Fuzzy Predictive Control of a Variable Speed Wind ... - CyberLeninka

0 downloads 0 Views 315KB Size Report
0. And. [. ]T. V β α = , s θ is torsion angle, Ωr is angular velocity of rotor, Ωg is angular ... zero-torque speed , Ωz. As, the generator usually operates in the linear region of ..... is maintained around the nominal speed. 25 .2. = Ω. = Ω. N r rad/s, and.
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 42 (2013) 357 – 366

7KH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ*UHHQ(QHUJ\)RUXP0*()

)X]]\3UHGLFWLYH&RQWURORID9DULDEOH6SHHG:LQG7XUELQH 6RILDQH%RXRXGHQD 6DOLP)LODOLE0RKDPPHG&KDGOLF D

)DFXOWpGHVVFLHQFHVHWWHFKQRORJLH8QLYHUVLWp$EEHV/DJKURXU.KHQFKHOD$OJpULH E /DERUDWRLUHG¶DXWRPDWLTXHHWGHURERWLTXH)DFXOWpGHV6FLHQFHV 5RXWHG¶$LQ(O%H\8QLYHUVLWpGH&RQVWDQWLQH$OJpULH F 8QLYHUVLW\RI3LFDUGLH-XOHV9HUQH0,6 ($ UXH6DLQW/HX$PLHQV)UDQFH

$EVWUDFW 7KLV SDSHU LQWURGXFHV D IX]]\ PRGHO SUHGLFWLYH FRQWURO )03&  XVLQJ /LQHDU 0DWUL[ ,QHTXDOLWLHV /0,  DSSURDFK 7KH)03&ODZFDQEHHDVLO\REWDLQHGE\VROYLQJDFRQYH[RSWLPL]DWLRQSUREOHPVXEMHFWWRVHYHUDO/0,FRQGLWLRQV 7KHQVXFKFRQWUROOHULVFRQVWUXFWHGWRFRQWURODYDULDEOHZLQGWXUELQH)RUWKLVSXUSRVHDPRGHOSUHGLFWLYHFRQWURO DSSURDFKZLWKEODGHSLWFKDQGJHQHUDWRUWRUTXHDVWZRFRQWUROLQSXWVZLWKWKHREMHFWLYHWRFRQWUROSRZHULVSURSRVHG 7KHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIRXUSURSRVHGDSSURDFKLVVKRZQE\VLPXODWLRQUHVXOWV



© 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ‹3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG6HOHFWLRQDQGRUSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI>QDPHRUJDQL]HU@ Selection and peer-review under responsibility of KES International



.H\ZRUG0RGHOLQJRIZLQGWXUELQHVIX]]\V\VWHPV0RGHOSUHGLFWLYHFRQWURO/0,GHVLJQ

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¶V SURFHVVHV QHHG WR EH RSHUDWHG XQGHU WLJKW SHUIRUPDQFH VSHFLILFDWLRQV DQG PRUH DQG PRUH

1876-6102 © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Selection and peer-review under responsibility of KES International doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.11.036

358

Sofiane Bououden et al. / Energy Procedia 42 (2013) 357 – 366

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ȕFDOFXODWHGIRUPWKHPHDVXUHPHQWVRIWKHURWDWLRQDOVSHHGRIWKHVKDIWDWWKHJHQHUDWRUVLGH  DQGRIWKHVSHHGRIWKHWRZHUE\DQDFFHOHURPHWHUORFDWHGDWWKHWRSRIWKHWRZHU>@3LWFKDQJOH FRQWURO KDV D GLUHFW LPSDFW RQ WKH DHURG\QDPLF IRUFHV GHYHORSHG RQ WKH URWRU &RQVHTXHQWO\ LQDSSURSULDWHFRQWUROOHUPD\LQGXFHWRZHUEHQGLQJDQGYLEUDWLRQV  )RUGHVLJQSXUSRVHVWKHG\QDPLFPRGHORIWKHGULYHWUDLQFDQEHGHVFULEHG>@   [ 

$ D [ W  % D  9   

:KHUH 

$ D

 .   V -U .V -J

 %  V -U %V -J

  %V  % D  9  7U -U -U %V   -J

   

7J -J

Sofiane Bououden et al. / Energy Procedia 42 (2013) 357 – 366

[ W $QG D

>T

@

7 :J 

:U

V

>9

E @7  T V LVWRUVLRQDQJOHȍULVDQJXODUYHORFLW\RIURWRUȍJLVDQJXODUYHORFLW\RIJHQHUDWRU

.VLVWKHVWLIIQHVVRIWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ%VLVWKHGDPSLQJRIWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ-UDQG-JDUHWKHLQHUWLDRIWKH URWRUDQGJHQHUDWRUUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHDHURG\QDPLFWRUTXH7ULVJLYHQE\

 US5  &4 O  E 9     

 7U

& 3 O  E 

ZKHUH & 4 O  E

O

O

:U 5  9

7KHWRUTXH7ULVDQRQOLQHDUIXQFWLRQRIZLQGVSHHG 9 URWRUVSHHG ȍU DQGSLWFKDQJOH ȕ ZKHUH&4LV WKHWRUTXHFRHIILFLHQW&3 Ȝȕ LVWKHSRZHUFRHIILFLHQWȜLVWKHWLSVSHHGUDWLRȡWKHDLUGHQVLW\DQG5WKH EODGHVURWRUUDGLXVDQGWKHJHQHUDWRUWRUTXH7JLVDQRQOLQHDUIXQFWLRQRIWKHJHQHUDWRUVSHHGȍJDQGWKH ]HURWRUTXHVSHHGȍ]$VWKHJHQHUDWRUXVXDOO\RSHUDWHVLQWKHOLQHDUUHJLRQRILWVWRUTXHFKDUDFWHULVWLF ZKLFKFDQWKHUHIRUHEHDSSUR[LPDWHGE\DOLQHDUIRUP

%V : J  : ]   

 7J

7KHDHURG\QDPLFWRUTXHFDQEHDSSUR[LPDWHGDVIROORZV 

7U # 7UY D 9  7UE D E  7U: U D : U

  

$QGWKHLQGLYLGXDOSDUWLDOGHULYDWLYHVRI  DUH

7UY D

7UE D

7U:U D

w7U w9

w7U wE

: 9  E

w& 4 º ª   US5 9 «& 4 O  E  O »  wO ¼ O  9  E ¬

:9  E

w& 4  US5 9  wE 

w7U w: U

w& 4  US5 9  wO

: 9  E

 O  9  E

 O  9  E

7KH SDUWLDO GHULYDWLYHV RQ WKH &4  FDQ EH IRXQG XVLQJ DQ\ QXPEHU RI GLIIHUHQW QXPHULFDO LQWHUSRODWLRQ  PHWKRGV 7KH G\QDPLF EHKDYLRU RI WKH SLWFK DFWXDWRU LQ LWV OLQHDU UHJLRQ RI RSHUDWLRQ FDQ EH GHVFULEHG E\ WKH GLIIHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQ  E

   E  E G   

W

W

:KHUH IJ LV WKH WLPH FRQVWDQW DQG ȕ DQG ȕG DUH WKH DFWXDO DQG GHVLUHG SLWFK DQJOHV UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KHQ LQFRUSRUDWLQJ  WR  DQGUHSODFLQJ7UDQG7JZLWKWKHLUOLQHDUL]HGH[SUHVVLRQVWKHG\QDPLFPRGHORI WKH:(&6  FDQEHH[SUHVVHGDVDQQRQOLQHDUPRGHORIWKHIRUP

359

360

Sofiane Bououden et al. / Energy Procedia 42 (2013) 357 – 366

[ W $ D [ W  %X W  % ]9 W  ­    ® \ W &[ W ¯ ZLWK D

$ D

&

>

>9  : U  E @7 7KHPDWULFHVRIWKHPRGHODUH ª  « .V « « -U « .V « « J «  ¬«

 7U:U D  % V  -U %V -J

  @  [ W





 %V -U %V  % J -J 

>T

V

:U

:J

 º 7UE D » » -U » » %  » »  »  W ¼»

E @7  X

>E

ª « « « « « « ¬W

@

 : ]  \

UHI

 º  »» % J  » % -J » »  » ¼

ª  º « 7UY » « - » « U» «  » «¬  »¼

:J 

7KHIROORZLQJVXEVHFWLRQJLYHVWKH76IX]]\UHSUHVHQWDWLRQRI   76IX]]\UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ :HZLOOWDNHKLJKZLQGVSHHGIRUH[DPSOHWKHYDULDEOHVLQWKHZLQGWXUELQHDUHDVVXPHGYDU\LQJLQWKH RSHUDWLQJUDQJH 9 d 9 d 9  E d E d E  &RQVHTXHQWO\WKHQRQOLQHDUV\VWHP  FDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\ WKHIROORZLQJIRXU,)7+(1UXOHV>@

[ ,I E LV ) DQG 9 LV ) 7KHQ ­ ® ¯\

[ ,I E LV ) DQG 9 LV ) 7KHQ ­ ® ¯\ [ ,I E LV ) DQG 9 LV ) 7KHQ ­ ® ¯\ [ ,I E LV ) DQG 9 LV ) 7KHQ ­ ® ¯\

$ [  %X  % Z &[



$ [  %X  % Z &[ $ [  %X  % Z



&[ $ [  %X  % Z &[





7KHQWKHHTXLYDOHQW76IX]]\PRGHOLV  ­  [ W KL $L [ W  %X W  %L Z W    ° ¦  ® L  ° \ &[ ¯

:LWK

K ]

) E ) 9  K ]

) E ) 9  K ]

) E ) 9  K ]

) E ) 9 

Sofiane Bououden et al. / Energy Procedia 42 (2013) 357 – 366

) E

E  E   ) E E   E

 E  E ) 9 E   E 

9  9   ) 9 9  9

 9  9  9  9

&RQVWUDLQHGSUHGLFWLYHFRQWURO 7KH SUHGLFWLRQ PRGHO LQYROYHG LV FDSDEOH RI SUHGLFWLQJ VSHHG JHQHUDWRU DKHDG ZKLFK LV XVHG LQ WKH RSWLPL]DWLRQSDUWRIWKHFRQWUROOHU7KHSURSRVHGV\VWHPLVWHVWHGXQGHUDYDULHW\RIKDUGFRQVWUDLQWVDW WKHVDPHWLPHWKLVFRQWUROOHURSWLPL]HVWKHVWDWHRIVSHHGJHQHUDWRUXQGHUSUDFWLFDOFRQVWUDLQWV>@ +S



PLQ X

¦ U N  \Ö N 4 U N  \Ö N 7

  

W 

+F



 ¦ X N 7 5X N  'X N 7 6'X N



W 

 Ö RXWSXWSUHGLFWHGE\ WKH QRQOLQHDUIX]]\ PRGHOU W LV WKH GHVLUHG +HUH \Ö W WKHJHQHUDWRUVSHHG : J JHQHUDWRUVSHHGX W LVPXOWLLQSXWFRQWUROVLJQDO SLWFKDQJOHDQG]HURWRUTXHVSHHG ¨XLVLQFUHPHQW FRQWUROVLJQDO7KHSDUDPHWHUV+SDQG+XFDOOHGWKHSUHGLFWLRQDQGFRQWUROFRVWKRUL]RQUHVSHFWLYHO\7KH 45DQG6DUHVHWDFFRUGLQJWRWKHGHVLUHGFRQWUROREMHFWLYHV  7KHUHIRUHYDULHWLHVRIFRQVWUDLQWVDUHLPSRVHGRQWKHV\VWHPIRUH[DPSOHSLWFKDQJOHVSHHGZLQGDQG VSHHGURWRUWDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQWWKHFRQVWUDLQWVRQWKHLUVWDWHVDQGRXWSXWV LQWKHYDOXHVRIWKHLQSXWDQG WKHRXWSXWV 0DWKHPDWLFDOO\WKHSUREOHPFDQEHZULWWHQDV>@  

‚ '8 Q

>

- PLQ   *  ;8 N  



7

@

4/ '8 Q

@

  

 '8 Q7 /7 4/  5  6 '8 Q ZKHUH - PLQ @

͹Ǥͷ  ‘”–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘  $QRSWLPL]DWLRQ/0,SUREOHPUHTXLUHVWKDWWKHLQLWLDOSUREOHPLVUHVWUXFWXUHGVRDVWRLQYROYHDOLQHDU FRVWIXQFWLRQDQGVWULFWLQHTXDOLW\FRQVWUDLQWV)RUWKLVWKHFRQWUROREMHFWLYHLPSRVHVWKHIROORZLQJVWHSV ,Q JHQHUDO WKH PLQLPL]DWLRQ RI D FRQYH[ TXDGUDWLF IXQFWLRQ ‚ '8 Q FDQ EH REWDLQHG E\ WKH IROORZLQJ HTXLYDOHQWPLQLPL]DWLRQVWUDWHJ\  PLQLPL]H J DQGILQGDQ '8 DGPLVVLEOHWKDWVDWLVILHG  ‚ '8 Q  J    )RU RXU RSWLPL]DWLRQ SUREOHP WKH HTXDWLRQ   FDQ EH WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR /0, SUREOHP XVLQJ WKH 6FKXU FRPSOHPHQW/HW / [ / [ 7  0 [ 0 [ 7  : [ UHSUHVHQWLQJDQDIILQHGHSHQGLQJRI[7KHQWKH IROORZLQJ/0,DUHHTXLYDOHQW  / [ : [ º L  ª    «: [ 7 0 [ »   ¬ ¼

­ 0 [   LL  ®     7 ¯ / [  : [ 0 [ : [   ,QHTXDOLW\  LVVWULFWEXWQRQOLQHDU,WZLOOEHWUDQVIRUPHGE\6FKXU VOHPPDLQWR/0,     0LQ J  5 

>

@



Q 7 ª 6XEMHFWWR « *  ;8 N  

 /7 4/  5  6

@



º   »  /7 4/  5  6 »¼

>

'8 Q7

@

    

363

Sofiane Bououden et al. / Energy Procedia 42 (2013) 357 – 366

>

@



­ / '8  *  ;8  < Q 7 4/ '8  -  J Q N  UHI Q PLQ °   °  7 ®0 '8 Q  / 4/  5  6 ° 7 °¯: '8 Q '8 Q )LQDOO\ WKH VHFRQG LQHTXDOLW\ RI   LV DOZD\V YHULILHG E\ WKH +HVVLDQ VWUXFWXUH LQ WKH 0RGHO %DVHG 3UHGLFWLYH &RQWURO 0%3&  FDVH 7KH SUHYLRXV FRQVWUDLQWV   PXVW EH SUHVHQWHG LQ D GLDJRQDO IRUP GHILQLQJWKXVDPDWUL[VSDFHFRQYH[DQGV\PPHWULF$WWKHHQGRIWKHWKUHHSUHYLRXVVWHSVWKHSUREOHPLQ WKHILQDOIRUPXVHGE\/0,VROYHUVLVWKHUHIRUH   0LQ J  5  

>

@

>



@

Q 7 ª º '8 Q7 6XEMHFWWR « *  ;8 N   E

9

@

7

WKHVWDWHYDULDEOHLV [ W

 : ] 7KHQWKH76IX]]\PRGHO

>T

V

:U

:J

E @7 WKHFRQWUROLQSXWLV

364

Sofiane Bououden et al. / Energy Procedia 42 (2013) 357 – 366

ª  « .V « « -U « .V « « J «  ¬«

 %  V -U %V -J

$

$  $

$ 

%

ª « « « « « « ¬W

$



 %V -U %V  % J -J



 º  »» % J  » % -J » »  » ¼



ª  º « 7UY » « - »  « U » % «  » «¬  »¼

%

ª  « .V « « -U « .V « « J «  ¬«

 º 7UE  » » -U »  » $  »  »   » W ¼»

%

 %  V -U %V -J





 %V -U %V  % J -J 

 º 7UE  » » -U »  »  » »   » W ¼»

ª  º « 7UY  » « - »    « U » «  » «¬  »¼

:LWK

7UE 

7UE E

:KHUH 7UE 

E  7UE 

7UE E

  7UE 

E  7UY 

  7UY

7UY 9

9  7UY 

  7UY 

7UY 9

9 

 

:HFDQHDVLO\REWDLQWKHGLVFUHWHWLPHORFDOPRGHOVRIIX]]\V\VWHP  IRUWKHZLQGWXUELQHV  XQGHU WKH VDPSOLQJ WLPH 7 V DQG WKH 03& SDUDPHWHUV DUH VHOHFWHG DV IROORZV 7KH FRQWURO KRUL]RQ LV +X DQGWKHSUHGLFWLRQKRUL]RQLV+S 7KHQR]HURZHLJKWLQJPDWULFHVDUH4 ,DQG5 ,7KH FRQVWUDLQWV RQ WKH FRQWURO DUH X  >  @  7KH RSWLPL]DWLRQ SUREOHP DW HDFK VWHS LV VROYHG XVLQJ 0DWODEVRIWZDUH

 )LJ7KHSURILOHRIZLQGLQSXWVSHHGRIaPV)LJ$FWXDOSLWFKDQJOH

365

Sofiane Bououden et al. / Energy Procedia 42 (2013) 357 – 366





)LJ'HVLUHGSLWFKDQJOHFRPPDQGRI)03&FRQWUROOHU)LJ3UHGLFWLYHJHQHUDWRUURWDWHGVSHHGVLJQDO

‹‰—”‡• ȋͳǦͶȌ •Š‘™• –Ї ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡• ‘ˆ –Ї ’”‘’‘•‡† —Ž–‹˜ƒ”‹ƒ„އ …‘–”‘ŽŽ‡” ™‹–Š ƒ ‰‘‘† …‘’”‘‹•‡„‡–™‡‡‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ’‘™‡”ƒ†”‘–‘”•’‡‡†”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ǤЇ…Š‘•‡™‹†•’‡‡†‹•Š‹‰ŠŽ› –—”„—އ–ǡƒ†˜ƒ”‹‡•ˆ”‘ͳ͹̱͵ͳȀ•Ǥ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t + X  DQG WKHUHIRUH WKH IXWXUHFRQWUROZLOOVWDELOL]HDQGWKHV\VWHPFRQYHUJHVWRZDUGWKHUHIHUHQFH)RUWKLVWKHSLWFKDQJOHȕLV PDLQWDLQHGDWȕRSWDQGWKHURWDWLRQDOVSHHGȍ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

366

Sofiane Bououden et al. / Energy Procedia 42 (2013) 357 – 366

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³&RQWURO 6\VWHP $QDO\VLV DQG 'HVLJQ YLD /LQHDU 0DWUL[ ,QHTXDOLWLHV´ 029,& 7XWRULDO :RUNVKRS 1RWHV  >@ 0&KDGOL$(O+DMMDML:LQGHQHUJ\FRQYHUVLRQV\VWHPVFRQWUROXVLQJ76IX]]\PRGHOLQJWK0HGLWHUUDQHDQFRQIHUHQFH RQFRQWURODQG$XWRPDWLRQ,(((0('¶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³1RQOLQHDUDQGOLQHDUPRGHOEDVHGFRQWUROOHUGHVLJQIRUYDULDEOHVSHHGZLQGWXUELQHV´   SS±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¶$WKHQV*UHHFHSS >@ 06ROLPDQ230DOLN7':HVWZLFN0XOWLSOH0RGHO3UHGLFWLYH&RQWUROIRU:LQG7XUELQHV:LWK'RXEO\)HG,QGXFWLRQ *HQHUDWRUV,(((7UDQVDFWLRQRQ6XVWDLQDEOH(QHUJ\    SS± >@ 7.Ԝ%DUODV*-YDQGHU9HHQ*$0YDQ.XLN0RGHOSUHGLFWLYHFRQWUROIRUZLQGWXUELQHVZLWKGLVWULEXWHGDFWLYHIODSV LQFRUSRUDWLQJLQIORZVLJQDOVDQGDFWXDWRUFRQVWUDLQWV:LQG(QHUJ\    SS±



Suggest Documents