Effect of Nickel Addition on Microstructure and

0DWHULDOV6FLHQFH)RUXP9RO SS 2QOLQHDYDLODEOHVLQFH-XQDWZZZVFLHQWLILFQHW ‹ 7UDQV7HFK3XEOLFDWLRQV6ZLW]HUODQG GRLZZZVFLHQWLILFQHW06)

(IIHFWRI1LFNHO$GGLWLRQRQ0LFURVWUXFWXUHDQG0HFKDQLFDO3URSHUWLHV RI$OXPLQXP%DVHG$OOR\V  D )+HUQiQGH]0pQGH] $$OWDPLUDQR7RUUHVE-RVp0LUDQGD+HUQiQGH]F (7pUUHV5RMDVGDQG(5RFKD5DQJHOH  

'HSDUWDPHQWRGH0DWHULDOHV8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPD0HWURSROLWDQD $Y6DQ3DEOR1R&RO5H\QRVD7DPDXOLSDV0p[LFR')  /DERUDWRULRGH0LFURVFRStD(OHFWUyQLFDGH8OWUD$OWD5HVROXFLyQ,03 (MH&HQWUDO/D]DUR&iUGHQDV6DQ%DUWROR$WHSHKXDFDQ0p[LFR')  'HSDUWDPHQWRGH0HFDWUyQLFD8QLYHUVLGDG3ROLWpFQLFDGH9LFWRULD $YH1XHYDV7HFQRORJtDV3DUTXH&LHQWtILFR\7HFQROyJLFRGH7DPDXOLSDV&DUUHWHUD 9LFWRULD6RWROD0DULQD.P&G9LFWRULD7DPDXOLSDV0p[LFR  E F G H DDW#FRUUHRD]FXDPP[ MJPK#FRUUHRD]FXDPP[ HWHUUHV#LPSP[ QUTURFKD#JPDLOFRP

.H\ZRUGV0HFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVQLFNHODOXPLQXPDOOR\VPLFURVWUXFWXUH

$EVWUDFW ,Q WKLV ZRUN D FRPSDUDWLYH VWXG\ EHWZHHQ PLFURVWUXFWXUH DQG PHFKDQLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI DOXPLQXPQLFNHODOOR\VZLWKGLIIHUHQWFRQWHQWVRIQLFNHOZDVFDUULHGRXW$OOR\VZHUHSURGXFHGE\ SRZGHUV PHWDOOXUJ\ &KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ UHVXOWV LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH PLFURVWUXFWXUH RI WKH DOXPLQXP QLFNHO DOOR\V SUHVHQW D WKLQ DQG KRPRJHQHRXV GLVWULEXWLRQ RI DQ LQWHUPHWDOOLF FRPSRXQG LQ WKH DOXPLQXP¶V PDWUL[ LGHQWLILHG DV $O1L )XUWKHUPRUH LW ZDV ILQG RXW WKDW WKH DPRXQW RI LQWHUPHWDOOLF $O1L LQFUHDVH DV WKH QLFNHO FRQWHQW LQ WKH DOOR\ ULVHV 5HJDUGLQJ WKH PHFKDQLFDO SURSHUWLHVHYDOXDWHGLWZDVHVWDEOLVKHVWKDWWKHKDUGQHVVFRPSUHVVLRQDQGIOH[LRQUHVLVWDQFHVDOVR ZHUHLPSURYHGGXHWRWKHSUHVHQFHRIWKHLQWHUPHWDOOLFFRPSRXQG ,QWURGXFWLRQ $OXPLQXP DQG LWV DOOR\V KDYH D ZLGH YDULHW\ RI LQGXVWULDO DSSOLFDWLRQV GXH WR LWV ORZ ZHLJKW DQG KLJKUHVLVWDQFHWRWKHFRUURVLRQ,QJHQHUDOLQVLGHWKHPHWDOVIDPLO\LWVXVHVDUHRQO\RYHUFRPHE\ VWHHO'XHWRLWVORZPHFKDQLFDOUHVLVWDQFHWKHXVHRIDOXPLQXPKDVEHHQOLPLWHG5HFHQWO\VSHFLILF LQGXVWULDO SURFHVVHV KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG DQG DV D UHVXOW DQ LPSURYHPHQW LQ WKH DOXPLQXP PHFKDQLFDOUHVLVWDQFHLVLQGHPDQGPRWLYDWLQJWKHVWXG\RIQHZDOXPLQXPEDVHGDOOR\V0RUHRYHU WKH DGGLWLRQ RI ILQH SDUWLFOHV RI WKH VR FDOOHG LQWHUPHWDOOLF PDWHULDOV $O)H $O7L $O=U $O1L HWF LQWRWKHPDWUL[FDQEHXVHWRUHLQIRUFHWKHPHFKDQLFDOUHVLVWDQFHRIWKHDOOR\,WLVDOVRNQRZ WKDWDGHFUHDVHLQWKHSDUWLFOHVL]H—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

    !"#$"#$"#%"%&'"()*(""''!)'!))+

0DWHULDOV6FLHQFH)RUXP9RO



ZLWK KLJK SRWHQWLDO RI GHYHORSPHQW DQG DSSOLFDWLRQV ZKLFK RIIHUV EHVLGHV QXPHURXV DGYDQWDJHV RYHU WKHFRQYHQWLRQDODOXPLQXPµVDOOR\V>@7KHDLPRIWKLVZRUNLVWRIDEULFDWH$O1LDOOR\V ZLWK GLIIHUHQW QLFNHO FRQWHQWV E\ SRZGHU PHWDOOXUJ\ DQG WR HYDOXDWH WKH HIIHFW RI WKH QLFNHO FRQFHQWUDWLRQRQWKHPLFURVWUXFWXUHDQGPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIWKHUHVXOWLQJDOOR\V 

([SHULPHQWDO 5DZPDWHULDOVIRUWKHVWXG\ZHUHDWRPL]HGDOXPLQXPZLWKSDUWLFOHVL]HRI—PDQGSXULW\RI $OGULFK86$ 7KHQLFNHOSRZGHUSUHVHQWVILODPHQWVVKDSHZLWKSDUWLFOHVL]HRI—PDQGSXULW\ RI   $OGULFK 86$  7KH DPRXQW RI PHWDOOLF XVHG SRZGHUV ZDV WKDW RQH WKDW LV VXFK WKDW DOORZVREWDLQLQJDOXPLQXPDOOR\VZLWKDQGZW1L7KHVHFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQV FRUUHVSRQGLQDJUHHPHQWZLWKWKH$O1LSKDVHGLDJUDPWRWZRKLSRHXWKHFWLFWKHHXWKHFWLFDQGWZR KLSHUHXWKHFWLFFRPSRVLWLRQVUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHSRZGHUVZHUHSXWLQDEDOOPLOOZLWK