Learning Objectives

Costas Balaras, PhD PEng FASHRAE Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development

National Observatory of Athens, Greece [email protected]

Workshop 1 - Development of an ASHRAE Energy Guideline for Historical Buildings Refurbishment of 100 Year Old Neo Classic Office Building, Athens, Greece

1

2014 ASHRAE Annual Conference Seattle

Learning Objectives • • • •

Identify the significance of historic buildings and their character-defining features and recognize the range of possible and realizable options for energy use improvement. Understand the particular construction features of different categories of historic structures and the range of options and constraints for energy use improvements. Develop energy efficient design solutions appropriate to the planned use of historic buildings for providing thermal comfort and high visual quality lighting. Understand the opportunities and challenges of retrofitting a neoclassical office building with interventions in the building envelope, heating and cooling systems, electrical installations and control systems for improved IEQ and energy performance, while preserving the building's historical features. ASHRAE is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to ASHRAE Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/ASHRAE for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

2 ASHRAE Annual Conference, ASHRAE Workshop Development of an ASHRAE Energy Guideline for Historical Buildings, Seattle, June 28 - July 2, 2014

1

Acknowledgements • Alex Tombazis - Meletitiki Ltd • M. Bruant and G. Platakis • European Commission, DG Energy, THERMIE Program


Outline • • • • •

Overview of the building Challenges Before - needs, issues, priorities Implemented works After - energy performance, IEQ


2

The Building Construction: 1865 Two-story office building & basement Free standing  Good microclimate (trees, 

vegetation, strong breezes)

Floor: 416 m2 (4500 ft2) 4.5 m (14.8 ft) ceilings

Occupancy: 20 employees (07:30-15:00), M-F Partial occupancy - extended working hrs (evenings, weekends) 5 ASHRAE Annual Conference, ASHRAE Workshop Development of an ASHRAE Energy Guideline for Historical Buildings, Seattle, June 28 - July 2, 2014

The Building

 Pitched roof over attic (no insulation)  External walls: stone thickness 0.6 m (~2ft); positive thermal mass effects  Large windows (daylight & natural ventilation)  Wooden floors 6 ASHRAE Annual Conference, ASHRAE Workshop Development of an ASHRAE Energy Guideline for Historical Buildings, Seattle, June 28 - July 2, 2014

3

Challenges • Preserve historic identity (limited or no impact to the external building fabric, preserve windows & shutters aesthetics) • Emphasis on heating-cooling-lighting • Optimize energy consumption • Improve IEQ • Building remained in operation during refurbishment works 7 ASHRAE Annual Conference, ASHRAE Workshop Development of an ASHRAE Energy Guideline for Historical Buildings, Seattle, June 28 - July 2, 2014

Challenges Internal wall & ceiling decorations • Frescos • Paintings


4

Before • Envelope: Damaged & deteriorated wooden frame windows; two-sections, single glazed; no roof insulation • Heating: Old central oil-fired boiler (07:00-13:00), hydronic radiators; portable electric radiators • Cooling: Naturally ventilated; portable floor fans. Missing or damaged external shutters • Lighting: Incandescent lamps, poor general space & task lighting • Elec. Network: Old single-phase, obsolete power switch board


Implemented Works (Reduce loads)  Attic roll-bat thermal insulation

Accessibility


5

Implemented Works (Reduce loads)  New wooden-frame double glazing

Ant colonies, water erosion

Restore colorspainting technic

11

ASHRAE Annual Conference, ASHRAE Workshop Development of an ASHRAE Energy Guideline for Historical Buildings, Seattle, June 28 - July 2, 2014

Implemented Works (Reduce loads)  Solar protection  Enhance natural & hybrid ventilation-cooling External shutters

Natural ventilation

Ceiling fans


6

Implemented Works (Heating-Cooling System)  Remove hydronic radiators - piping Remove radiators Caution with handling asbestos insulation Removing - Replacing oil tanks


Implemented Works (Heating-Cooling System)  Install HP & FCs for heating & cooling  Accessibility - Space allocation Install HP & Fan-Coils

Controls (priority HP/Boiler)

Extended operating hours (07:00-22:00) 14 ASHRAE Annual Conference, ASHRAE Workshop Development of an ASHRAE Energy Guideline for Historical Buildings, Seattle, June 28 - July 2, 2014

7

Implemented Works (Heating-Cooling System)


Implemented Works (Controls)  Automated coupling HP-boiler  Demand Control System (in-house)  Extended operating hours (07:00-22:00)


8

Implemented Works PBP

ROOF INSULATION

1.5

Peak cooling load ( 5%) & heating load ( 2.4%)

EXTERNAL SHADING

12.5

Peak cooling load ( 12%)

CEILING FANS

1.2

Peak cooling load ( 72%)

ENERGY EFFICIENT LAMPS

8.5

Electrical energy consumption for lighting ( 18.5%)

CENTRAL CONTROL SYSTEM

6.5

Energy consumption ( 14-20%)

HEAT PUMP CONTROLS

9.4

Energy consumption for heating ( 29%)

MONITORING 17 ASHRAE Annual Conference, ASHRAE Workshop Development of an ASHRAE Energy Guideline for Historical Buildings, Seattle, June 28 - July 2, 2014

After - Energy Performance

68.0 kBTU/ft2

Before

Average Hellenic office buildings

41.1 kBTU/ft2

After

0

200

400

600

800

MJ/m2


9

After - IEQ • Employee satisfaction B E F O R E

A F T E R

HEATING 45% 55%

COOLING

LIGHTING

36% 64%

36% 64%

9% 91%

100%

82%

18%

VENTILATION 27% 73%

SHADING 55% 45%

9% 100%

91%


Conclusions • Renovations improved IEQ & increased employee satisfaction • Improved energy performance (~40%) • Positive employee response • Simple equipment automations proved most effective • Proper maintenance is critical for continuous system operation • Subcontractors exhibited great care & pride working on a historic building 20 ASHRAE Annual Conference, ASHRAE Workshop Development of an ASHRAE Energy Guideline for Historical Buildings, Seattle, June 28 - July 2, 2014

10

Questions?

Costas Balaras [email protected]


11