotive Safety System using Controller Area Network”, International Conference on Robotics, Automation, Control and Embedded Systems – RACE, 2015,Vol.1,pp. 1-5 [2] Pradhan suvendu kedareswar and Venkatasubramanian krishnamoorthy, “ A CAN Protocol Based Embedded System to
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