UNSW@ADFA
RESEARCH WORKSHOP PROGRAM
Searching Bibliographical Databases in Science and Engineering 1 July 2004 0930-1230 UNSW@ADFA
Sevilay Esat Liaison Librarian – Science & Engineering
[email protected] 6268 8495
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The emphasis in this workshop will be on teaching practical research skills that all students of science and technology should find useful in locating relevant information for their research.
Outline:
09.30 - 09.45
Introduction and overview
09.45 – 10.00
Search strategies
10.00 – 10.30
Briefing on important databases in the subject area – followed by hands-on practice session
10.30-10.45
Morning tea
10.45- 12.00
Databases cont.
12.00 – 12.30
Keeping up to date Locating Your References Citing Your References Managing Your References Wrap up, summary, and time for questions and answers
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Contents Outline Information Needs of Scientists and Engineers Search Strategy Databases ISI Web of Knowledge (Web of Science, ANU,UC,ADFA Current Contents Connect, ANU, UC, ADFA INSPEC, ANU, ADFA) IEEE Xplore (ANU, UC, ADFA) Emerald (UC, ADFA) Expanded Academic (UC, ADFA) ProQuest 5000 (ANU, ADFA) ScienceDirect (ANU, ADFA) SciFinder Scholar (ANU, ADFA) Journal Collections Kluwer (ANU, UC, ADFA) Springer Link (ADFA) Wiley Interscience (ANU, UC, ADFA) Ingenta Search Engines Other Sources Theses Standards & Patents Yearbooks & Handbooks Web Resources Preprints & Eprints Keeping up to date with Research: email Alerts Locating Your references Citing Your References Managing Your References Evaluation of information Wrap up and summary
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74 76 76 77 78 79
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Information needs of scientists and engineers In the engineering and science world information plays a key role. It is of vital importance in research and development work and is also needed for practical work. Engineering and science students and researchers face an ever-growing mass of information, which is distributed in both print and electronic formats. It is impossible to have more than a fraction of knowledge of all the recorded information, observations, experiments, measurements, standards, diagrams and opinions of the hundreds of thousands of people. It is, therefore, extremely important to learn how to search for and obtain information efficiently. Information in science and technology comes from a variety of sources: • • • • • • • • •
Talking to your colleagues Books (including reference books, encyclopedias, handbooks, dictionaries) Journals Conference papers Theses Reports Patents Standards Web pages
Search Strategy What is a search strategy? A search strategy is a plan on how to search for information. There are 4 basic steps λ λ λ λ
Identifying the key concepts Determining the terms to search on Applying the logical relationships between these terms Choosing the databases to search
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Example
The application of biometric techniques for authenticating access to computer networks Identifying the key concepts There are three main concepts here: λ λ λ
biometric techniques authentication computer networks
Finding synonyms and related terms Concept 1 : λ λ λ λ
biometry / biometric / biometrics fingerprint scans retinal scans / iris scans voice scans
Concept 2 : λ λ
authenticate / authenticating / authentication secure / security
Concept 3 : λ computer / computers / network / networks
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Boolean Operators Using Boolean operators to combine the concepts:
A AND B
A OR B
A NOT B
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Truncation We can often simplify the construction of the search through the use of truncation symbols. Most databases enable you to search on variations of a word through the use of a truncation symbol. The truncation symbol can be • • •
? * $
♣ Always go to the help screen to find out which applies.
Applying the correct logical relationships between these terms: (biometry OR biometric OR biometrics OR fingerprint scans OR retinal scans OR iris scans OR voice scans) AND (authenticate OR authenticating OR authentication OR secure OR security) AND (computer OR computers OR network OR networks) Finally, we can simplify the construction of the search through the use of truncation symbols So we might reduce our search to: (biometr? OR fingerprint scan? OR retinal scan? OR iris scan? OR voice scan?) AND (authenticat? OR secur?) AND (computer? OR network?)
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Exercise 1. Write down your research topic.
2. Identify the concepts.
3. Find synonyms and related terms for each concept.
4. Apply the Boolean logic.
5. Write the search strategy.
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Databases Databases differ in the way they present information: • • • •
indexing only (most university catalogues) abstracting (INSPEC, Current Contents Connect, Web of Science) abstracting + full text (IEEE Explore, ScienceDirect, Kluwer, ProQuest 5000, Wiley Interscience, Springer Link) full text (ACM)
Definitions of Database Terminology (source:http://www.geneseo.edu/~brainard/bdsdefinitionsworkshop.htm)
database
record
field
field searching
keyword searching
A collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data. Data is organized into fields, records, and files. Here are some examples of database applications: computerized library systems, automated teller machines, flight reservation systems, and computerized parts inventory systems. The internal organization of a database can affect how quickly and flexibly you can access information. A record is one complete set of fields, and multiple records form a file. A personnel file, for instance, has a separate record for each employee, with each record containing a name field, an address field, and a phone number field. A field is a single piece of information, and has a name called the field name. A tax form, for example, contains a number of fields: one for your name, one for your Social Security Number, one for your income, etc. They are called the name field, the Social Security Number field, and the income field, respectively. A type of query that directs the computer to search only a particular field for the desired term(s). An example would be a title search in a book catalog. A type of query, less precise than a field search, that directs the computer to find any record that contains your search terms, regardless of what field contains the word. An example would be a periodical index that retrieves articles whether your search terms are in the article title, journal title, or summary. Most databases will perform a keyword search unless you direct them to do a field search.
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Database searching techniques named for a mathematician named Boole. A Boolean search uses operators such as AND, OR and NOT to combine words or phrases in a complex search statement. Boolean operators These techniques may be combined in most databases, usually using parentheses to ensure the order of execution. For instance, nutrition and (dog or canine) will retrieve records that contain the word nutrition and either the word dog or the word canine. The Boolean AND is used to narrow search results by demanding that two or more words appear in the records retrieved. An example Boolean AND would be cancer and treatment, which would result only in records that contain both these words. The Boolean OR is used to widen a search by allowing the computer to retrieve records with either of the two words present. Boolean OR An example would be dog or canine, which would result in records that contain the word dog as well as records that contain the word canine. The Boolean NOT is used to narrow a search by eliminating records that are inapplicable to your search. An example would be music not Boolean NOT rock, which would only retrieve records containing the word music that do not contain the word rock. In some databases, records contain a field with an abstract or summary of the item represented by the record. Periodical indexes frequently contain these. The abstract or summary is usually searchable since it is a field, but care must be taken when using keyword searches in databases that have abstracts. This is because abstract/summary a search may retrieve items whose abstracts simply use the search word, even though the item is not really about the search word. (A subject heading search is more precise than a keyword search of an abstract.) At times, however, when you are searching for unique or obscure words or names, a keyword search of an abstract can be very valuable. Subject headings are words and phrases meant to convey the main focus of an item to which they have been attached. The use of subject headings, also called controlled vocabulary, is an attempt to group items that are fundamentally alike. Whereas a keyword subject headings search retrieves items whose records simply contain the same words, subject heading searching ensures the retrieval of items that are totally focused on the same subject. A much more precise way of searching a database than keyword searching, but not all databases use subject headings.
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A database searching technique that allows you to substitute a symbol for an unknown letter or letters in a word in a search statement. In most databases, the truncation symbol, sometimes called a wildcard, is the asterisk or the question mark. For example, truncation in some databases, teach* retrieves records containing teach, teacher, teachers, teacher's, and teaching. Another example is internal truncation, as in wom?n, which in some databases retrieves records containing women and woman. The interface is the method by which a user accesses a database. Usually it is a computer screen with a text box and/or drop down menus. Frequently there is a link to a help screen, which will contain interface/screen hints for successful searching of the database. The main screen of a database often offers a "simple" search and a link to an "advanced" search, where more sophisticated search techniques are available. A periodical index lists magazine, newspaper, and journal articles. Most periodical indexes contain information about the article, but not periodical index the articles themselves. Full-text periodical databases contain the articles themselves, as they originally appeared in the magazines, newspapers, or journals. Databases that are library catalogs have information about books, videos, and other library materials. Library catalogs usually allow library catalogs significant field searching (title, author) and allow precise searching through the use of subject headings. A database containing entire textual and sometimes graphical documents. Searching full-text databases presents problems since the mere occurrence of your search word in a document does not full-text databases guarantee that the document will be valuable to you. An example of a full-text database is the world wide web search engine AltaVista, which allows you to search every word of millions of documents. A database searching technique, common in full-text databases, that allows you to specify how many words can appear between two or more of your search words. In a full-text database, just the proximity appearance of words in a document does not mean the document will be of use to you, but use of the proximity operator can ensure that your search words appear near each other in the text. A text box (also called dialog box or search box) is found on most database screens. Allows you to enter search word or phrases, and text box in some cases, allows you to designate which field the computer is to search and how the computer is to connect the words you enter (Boolean operator.) A feature on some database screens, allowing the user to make choices about how the search is conducted in the database. Dropdrop-down menu down menus are frequently used to designate which field the computer is to search and how to connect the words entered (Boolean operators).
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ISI Web of Knowledge databases: Web of Science, Current Contents Connect, INSPEC Web of Science ISI Citation Databases are multidisciplinary databases of bibliographic information gathered from thousands of scholarly journals. They are indexed so that you can search for specific articles by subject, author, journal, and/or author address. Because the information stored about each article includes the article's cited reference list, you can also search the databases for articles that cite a known author or work. Cited Reference Searching lets you use a given work as if it were a subject term to identify more recent articles on the same topic. For example, you can find all works that reference articles published by A. Williamson in 1995 in the Journal of Neurophysiology (J Neurophysiol). This type of searching often locates relevant articles that cannot be retrieved through traditional subject-author searching.
Click on Full Search.
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There are three citation databases in the Web of Science: • • •
Science Citation Index Social Sciences Citation Index Arts and Humanities Citation Index
1. Select the database(s) you want to search 2. Select the time period you want to search 3. Select the type of search by clicking:
General Search - Searches for articles by subject, author, journal, or author address. Returns a site-configured number of results. Cited Ref Search - Searches for articles that have cited (included in their reference list) a known work. Returns a site-configured number of results.
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Using Saved Query - Accesses directions for how to select and run a query you have previously saved.
How to search:
1.Click General Search from the Full Search page. Enter information in one or more search fields. (The search fields are automatically combined using the Boolean "AND" operator, so using more than one field will narrow your search. 2. Select any of the following options (scroll down to the bottom of the General Search page) Select language and document type limits. Select the sort option. The sort options are: Latest Date (default; newest record first) Times Cited (ranked by the number of times the work was cited in other works) Relevance (ranking system based on frequency of search terms) First Author (first author listed; alphabetical) Source Title (alphabetical order based on the source (e.g., journal) title) 3. Optionally Save Query to save search terms for future use. 4. Click Search to retrieve the records in the database that match the search criteria.
EXERCISE Topic Search: Enter MAD COW DISEASE in the Topic field to search for articles on this topic as a title search. Author Search: Enter FOUCAULT M* in the Author field to search for articles written by this author.
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Source Title Search: Enter JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE in the Source Title field to search for articles from this journal. (or Journal of Materials * or copy titles from the Source List). Address Search: Enter terms from an author’s affiliation as Yale Univ (see abbreviations list).
Click on References Cited to see “back research”. Click on Times Cited to see “future research”.
To print or export information about an article:
1.Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select an article.
2. Submit your selection(s) by clicking Submit Marks. (Note: Remember to submit the selected records before leaving the currently displayed page of results.)
3. Click Marked List to display the Marked Records page. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.)
4. Follow the instructions on the View Marked Records page to print or export to EndNote one or more records.
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Cited Reference Search: Cited reference searching enables you to find articles from journals that have cited a book, a patent or another article. To perform a cited reference search on the database(s) you selected:
1. Click Cited Ref Search from the Full Search page. The Cited Reference Lookup page is displayed.
2. Enter values in the search fields.
3. Click Lookup to display the Cited Reference Selection page, which lists the references that match your search criteria.
4. On the Cited Reference Selection page, select references of interest by clicking the checkboxes or Select All (which selects all the references on the current page).
5. Click Search to retrieve the articles that cite the selected references.
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EXERCISE To search for articles that have cited the book Grammatology by Jacques Derrida: 1. Enter DERRIDA J* in the Cited Author field. 2.Enter GRAMMA* in the Cited Work field. By truncating the book's title, you can find references that contain different spellings of the book's title. 3. Click Lookup. The Cited Reference Selection page, which lists the references found by the lookup, is displayed. 4. Click Select Page to select all the references with J Derrida as the cited author and Grammatology (or its variants) as the cited work. 5. Click Next Ten. Click Select Page again. Repeat this until you come to the end of the list. 6. Click Search. 7. The Cited Reference Search Results -- Summary page is displayed.
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Asterisk (*)
The asterisk (*) represents zero to multiple characters.
Enter biolog* to search for words biology, biologist, biologists, and biological).
When doing author searches, place the asterisk after the author's first initial.
Enter Kellog S* to search for works by authors whose last name is Kellog whose first name starts with an S.
Use the asterisk in the Source Title or Cited Work fields when you do not know an exact journal title.
Enter IEEE Transaction* to search for journals whose titles begin with IEEE Transaction.
Use the asterisk in the middle of terms to search for terms that have alternate spellings.
Enter sul*ur to search for sulfur or sulphur.
Question Mark (?) and Dollar Sign ($)
The question mark stands for one character. The dollar sign stands for one character or no characters.
Enter Barthold? to search for Bartholdi or Bartholdy.
The dollar sign is useful for finding both the British and American spellings of the same word.
Enter vapo$r to find vapor and vapour.
Enter Barthold$ to search for Barthold, Bartholdi, or Bartholdy.
NOTE: In the ISI Web of Knowledge databases, you can perform Cross Search Form or Cross Search Concept searches which searches simultaneously all the databases your institution subscribes.
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EXERCISE Choose the CrossSearch – Form and search on your thesis topic.
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Current Contents Connect ISI Current Contents Connect is a multidisciplinary current awareness Web resource, providing access to complete bibliographic information of over 8,000 of the world's leading scholarly journals and more than 2,000 books.
Click START.
Click on Search.
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EXERCISE: We are going to find information on the following: Articles written in the Astrophysical Journal containing “black holes” in their title.
1. Identify the key concepts Black Holes Astrophysical Journal
2. Think about synonyms, acronyms, plurals, and variant spellings Which alternative terms are associated with Black Holes? Which terms could you truncate? Hole$ NOTE: The truncation symbol in Current Contents Connect is $.
3. Which limits can you apply? Title = Black Holes Journal Title = Astrophysical Journal
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Type black hole$ in the search box and select the search field: Title (TI). Click on Search. The search results will now be displayed underneath the search box.
4. Select the Journal Title (TJ) search field and type Astrophysical Journal. Click Search.
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5. Now combine the first two searches by choosing the Set Combination search field and typing 1 AND 2 in the search box. Click Search.
6. Click on the results number to view the articles.
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7. Mark the articles you want and click on UPDATE LIST.
8. Click on MY LIST.
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You can • • •
Print Save Export to EndNote
your marked articles.
When you export to EndNote, make sure you include the abstract field as well.
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INSPEC An abstract database that covers Physics, Electronics and Computer Science. 1969+
Click on Search. Click on General Search.
Search Tips: Use the asterisk and question mark
optics matches optics. optic* matches optic, optics, and optical. organi?ation matches organisation and organization.
British spelling is used for Controlled Index (thesaurus) terms. However, in Title and Abstract American spelling may be used.
fibres [thesaurus term] fibre* OR fiber*
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Consult the INSPEC Thesaurus to find the correct spelling of Controlled Index terms.
quasiparticles [thesaurus term]
Separate two or more terms by the search operators AND, OR, SAME and NOT.
Enter television AND radio to find records containing both television and radio.
quasiparticle* OR quasi-particle*
Enter television OR radio to find records containing either television or radio (or both television and radio). Enter crystal* SAME layer* to find records containing crystal layer, layered crystals, layers of crystals Enter fission NOT reactor* to find records containing the word fission but not the word reactor (or reactors). Enter phrases without quotation marks.
vapour deposition matches vapour deposition but not deposition of vapour.
Use the operator SAME to find words in any order in the same sentence.
vapour SAME deposition matches vapour deposition, vapour phase deposition, deposition from the vapour phase, and so on.
Place quotation (") marks around a word that is also a search operator if you are searching for a full article title.
Large-scale Lateral Heat "AND" Fluid Transport in the Seafloor
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To perform a search: 1. Enter terms in one or more of the following fields. Topic Author Source Title Address Controlled Index Classification Numerical Data Chemical Astronomical Object Meeting Information Identifying Codes 2. Scroll down to the bottom of the page to select search limits. 3. Click Search.
EXERCISE Enter neutrino* in the Topic field and Journal of Mathematical Physics in the Source Title field.
Set Search Limits On both the General Search and Advanced Search pages, three list boxes allow you to limit the retrieval of records by language, document type, and/or treatment. You may select multiple items from each list. To select more than one item, hold down the Ctrl key (Windows®) or the Command key (Macintosh®) as you click each item. Limits stay in effect unless you change them, click Clear, or click Log Off. Limits do not apply unless you have entered data in at least one search field.
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IEEE Xplore IEEE Xplore provides full-text access to Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers transactions, journals, magazines and conference proceedings published since 1988 and all current IEEE Standards.
Tables of Contents: After specifying a collection – Journals & Magazines, Conference Proceedings, or Standards -- you can browse a title of interest by using either the browse letters or the Quick Find feature.
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EXERCISE Locating Journals Find the journals on “wireless communications”.
1. Click Journals & Magazines under Table of Contents on the navigation menu.
2.
Browse the list of journals by: Using the Quick Find a Journal feature, and typing wireless communications OR Clicking on the W in the letters located beneath the Quick Find feature
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Locating Conference Proceedings The Conference Proceedings page allows you to browse through all of the conference proceedings in the database.
EXERCISE Find the conference for: adhesive joining
Locating Standards The Standards page allows you to browse through all of the IEEE standards in the database.
EXERCISE Find the standard for: floating gate semiconductor arrays
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Search: IEEE Xplore™ allows to you perform searches three ways: By Author is similar to the Quick Find feature used by the browse functions. It allows you to enter a complete or partial name and searches the author field in each citation record for your entry. Basic guides you through the process of creating a search query. You can enter a single keyword, or create a more advanced query by selecting field codes and search operators from pull-down menus. Advanced allows you to enter a free-form search query. You can enter a single keyword, a phrase, or a complete search query using search syntax.
Performing an Author Search Author Search lets you search for a specific name in the author field of citation records. You can also browse the author list. Click By Author under Search on the navigation menu to access this page. There are two ways to find articles written by a particular author: Search for an Author Browse the Author List
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To search for an author:
EITHER 1.
Enter a name in the search box and click Go.
Note: Use one of the following formats to enter the name. For example, if you wanted to search for Nigel Young: · Young ·
Young N.
Note: If you enter a partial name,. IEEE Xplore® returns a list of last names starting with the letters you entered. OR
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Browse the author list: 1. Click on the letter Y in the browse letters located beneath the Quick Find an Author feature. IEEE Xplore® returns a list of the first 50 authors whose last name starts with that letter.
Basic Search: Click on Basic. EXERCISE We are searching for “fuzzy logic” or “fuzzy set theory” in the Title fields, and only in Journals.
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Type – fuzzy logic in the first search box. Select Title field. Choose OR Boolean logic. Type – fuzzy set theory in the second text box. Limit your search results by adjusting the search options. You can: Select publication types – in this case: IEEE Journals and IEE Journals Select years to search Organize search results by Click the Search button.
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On the Search Results page, you can: · Revise your search strategy to generate broader or narrower results by using the Refine This Search option and by checking the box to search within the result set
· Print the search results by clicking Print Format button. · Scroll through the search results pages using the page numbers at bottom of screen. · View the abstract record for a document by clicking Abstract. · View the full text of a document by clicking PDF FULL-TEXT.
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EndNote instructions: 1. After doing a search, go to the abstract (not PDF). 2. Click on "download citation". 3. Choose whether you want citation or citation plus abstract and file format ISI ResearchSoft. (It is recommended that you choose citation plus abstract) 4. Endnote will open asking you which library to save in.
Performing an Advanced Search The Advanced Search page lets you construct your own free-form search query. Click Advanced under Search on the navigation menu to access this page. 1. Click in the text box and construct a query using one or more keywords, names, dates or phrases, connected by search operators. Note: And operators are implicit for phrases. For example, IEEE Xplore® interprets acoustic imaging as acoustic and imaging.
Note: The results include plural and suffixed forms of any keywords entered. For example, entering acoustic returns words like acoustics and acoustical. You can also enter partial keywords if needed. 2. Limit your search by using field codes and search operators, if desired. 3.
Limit your search results by adjusting the Search Options. You can:
·
Select publication types
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Select years to search
·
Organise search results by
4.
Click the Start Search button.
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Viewing Search Results The top of the Search Results page provides a search results summary. For example:
Printing Search Results 1.
Click
to change the display to a printer-friendly format.
2.
Click the Print button on your browser’s toolbar.
Email Alerts Sign up to receive regular e-mail notification of recently posted IEEE and IEE journals and magazines. Each e-mail contains a direct link to the issue’s latest table of contents in IEEE Xplore. To set up a new e-mail alert account, enter your name and e-mail address and click Submit. If you have an existing e-mail alert account and would like to modify your selection of titles, change your e-mail address, or unsubscribe, enter your e-mail address below and click Submit. Name:
Email address:
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Emerald Full Text •
42,000 searchable articles from over 100 Emerald journals
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Subjects covered include management, HRM, Marketing, Librarianship, Mechanical engineering, electronic and electrical engineering, and operations research.
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Online archive back to 1989
Expanded Academic provides a combination of indexing, abstracts, images, and full text for scholarly and general interest journals embracing all academic disciplines.
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ProQuest 5000 Contains multidisciplinary databases.
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ABI/INFORM Global Coverage: 1971 - current Academic Research Library Coverage: 1971 - present Accounting & Tax Coverage: varies | Banking Information Source Coverage: 1971Career and Technical Education Coverage: 1991 - present ERIC® Coverage: varies Pharmaceutical News Index Coverage: varies ProQuest Arts Coverage: varies ProQuest Asian Business Coverage: 1971 - present ProQuest Children's Interest Coverage: varies ProQuest Computing Coverage: 1998 - current ProQuest Education Journals Coverage: 1988 - present ProQuest European Business Coverage: 1971 - present ProQuest Humanities Coverage: varies ProQuest Legal Coverage: varies ProQuest Medical Library Coverage: varies ProQuest Military Coverage: varies ProQuest Religion Coverage: 1986 - present ProQuest Research Library Coverage: varies ProQuest Science Journals Coverage: 1994 - current ProQuest Social Science Journals Coverage: varies ProQuest Telecommunications Coverage: 1995 - current ProQuest Women's Interest Coverage: varies U.S. National Newspaper Abstracts (3) Coverage: Varies
Search Tips •
Use "quotation marks" to search for exact phrases.
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2 word queries (such as network security) are searched as an exact phrase by default.
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3 word queries (such as fuzzy logic theory) are searched as words that need to appear in proximity to each other by default.
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Truncation and Wildcard Characters ?, *
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Combine terms with Boolean Operators.
AND
AND searches for the terms in the same paragraph (250 words). • environment AND cancer
OR
Either search words can appear in the article. • Gold OR Silver AND NOT finds articles containing the term before AND NOT, but not the terms after AND NOT • cancer AND NOT lung
AND NOT
W/#
PRE/#
Searches for terms within the specified number of words from each other. • airport W/20 security • export W/50 Japan* The first search word must precede the second by # words to match. • biometric PRE/20 network security
Use Date Limits If you know when an event occurred, or want information from a specific period, enter a date range to find articles published during that time period. Other Limits For example, enter a Publication Title to limit your search to articles appearing in a specific publication. Some databases let you click Browse publications to select a publication from an index of those available.
Sort results by You can sort your results by a variety of options. The default is most recent first, but other options may include most relevant.
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Advanced Search The Advanced Search screen lets you create powerful searches. (Note that the options and fields that are available depend on the database(s) you are currently searching.) Limit Where to Search Advanced Search lets you focus your search by selecting a specific field, such as Subject, Company, or Product name, to search. ProQuest then searches for your term within that index field. Other fields include: Citation and abstract or Citation and article text Searching in Citation and abstract is more likely to find articles whose main focus meets your search terms because your term must appear within the citation, the abstract or the indexing, making it more likely that your term is an integral concept of the article. Searching in Citation and article text will find more articles, because it will find articles that mention your search terms anywhere within the article.
Adding More Power You can focus your search by using the other options available on the Advanced Search page (some only visible after you click More Search Options)
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The Results Page Mark Articles To keep a record of the articles that you found useful, click in the box next to the article's title and number. ProQuest adds that article to your Marked List. Use the Mark / Clear all on page links to mark all the articles, or clear all marked articles on the current page.
View Marked List Click the View marked articles link to view your Marked List.
Filter Your Results The tabs on the Results page let you view subsets of the articles found. (The filtering tabs available depend on the database(s) you are working with.) These filtering tabs may include: • All sources View all articles found. • Scholarly Journals View only articles found in scholarly journals (including peerreviewed journals). • Magazines View only articles found in magazines. • Trade Publications View only articles found in trade publications. • Newspapers View only articles found in newspapers. • Reference / Reports View only articles found in reference materials. Below the tabs, the Full text articles only options let you filter your results to display only the articles available in full text format.
Change the Number of Results Displayed on the Page At the bottom of the page you see the Results per page drop-down menu. Use this menu to adjust the number of articles displayed on each page. E
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Exporting and Printing Marked Items The Marked List lets you save articles you find useful. The Articles and Bibliography tab lets you print or save a formatted bibliography and email or export several articles at once. The My Research Summary tab lets you save your links as hypertext links you can use in web pages. Print Your Bibliography From the Marked List page you can print your bibliography in a variety of formats. 1. Click the Print your bibliography link. You see the Print Bibliography page. Make the appropriate selections on this form, including the desired format and the desired citation style. 2.Click Print. Export to EndNote 1. Delete any unwanted articles from your Marked List. 2. Click the Export citations into EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks or Reference Manager link. 3. You see the Export Citations page. Click on the format you want to export.
EXERCISE Use the example (biometr? OR fingerprint scan? OR retinal scan? OR iris scan? OR voice scan?) AND (authenticat? OR secur?) AND (computer? OR network?) OR Your own thesis topic. Limit results to Full Text Articles and scroll down.
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ScienceDirect/Compendex ScienceDirect offers access to: More than 1500 scientific, technical & medical peer-reviewed journals Over 40 million abstracts - free to all users Over two million full-text scientific journal articles An expanding suite of Bibliographic databases (Medline, Geobase, and Compendex) Another one million full-text articles via CrossRef to other publishers' platforms
To search the collection for a topic, click on Search. To browse the list of all the available journals, click on Journals. To review a list of previously saved search alerts or access a list of journals selected for journal issue alerts, click on Alerts. To go to your profile information page, click on My Profile. To access My Alerts and My Profile you need to set up an account. This is free.
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Bookmarking You can "bookmark" nearly all pages in your Web browser, and return to them directly for later reference. For example: If you are interested in a particular journal, bookmark its list of issues page. If you are interested in a particular article, bookmark its Abstract, SummaryPlus, or Full Text + Links page.
Journals
Searching for a Journal Title From the green search box on the right side of the page, you can search for a journal title(s) which contains a specific term or terms. 1. Enter a word or words in the search box. For example, search for Sedimentary Geology.
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2. Click the go button. EXERCISE Try this title: "chemical engineering".
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To change the type of list displayed, •
From the drop-down list, select the type of list you want to browse (e.g., "All Journals and Book Series", "Favorite Journals and Book Series", or a specific subject category.) •
When you click on Favorite Journals and Book Series, if you have not created a Favorite Journals List, a link to Set up your favorites appears.
To change the sorting selection, •
From the Sorted By drop-down list, select a sorting option to organize the journal list you wish to browse. •
Title • Journals are displayed in alphabetical order. • Title is the default selection for Sorted By.
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Subject • Journals are organized according to their subject classification. • To display the journal titles which are within a specific subject classification, click on the subject classification.
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Publisher • Journals are organized by their publisher. • To display the list of the journal titles, click on the publisher name.
Register/Login Bar Many of the features/functions available in ScienceDirect are based on the user's personal preferences and, therefore, require a one-time registration and a persession login. The Register or Login box appears at the top of the page. •
You may click the Register link to access the registration area or enter your User Name and Password in the fields provided at any time during your ScienceDirect session.
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If you have not completed the login prior to accessing an area of ScienceDirect which requires personal authentication, you will be prompted for your user name and password before that area is retrieved.
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Search To access the basic search form, click the Search navigation button at the top of the page. •
At the first Term(s) field, enter the search terms which must appear in an article.
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From the within drop-down menu, select the field(s) in which the search terms must appear.
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If you want to search additional fields and additional terms: • Select a connector from the And drop-down menu. • In the second Term(s) field, enter the additional search terms which must appear in the article. • From the second within drop-down menu, select the field(s) in which the search terms must appear.
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At Sources, click the check-box for the type of sources you wish to search. (You may select one or both of the source types available.) • Journals • Abstract Databases • Books • Reference Works
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At the Subject list box, you can restrict your search by selecting the subject categories you want to search. (The default setting is "All Sciences".)
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At the Dates list box, choose the years to want to search
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EXERCISE We will search on Electronic Commerce. 1. Type in Electronic Commerce in the first text box and search in Title field. 2. Choose OR in the Boolean logic. 3. Type in Ecommerce in the second text box and search in Title field. 4. The default search is in Journals, Abstract Databases, Books, and Reference Works, and All Sciences. 5. Click Search.
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Reviewing Search Results You can view the Summary Plus, Full text, and PDF versions of the articles.
Sorting the Search Results The search results are listed in the order of the article date (by default). To arrange the document list according to relevance (based on the greatest frequency of the search terms within your chosen search fields), click the sort by relevance tab which appears above the article list at right.
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Edit Search To edit your search request, click on the Edit Search link which appears near the top left of the page to return to the search form. If you have retrieved too many results, narrow your search. For example, you can limit the Date to 2003 to present, and search only in the Title field.
Save Search A search request which has been successful in retrieving documents can be stored for reuse. This search can be "recalled" and run again to retrieve documents which have been added since the first search request or to retrieve all related documents at another time. •
If you like the results of this search and want to save the search, click the Save Search link at the top left of the Search Results page.
Exporting Citations To export a copy of specific abstracts and/or article citations to your citation management program, such as EndNote, 1. Click the check-box to the left of the article citations you want to export. 2. Click the Export Citations link which appears in the green bar above the document list. 3. EndNote will open.
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Compendex® - The world's most comprehensive engineering database Ei Compendex holds over three million summaries from more than 2,600 international journals, conference papers and technical reports, dating from 1970 forward. mechanical, civil, environmental, electrical, structural, process, materials science, solid state physics and superconductivity, bioengineering, energy, chemical, optics, air and water pollution, solid waste management, hazardous waste, road transportation, and transportation safety. Besides applied engineering, coverage also extends to manufacturing, quality control, and engineering management issues. You can specify to search in Compendex database only.
EXERCISE Let’s search for article titles that contain terms “vocal tract”.
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After you set up My Profile: How to create a Search Alert:
Define and run a Search. Click on Save Search Alert.
How to create Citation Alerts
Find the article of interest by running a search or browsing a journal issue or book series volume. While viewing the article, click the Save as Citation Alert link.
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SciFinder Scholar (chemistry, physics)
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Search Tips With Scholar you can • • • • •
search by research topic search by author search for substances by structure search for substances by name search for substance by molecular formula
Search by Topic 1: What you are searching You are searching words in the Title, Abstract, and Indexing. So think how scientists may have presented the topic (in the titles and abstracts of their articles) or how the CAS analyst may have indexed the article. 2: Singulars, plurals and abbreviations. Scholar handles this for you. 3: Adding your own synonyms If you wish to add your own synonyms, then enter the synonyms in brackets (up to five synonyms allowed, separated by commas). For example, you may wish to search for “carbohydrates” in which case you may wish to enter: “I am interested in: carbohydrates (saccharides, sugars, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides)” as food additives However in many instances Scholar puts synonyms in for you.
Click OK.
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SciFinder displays the references. To view, select a box and click Get References.
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click on the microscope to view the full record. click on the computer to get the full text.
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Search by Author Enter your search: last name, then first name or initial, then second name or initial.
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Select the entries you are interested in by checking the boxes. Click Get References. To limit your results set, click on Analyze or Refine References, then Refine.
Search by Substance or CAS Registry Number Select Substance or Reaction option.
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Printing or Saving your results Click on the Print or Save As icons at top.
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SciFinder Scholar and EndNote http://www.cas.org/Support/scifinder2004/bibapps/download.html Listed below are filters for EndNote 4, 5, and 6 that import data from SciFinder 2004 and SciFinder Scholar 2004. There are versions for both Windows and Macintosh. To use these filters in EndNote you must save your SciFinder references in the Tagged Format. Download the filter for Windows or Macintosh: •
Windows: Download SciFinder2003ENF.exe. After downloading, doubleclick the file to extract its contents to C:\Program Files\EndNote\Filters. A file called SciFinder2003.enf will be created.
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Macintosh: Download SciFinder-2003-ENF.hqx. After downloading and extracting, a file called SciFinder 2003 ENF will be created.
Journal Collections Kluwer Online http://www.kluweronline.com/
SpringerLink http://springerlink.metapress.com/
Wiley Interscience http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/
Ingenta Select http://www.catchword.com Ingenta's collection of academic and professional online publications search 469,112 articles from 5,490 full-text online publications
Ingenta Journals http://www.ingenta.com The most comprehensive collection of academic and professional publications available for online, fax and Ariel delivery. search 16,534,095 articles from 28,571 publications
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Search Engines Scirus (Science search engine) http://www.scirus.com In addition to Web pages, Scirus indexes the following journal sources: • • • • • • • • •
12.7 million MEDLINE citations 4.5 million ScienceDirect full-text articles 1.2 million patents from the USPTO 261,000 e-prints on ArXiv.org 3,653 BioMed Central full-text articles 10,600 NASA technical reports 1,800 e-prints on e-prints on CogPrints 1237 preprints from the Mathematics Preprint Server 452 preprints from the Computer Science Preprint Server
Google http://www.google.com TIPS: Enclose phrases in quotation marks Do a field searching, e.g. allintitle:jsf Use the Advanced Search facility
site:mil
Mooter (Australian search engine) http://www.mooter.com.au
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Other Sources Theses ADT (Australian Digital Theses) database publishes digital versions of theses produced in participating universities in Australia. http://adt.caul.edu.au/
Search tips: 1. Check the dropdown menus are set to search All Institutions and All Fields 2. Type in your keyword 3. To truncate a keyword type in just the stem of the word. eg. nurs Points to note: •
Records include publication details, abstract and access to fulltext where available
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Not all Australian universities are listing their theses on ADT.
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ProQuest Digital Dissertations
Search tips: 1. At the Digital Dissertations screen select Search 2. Type in your keyword and change the dropdown menu to Keyword 3. To truncate a keywords use the ? symbol. eg. nurs?
Key points to note: •
Records include publication details from 1861+, with abstracts from 1980+
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Full text included for many of the overseas theses from 1997+
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Theses Canada http://www.collectionscanada.ca/thesescanada/
Index to Theses http://www.theses.com
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Standards and Patents Australian Standards http://www.standards.com.au
The American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) http://www.astm.org/
British Standards http://www.bsi.org.uk/
European Committee for Standardization http://www.cenorm.be/cenorm/index.htm
IEEE Standards Association http://standards.ieee.org/
ISO: International Organisation for Standardisation http://www.iso.ch
Society of Automotive Engineers http://www.sae.org
DODSSP The Department of Defense Single Stock Point for Military Specifications, Standards and Related Publications http://dodssp.daps.mil/ World Standards Services Network www.wssn.net/WSSN/index.html IP Australia Patents www.ipaustralia.gov.au/patents/search_index.shtml Canadian Patents Database http://patents1.ic.gc.ca/intro-e.html European Patent Office www.european-patent-office.org/ Japan Patent Office www.jpo.go.jp/ UK Patent Office www.patent.gov.uk/ United States Patent and Trademark Office www.uspto.gov/patft/
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Yearbooks and Handbooks ENGnetBASE www.engnetbase.com/ Provides access to Engineering Handbooks from CRC Press. Trial to CRCnetBASE databases until 11 July 2004.
Web Resources EEVL (Edinburgh Engineering Virtual Library) The Internet Guide to Engineering, Mathematics and Computing http://www.eevl.ac.uk/ AVEL (Australian Virtual Engineering Library) http://www.avel.com.au Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) http://www.osti.gov/ Provides access to a wealth of energy, science, and technology research and development (R&D) information
PrePrints and E-prints CERN Document Server http://cdsweb.cern.ch/
Networked Computer Science Technical Reference Library www.ncstrl.org/
E-print Network www.osti.gov/eprints/
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Preprints and Eprints (Los Alamos National Laboratory) http://lib-www.lanl.gov/libinfo/preprints.htm arXiv.org, often referred to by its former name xxx.lanl.gov. Started at Los Alamos in 1991, originally for the high energy physics community, and considered the "grandfather" of electronic preprint servers, now operated at Cornell. Over 270,000 papers. Mirror sites are available at http://lanl.arxiv.org/, http://aps.arxiv.org/, and elsewhere. CoRR – Computing Research Repository (http://xxx.lanl.gov/archive/cs/intro.html or http://www.acm.org/repository/) - established in 1988 through a partnership of ACM, the LANL e-Print archive, and NCSTRL. Anyone can browse and search papers and subscribe to get notification of new submissions. Front for the mathematics arXiv - indexes the mathematics portion of the Los Alamos e-Print arXiv. Developed at UC Davis. 30,000+ papers as of April 2004. http://front.math.ucdavis.edu/
NCSTRL - Networked Computer Science Technical Reference Library http://www.ncstrl.org/
E-PRINT Network - searchable gateway to e-print servers that deal with scientific and technical disciplines of concern to DOE http://www.osti.gov/eprints/
SPIRES – HEP Database - joint project of Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and DESY libraries etc. Covers more than 500,000 high-energy physics papers received since 1974. http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/hep/
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Keeping up to date with Research: Email Alerts Many databases and journal publishers provide a service designed to keep you up to date with current literature published in your field. The service requires you to register your search profile (free). Whenever an article is published that matches your profile, an alert notification e-mail is sent to you. When choosing where to register your profile, remember a database generally covers a wide range of journals from many different publishers, and a publisher's web site may only cover journals produced by one publisher.
Setting up alerts In databases Emerald HighWire Press IEEE Xplore
Perform a search. Select Save Search as e-mail alert Select My email alerts Select Email Alerts
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
Perform a search Select Save Search/Alert Save Search as Alert from the results screen
ScienceDirect
Login using your personal username and password. Perform a search Select Save as Search Alert
Wiley Interscience
Perform a search Select Set Email Alert (Journal title) or Save Search then Activate Search from the Results screen
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Setting up Alerts On a publisher's web site •
American Chemical Society http://pubs.acs.org/journals/asap/
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American Mathematical Society http://www.ams.org/jemail/
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CCH Online http://www.cch.com.au/about_benefits.asp
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Cambridge Journals Online http://journals.cambridge.org/
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CSIRO http://www.publish.csiro.au/
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Oxford University Press Journals http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/tocmail/
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SpringerLink http://www.springerlink.com/
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Taylor & Francis http://www.tandf.co.uk/sara/
Setting up Alerts in Journal Collections Emerald Journals http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals/ Oxford Journals http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/tocmail/ SARA (Scholarly Articles Research Alerting) http://www.wkap.nl/alert_journals.htm Synergy http://www.blackwell-synergy.com Springer LINK Alert http://link.springer.de/alert/ Wiley http://www.wiley-vch.de/journals/ Ingenta http://www.ingenta.com After you register, click on Manage My Ingenta:
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Locating Your References •
Check the Library Catalogue
•
Full Text Electronic Journals list in your library’s web site
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Check other ACT libraries’ catalogues
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Inter-library Loans
Citing Your References Harvard citation style: Author/Date Within Text The wind velocity is a function of altitude (Johnson, 1985). Miller (1978) showed that glucose is metabolized to succinate. This runoff has introduced heavy metals (Louma, 1974), pesticides (Schultz, 1971), and sediments (Dayton, 1990). The considerations are developed by a single slit (Zecca and Cavalleri, 1997). The solar x-ray flux varies by one order of magnitude (Peres et al., 1999) To develop an understanding Wu (1993, 1994), who separated the cell…. Previous analysis of the gene in mice (King et al., 1997a,b) is successful.
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In Bibliography Books Ulaby, Fawwaz T 2004, Fundamentals of applied electromagnetics, Pearson , Upper Saddle River, NJ. Chapters from books Smith, J 1971, ‘In the beginning’, in: L J K Setright, I Hume (eds), The power to fly : the development of the piston engine in aviation, Allen and Unwin, London. Journal articles Sawer, M, 1990 'Cockpit safety’, Human Factors, vol. 30, no. 4, pp.335-9 WWW Documents Pilot exams, licences & training http://www.casa.gov.au/avreg/fcl_lic/index.htm [write here the date you accessed the information]
Managing Your References EndNote EndNote is: •
a reference and image database - it stores, organises, and manages references
•
a bibliography and manuscript maker - it formats citations and figures in Microsoft Word with the Cite While You Write function
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an online search tool - it retrieves references directly into EndNote
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able to automatically create and format bibliographies in the citation style according to your school's or publishers' requirements
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Evaluation of information Ask the following questions to evaluate sources of information found on the Internet: Who is the author? Is it an author with academic qualifications, a journalist, or a nonspecialist? What organisation published the information? Is it from an academic institution published for the academic community? or from a government body? or
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has it been produced by an industry or commercial organisation? or is it a personal document reflecting only an individual's opinion? When was the material published? When was the file last updated? Why was the material published? Does it report on new research? Does it review existing research?
Who is the intended audience? Does it contain advertising? Is it trying to persuade you to adopt a particular viewpoint? Can you see any bias evident?
Wrap Up and Summary
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