Microprocessor or Microcontroller - University of Calgary

Microprocessor or Microcontroller Not just a case of “you say tomarto and I say tomayto” M. Smith, ECE University of Calgary, Canada

Information taken from Analog g Devices On-line Manuals with permission http://www.analog.com/processors/resources/technicalLibrary/manuals/

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Analog Devices assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringement of any patent other rights of any third party which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent right of Analog Devices. Copyright © Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.

13 September 2006

Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada

2/ 29

To be tackled today

Basic microprocessor Concept of a microcontroller Difference between the Blackfin microcontroller and Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite evaluation board Capabilities of the ADSP-BF533 Blackfin EzKit Lite evaluation board Various acronyms that will be used in the course

13 September 2006


3/ 29

Microprocessor – Basic concept ADDRESS BUS 32-bit / 64-bit wide CPU contains CCU ALU data registers and pointer registers

CONTROL BUS Timing signals, ready signals, interrupts etc

DATA BUS – bidirectional 8 8-bit / 16-bit 16 / 32-bit 32 / 128-bit 128

Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless Must have external peripherals (screen, buttons, LED, keyboard, SPI, internet, USB) to interact with outside world 13 September 2006


4/ 29

MicroPROCESSOR – Basic concept CONTROL BUS ADDRESS BUS CPU contains CCU ALU data registers and pointer registers

BOOT ROM

Instruction (program) ROM

Used at startup

Data RAM

Keyboard Screen UART Transducers Parallel interface etc

DATA BUS Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals to Interact with outside world External peripherals completely useless – we must develop / understand code that makes them work – initialize, read and write values or group of values 13 September 2006


5/ 29

Every external device needs this amount of support “glue “ l llogic” i ” to allow ll us to controll iit ADDRESS BUS DECODE LOGIC •Address strobe

•CS – chip select

•Data strobe External Device

Device itself with all necessary internal logic to do the things it needs to do

•Read/Write control

OE O t t Output Enable

other signals such as interrupt signals, etc

DATA BUS 13 September 2006


6/ 29

How it works

You code P0.L = lo(DeviceAddress); P0.H = hi(DeviceAddress); R0 = [P0]; The processor fetches the two instructions to set pointer register Third instruction works like this

Fetch F t h instruction i t ti CPU put out the value in P0 on address bus Every peripheral peripheral’s s decode logic checks to see if that address if the one it understands If the address matches – peripheral puts a value on data bus CPU puts that data bus value into R0

13 September 2006


7/ 29

Issues with external devices

Many pins

Continually redesigning same thing

Mechanical failure rates increased Design time increased – routing issues on board Cost increased, board size increased Compatibility between parts Upgrade part Many similar options between different projects

In Real-life -- Don Don’tt need “100% 100% flexibility” flexibility

13 September 2006


8/ 29

MicroCONTROLLER – Basic concept CONTROL ADDRESS BOOT ROM

CPU contains CCU ALU data registers and pointer registers

Used at startup

Instruction (program) ROM

Data RAM

UART Parallel interface Transducers Etc

DATA

Microcontroller – put a limited amount of most commonly used resources “inside” the chip – a “limited” amount is often “enough” for many applications

13 September 2006


9/ 29

Advantages of microCONTROLLER over microPROCESSOR

Pin count down Design time down, Board layout size down Upgrade path easier – matching between peripherals for speed C t down Cost d – bulk b lk purchases h Reliability up Common software / hardware design environment available from manufacturer

13 September 2006


10/ 29

Issues when using microcontroller

Two types of memory – speed issues when using On-chip – fast, easy to access, “almost as fast as using a register”, limited amount of on-chip memory available Off-chip – slower to access – additional cost Use on-chip memory in a “cache” cache mode (copy off-chip data to onchip when processing data, then copy back) External components still there E.g. g Video CODECs – need to use DMA – Direct Memory y Access – so that the controller can get on with the “processing” and let something else worry about moving data in and out of the chip Real time environment Event driven – can can’tt WAIT for a device to become ready ready, can’t can t POLL to see if device is ready, interrupt handling is key All these resources are “power hungry” and compete for resources (data busses etc) – special features to control power use

13 September 2006


11/ 29

Components of the Blackfin Board From smallest to largest

Processor Core

Processor itself

One core on Blackfin ADSP-BF533 processor Two cores on Blackfin ADSP-BF561 ADSP BF561 processor core + some memory + some other built incapability

Blackfin Evaluation board

Don’t forget the software development package VisualDSP++

13 September 2006


12/ 29

Blackfin ADSP-BF533 CORE

REMINDER TO SELF THIS IS ANIMATED 13 September 2006


13/ 29

Some key discussed elements from the previous slide

Why did the processor designers allow 2 loads from memory at the same time, a load and store at the same time, but not two stores at the same time? Why would the processor designers make 8-bit ALUs operations available on a processor that has 32 bit registers? 32-bit Give an example of an instruction where four 8-bit ALU operations occur at the same time Give an example of an instruction where two 16-bit ALU operations occur at the same time

13 September 2006


14/ 29

CORE

13 September 2006


The “chip” itself, we need to code all 15/ 29

Enter the key elements from previous slide

Will you learn to “flash” flash memory in this class, and how would you do it and why? What does a watch-dog g timer do – and “how do you find out how to feed it?” What does the acronym MMU stand for? What does the acronym SPI stand for, and in what labs will we be using the SPI? When is the PPI used? What’s a real time clock?

13 September 2006


16/ 29

13 September 2006

Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller EVALUATION M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada

BOARD

17/ 29

Lab. 1 – demonstration of microcontroller capability

Use the microcontroller

Configure the FLASH memory

Contains memory y and also I/O components p ((input p / output)

Use the FLASH memory I/O capability to control th LED the Configure the PF I/O lines (Programmable flags)

Used to control many of the external devices (chip select and timing lines) Used as input (Lab. 2) and / or interrupt lines (Lab. 3)

13 September 2006


18/ 29

Push-button switches (PF lines) LED (controlled by FLASH memory logic)

13 September 2006


19/ 29

Need to learn how to “configure” the flash memory so that We can control the LEDs If we can control the LED’s then we have signals that could be used for a “radio-controlled” car

Parallel interfaces present on the FLASH memory chips

13 September 2006


20/ 29

Configure the PF lines (Programmable Flags – Input and output pins)

Reminder To self Animated

Replace one button input with the input of a temperature transducer and you have designed g a “Software controlled thermometer”

TMP03 will be used in Laboratory 2 13 September 2006


21/ 29

Control of the PF lines – how / why? FIO_FLAG_D – Data register FIO_EDGE -- Edge register FIO DIR FIO_DIR -- Direction Di ti register i t FIO_POLAR -- Polarity register

13 September 2006


22/ 29

PF lines being used already to control other devices – “We are not alone in using peripherals!!”

When we change the PF registers bits, we must ONLY change those over which we have control PF8, PF9, PF10, PF11

FIO_FLAG_D register has 16 I/O pins (Flag pins) available

Mustt learn M l the th instructions to safely change some register bits and not others (AND and OR instructions)

13 September 2006


23/ 29

Enter the key elements from previous slide

Which A/D is used on the Blackfin board? Why are the signals that control the LED’s coming from the FLASH? What does SPORT1 means, and what external device is being controlled by it? How does the SPORT device allow “time sharing” of the bus by several different sharing external devices?

13 September 2006


24/ 29

Audio-Video Interaction of ADSP-BF533 Ez-Kit Lite with the outside world

13 September 2006


25/ 29

13 September 2006


26/ 29

Review quiz

CPU stands for

CCU stands for

ALU stands for

DMA stands for

13 September 2006


27/ 29

Review Quiz

How come the FLASH memoryy must be used to control the LEDs and not the GPIO register pins (general purpose I/O)?

Why can’t we use PF0 line in Lab. 2 to read temperature p transducer input p signals? g

Why will AND and OR operations be necessary when h we control t l th the PF I/O lines? li ?

What does PF stand for?

13 September 2006


28/ 29

Tackled today

Basic microprocessor Concept of a microcontroller Difference between the Blackfin microcontroller and Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite evaluation board Capabilities of the ADSP-BF533 Blackfin EzKit Lite evaluation board Various acronyms that will be used in the course

13 September 2006


29/ 29