Mapping the Distribution of a Potentially New Tiny ...
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Mapping the Distribution of a Potentially New Tiny ...
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Mapping the Distribution of a Potentially New Tiny Terror in Southern White Pine Forests Ashley Schulz, Chris Asaro, David Coyle, Michelle Cram, Rima Lucardi, Angela Mech, and Kamal Gandhi Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia Virginia Department of Forestry USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Eastern White Pine Symptoms: branch flagging, resinosis, and crown thinning.
The Potential Problem
Matsucoccus macrocicatrices
Caliciopsis pinea
Research Objectives Determine the range and severity of dieback of symptomatic eastern white pine trees in the southern Appalachians.
Examine the relationships among the scale insect, cankers and eastern white pine.
Site Selection Range of Eastern White Pine
Methods Eastern White Pine Health Rating Scale
1
2
3
4
5
Methods
1m
1
3
2
Courtesy of forestryimages.com
Health ratings ranged from 2.4-4.2 White Pine Health Rating
4.5
GA
4.0
SC
3.5
TN 3.0
NC WV
2.5
VA 2.0
34°
39°
Latitude
1
2
3
Average
4
5
85% of sites with scales and 87% with C. pinea Num. of Sites with Matsucoccus macrocicatrices
14 12
3
10 8 6
4
2 8
2 0 GA
1 2
3
SC
NC
N 10 6
5 TN
Y
VA
WV
State
Num. of Sites with Caliciopsis pinea
14 1
12
10 8 6 4
3 8
2
1 2
0 GA
SC
3
Y 6
4
NC TN State
N
12
VA
WV
Proportion of Dead Nodes
Positive relationship between cankers/scales and dieback 1.00
P < 0.001
0.80
0.60 0.40
P < 0.001 Observed Predicted
0.20 0.00 Proportion of Scales/Tree SA
Proportion of Cankers/Tree SA
Proportion of Cankers to Tree Surface Area
Positive relationship between cankers and scales 0.6 0.5 0.4
y = 23.518x + 0.0291 R² = 0.2452 P < 0.001
0.3
0.2 0.1 0.0 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 Proportion of Scales To Tree Surface Area
95% of scales associated with cankers M. macrocicatrices Associations
Canker Types C. pinea Canker
C. pinea Canker
29%
Other Canker
66%
Other Canker No Canker
No Canker
C. pinea
63%
Other Canker
37%
5%
Conclusions Eastern white pine health ratings ranged from 2.4-4.2. Cankers and scales were correlated with white pine sapling dieback. The scale insect was correlated with cankers. 95% of the scales were associated with cankers. C. pinea is prevalent.
Future Work
1. Analyze more site/sapling data
3. Monitor permanent plots.
2. ID other cankers.
4. Evaluate WP elsewhere.
Acknowledgements Funding Sources Virginia Department of Forestry•Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources Sigma Xi Grants in Aid of Research•USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Evaluation Monitoring Grant
Helpers University of Georgia Brittany Barnes•Ansley Silva•Christiane Helbig•Courtney Brissey•Kris Smoot Derek Robertson•Danielle Sank USDA Forest Service-Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina,Virginia, West Virginia Dan Miller•Dale Starkey•Mike Joyce•Victor Wyant•Jason Rodrigue•Ted Oprean Jill Rose•Russ McFarlane•Joan Brown•Virginia Gibbs•Jane Bard•Rondi Fischer Virginia Department of Forestry Chris Thomsen•John Wright•Dennis Anderson Donald Garman•Lori Chamberlin
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