Effective Safety Property Checking Using Simulation ... - CiteSeerX

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BINGO and CHAFF. Categories and Subject Descriptors. B.7.2 [INTEGRATED CIRCUITS]: Design Aids, Verifi- cation, Simulation ; B.8.1 [PERFORMANCE AND ...
Effective Safety Property Checking Using Simulation-Based Sequential ATPG Shuo Sheng

Koichiro Takayama

Michael S. Hsiao

Department of ECE Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ, 08854

Fujitsu Labs. of America Inc. 595 Lawrence Expressway Sunnyvale, CA, 94086

Bradley Department of ECE Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, VA, 24061

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

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