Modeling and calculation of hydromechanical systems dynamics

21 downloads 0 Views 390KB Size Report
Modeling and designing calculation of hydraulic systems in practice is a very difficult tasN due to the need to .... ¼. 6. Piston hydraulic pneumatic storage.
MATEC Web of Conferences 226, 01001 (2018) DTS-2018

https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822 6 01001

0RGHOLQJ DQG FDOFXODWLRQ RI K\GURPHFKDQLFDO V\VWHPVG\QDPLFVEDVHGRQWKHYROXPHULJLGLW\ WKHRU\ $OH[DQGHU75\EDN 0LNKDLO36KLVKNDUHY$OH[DQGHU$'HP\DQRY9LNWRU3=KDURY 'RQ6WDWH7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\5RVWRYRQ'RQ5XVVLDQ)HGHUDWLRQ

5RVWRY6WDWH7UDQVSRUW8QLYHUVLW\5RVWRYRQ'RQ5XVVLDQ)HGHUDWLRQ

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

)XQGDPHQWDOVRIWKHWKHRU\RIYROXPHULJLGLW\ 7KHHVVHQFHRIWKHYROXPHULJLGLW\WKHRU\XVLQJLQPRGHOLQJFRQVLVWVLQWKHDVVHUWLRQWKDW WKHSUHVVXUHDWDQ\VWSRLQWRIWKHGSLK\GUDXOLFV\VWHPFDQEHGHWHUPLQHGE\HTXDWLRQ  



&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU#PDLOUX

 © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

MATEC Web of Conferences 226, 01001 (2018) DTS-2018

GSL

https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822 6 01001

& SUL ˜

¦ 4  ¦ 4 ˜ GW  YKL

Y\KL









  

ZKHUH ¦ 4YKL DQG ¦ 4Y\KL ±WKHVXPVRIDOOLQFRPLQJDQGRXWJRLQJLQVWDQWDQHRXVIORZUDWHV

RI WKHK\GUDXOLF IOXLGRI WKHYROXPH RI WKHK\GUDXOLF V\VWHP LQ WLPH GW & SUL ± WKHUHGXFHG

FRHIILFLHQWRIYROXPHULJLGLW\RIWKHLWKK\GUDXOLFV\VWHPYROXPHXQGHUFRQVLGHUDWLRQ 7KXV WKH PDLQ WDVNZKHQ PRGHOLQJ WKH K\GUDXOLF V\VWHP LV WRGHWHUPLQH WKHUHGXFHG FRHIILFLHQWRIYROXPHULJLGLW\RIWKHV\VWHPYDULRXVHOHPHQWVZKLFKLVHTXDOWRWKHLQFUHDVH LQSUHVVXUHZKLFKLVGXHWRWKHDGGLWLRQRIDQDGGLWLRQDOYROXPHRIWKHZRUNLQJIOXLGWRWKLV HOHPHQWYROXPH 7KH SUHYLRXVO\ REWDLQHG IRUPXODV IRU GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH UHGXFHG FRHIILFLHQWV RI YROXPH ULJLGLW\RIK\GUDXOLFV\VWHPVVRPHHOHPHQWV>@DUHVXPPDUL]HGLQ7DEOH 7DEOH7KHUHVXOWHGIDFWRUVRIYROXPHULJLGLW\RIK\GUDXOLFV\VWHPVYDULRXVHOHPHQWV ʋ 

6\VWHPHOHPHQW +\GUDXOLFOLQHVHFWLRQ



&\OLQGHUSLVWRQVLGH

&O

7KHUHGXFHGFRHIILFLHQWRIYROXPHULJLGLW\ (RLO  (RLO  &O î § G (RLO · S ˜ G ˜ O   G (RLO 9WU ¨  ¸ G (VW G (VW ¹ ©

 (RLO  § G F (RLO ·  9 S ˜ G ˜ [˜ ¨   ¸ F YU G (VW ¹ ©  (RLO  ª  º  S ˜ /  [ ˜ « G F  G VKW  GGF ((RLO »  9VKW YU F VW ¼ ¬



&F  S

 F



&\OLQGHUHQG



:RUNLQJFDYLW\RIWKH SOXQJHUK\GUDXOLF F\OLQGHU



:RUNLQJFDYLW\RIWKH K\GURSQHXPDWLF DFFXPXODWRU



3LVWRQK\GUDXOLF SQHXPDWLFVWRUDJH KRXVLQJ

&VKW

&F  SO

&9RLO



 (RLO  G ( S ˜ G F ˜ F RLO  )SO /  [ GF (VW

(RLO   ª º § S · N (RLO § S · N » « 9   ¨ ¸  ¨ ¸ « © S¹ NS © S ¹ » »¼ ¬« (VW  ɋ9VW  · §  9 ¨   ¸ © G   G  ¹



 7DEOHDVVXPHVWKHIROORZLQJQRWDWLRQ 9WU±LQWHUQDOYROXPHRIWKHFRQGXLWVHFWLRQLQTXHVWLRQGDQGį±GLDPHWHURIWKHFRQGXLW DQGLWVZDOOWKLFNQHVV(VW±HODVWLFLW\PRGXOXVRIWKHZDOOPDWHULDO(RLO±HODVWLFLW\PRGXOXV RISRZHUIOXLGGF±LQQHUGLDPHWHURIF\OLQGHUOLQHUįF±K\GUDXOLFF\OLQGHUZDOOWKLFNQHVV [ ± SLVWRQ VWURNH RI WKH K\GUDXOLF F\OLQGHU IURP LWV ORZHU GHDG FHQWHU 9FYU ± YROXPH RI KDUPIXO VSDFH LQ WKH SLVWRQ FDYLW\ RI WKH K\GUDXOLF F\OLQGHU / ± IXOO VWURNH RI WKH SLVWRQ SOXQJHU RIWKHK\GUDXOLFF\OLQGHUGVKW±K\GUDXOLFF\OLQGHUURGGLDPHWHU9VKWYU ±KDUPIXO VSDFH YROXPH RI WKH K\GUDXOLF F\OLQGHU URG FDYLW\ )SO ± FURVVVHFWLRQDO DUHD RI K\GUDXOLF F\OLQGHUUDP9SOYU ±KDUPIXOVSDFHYROXPHRIWKHSOXQJHUK\GUDXOLFF\OLQGHUSRZHUFDYLW\ &9RLO ± WKH UHGXFHG YROXPH ULJLGLW\ FRHIILFLHQW RI WKH K\GURSQHXPDWLF DFFXPXODWRU JDVOLTXLG FKDPEHU &9VW ± WKH UHGXFHG YROXPH ULJLGLW\ FRHIILFLHQW RI WKH ERG\ ZDOO RI D K\GURSQHXPDWLF DFFXPXODWRU S  ± JDV SUHVVXUH XQGHU FKDUJLQJ D K\GURSQHXPDWLF 2

MATEC Web of Conferences 226, 01001 (2018) DTS-2018

https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822 6 01001

DFFXPXODWRUS±WKHSUHVVXUHFXUUHQWYDOXHRIWKHK\GURQHXPDWLFDFFXPXODWRUSRZHUIOXLG LQWKHZRUNLQJFDYLW\N±DGLDEDWLFH[SRQHQW G ±WKHRXWHUGLDPHWHURIWKHEDWWHU\FDVH ZDOO LV UHODWHG WR LWV LQWHUQDO GLDPHWHU 9 ±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ɋ SU

–

¦

Q L

§  ¨ © &L

Q L 

&L

–

Q L

· &  L ¸ ¹

 









 

ZKHUH ɋSU ± WKH K\GUDXOLF V\VWHP YROXPH ULJLGLW\ UHGXFHG FRHIILFLHQW FRQVLVWLQJ RI Q FR RSHUDWLQJ HOHPHQWV &L  WKH YROXPH ULJLGLW\ UHGXFHG FRHIILFLHQW RI WKH L HOHPHQW RI WKH V\VWHP 7KH IORZ UDWH YDOXHV RI WKH SRZHU IOXLG QHFHVVDU\ IRU FDOFXODWLQJ WKH LQFUHPHQW RI SUHVVXUHVDUHGHWHUPLQHGE\WKHIRUPXOD   4L

P L ˜ 6L ˜

 ˜ SL  SL  ˜ VLJQ SL  SL     U





 

ZKHUHSL±WKHSUHVVXUHYDOXHDWWKHLQSXWRIWKH LWKK\GUDXOLFUHVLVWDQFHS L ±SUHVVXUH RXWSXW6L±FURVVVHFWLRQDODUHDRIUHVLVWDQFHȡSRZHUIOXLGGHQVLW\ȝL±UHVLVWDQFHIORZ FRHIILFLHQW

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

MATEC Web of Conferences 226, 01001 (2018) DTS-2018

https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822 6 01001

PRYHPHQW RI WKH SLVWRQ  LV ODUJH WKH SUHVVXUH YDOYH  RSHQV DQG WKH GDPSLQJ RFFXUV PDLQO\GXHWRJDVFRPSUHVVLRQLQWKHFKDPEHUVDQG 7KH PDWKHPDWLFDO GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH VKRFN DEVRUEHU G\QDPLF EHKDYLRU LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWKWKHYROXPHULJLGLW\WKHRU\ZLOOORRNOLNH GS &SU‫ ڄ‬YSÂ6S±4  ±4±4 ‫ڄ‬GW GS &SU‫ ڄ‬4±YSÂ6ULQJNRK ‫ڄ‬GW GS &SU‫ ڄ‬4±YULQJÂ6ULQJ±4   ‫ڄ‬GW GS &SU‫ ڄ‬4NO4  ±YVKLPÂ6VKLP ‫ڄ‬GW S

§ 9 S ˜ ¨ ¨9  6 ©  ULQJ  ˜ [ULQJ 

N

· ¸¸  ¹







  

N

S

GS

§ · 9 S ˜ ¨ ¸  9 6 [  ˜ ©  VKLP  VKLP  ¹ &SU‫ ڄ‬4  ±4UO ‫ڄ‬GW

ZKHUH S«S ± SUHVVXUH DW WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ SRLQWV RI WKH V\VWHP YS YULQJ DQG YVKLPVSHHGRISLVWRQGLVSODFHPHQWULQJDQGZDVKHUUHVSHFWLYHO\6S6ULQJNRK6ULQJDQG 6VKLPWKHSLVWRQDUHDWKHUHWXUQFKDPEHUULQJWKHULQJDQGWKHZDVKHUUHVSHFWLYHO\ 4   DQG 4   ± WKH SRZHU IOXLG IORZ EHWZHHQ WKH V\VWHP FRUUHVSRQGLQJ SRLQWV 44 DQG 4NO ± WKH SRZHU IOXLG IORZ WKURXJK WKH FKRNHV   DQG WKURXJK WKH YDOYH  UHVSHFWLYHO\&SU«&SUDQG&SU ±WKHYROXPHULJLGLW\UHGXFHGFRHIILFLHQWVDWWKHV\VWHP FRUUHVSRQGLQJ SRLQWV W ± WLPH S DQG  S ± SUHFKDUJH JDV SUHVVXUH LQ WKH UHVSHFWLYH FKDPEHUV9DQG9±LQLWLDOYROXPHVRIJDVLQWKHUHVSHFWLYHFKDPEHUV[ULQJDQG[VKLP± WKH PRYHPHQW RI WKH ULQJ  DQG WKH ZDVKHU  IURP WKH LQLWLDO VWDWH UHVSHFWLYHO\ N ± WKH DGLDEDWLFLQGH[RIWKHJDV





)LJ7KHFDOFXODWLRQVFKHPHRIWKHK\GURSQHXPDWLFVKRFNDEVRUEHU

7KHHTXDWLRQRIWKHSLVWRQPRWLRQWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHVWHPWKHULQJVWKHZDVKHUV DQGWKHYDOYHSOXJDUH GY S

 ) 6ULQJ NRK ˜ S  6 S ˜ S  )WU  S  P SU  S

4

MATEC Web of Conferences 226, 01001 (2018) DTS-2018

GYULQJ 

https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822 6 01001

 PULQJ 

6

ULQJ 

˜ S  S  )WU N  







 

 ª 6 NO  ˜ S  S  F SU [ NO  [NO º¼  PNO  ¬

GYNO 

 GYVKLP 



ª 6 VKLP  ˜ S  S  )WU VK º¼  PVKLP  ¬

ZKHUH)±IRUFHDSSOLHGWRWKHVWRFN)WUS ±IULFWLRQDOIRUFHGXHWRURGPRYHPHQW PSUSP ± UHGXFHGPDVVRIHOHPHQWVPRYHGZKHQWKHSLVWRQPRYHV)WUN ±WKHIULFWLRQDOIRUFHDULVLQJ ZKHQWKHULQJLVPRYHG PULQJP±PDVVRIULQJ)WUVK ±WKHIULFWLRQDOIRUFHWKDWRFFXUV ZKHQWKHZDVKHULVPRYHGPVKLP±ZDVKHUPDVV6NO±YDOYHRSHQLQJDUHDPNO± YDOYH JDWH ZHLJKW  FSU ± VSULQJ WLJKWQHVV RI WKH YDOYH VKXWWHU [NO DQG [NO ± WKH LQLWLDO FRPSUHVVLRQRIWKHYDOYHVSULQJDQGWKHYDOYHVWURNHUHVSHFWLYHO\

&DOFXODWLRQRIWKHEDVLFFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHVKRFNDEVRUEHU 7R VWXG\ WKH REWDLQHG PDWKHPDWLFDO PRGHO XVLQJ WKH 5XVVLDQ V\VWHP RI PRGHORULHQWHG GHVLJQ RI DXWRPDWLF FRQWURO V\VWHPV 6LP,Q7HFK  >@ D VSHFLDO SURJUDP ZDV GHYHORSHG WKDWDOORZHGDQDO\]LQJWKHG\QDPLFVRIWKHVKRFNDEVRUEHURSHUDWLRQ )LJXUHVDQGVKRZVRPHUHVXOWVRIDQXPHULFDOH[SHULPHQW

ϭ



 )LJ*UDSKRIFKDQJHVLQWLPHRISUHVVXUHVSFXUYHDQGSFXUYH



ϭ

ϯ

 )LJ*UDSKRIFKDQJHLQWLPHRIPRYHPHQWSLVWRQFXUYHULQJVFXUYHZDVKHUVFXUYH

7KH FDOFXODWLRQV ZHUH PDGH XVLQJ WKH IROORZLQJ DOJRULWKP $W WKH LQLWLDO PRPHQW WKH IRUFHRQWKHURGLVDEVHQWDQGWKHSUHVVXUHLQDOOSRLQWVRIWKHK\GUDXOLFV\VWHPZLWKWKH H[FHSWLRQRIWKHJDVFKDPEHUVFKDUJHGHDFKZLWKLWVSUHVVXUHOHYHOLVHTXDOWRDWPRVSKHULF 5

MATEC Web of Conferences 226, 01001 (2018) DTS-2018

https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822 6 01001

SUHVVXUH$WWLPHW VWKHVWHSORDG) ā1LVDSSOLHGWRWKHURGZKLFKDFWV XQWLO WKH SLVWRQ LV FRPSOHWHO\ VWRSSHG 7KHQ WKH IRUFH DFWLQJ RQ WKH URG DW WKH WLPH W V GHFUHDVHV WR WKH YDOXH )  ā1 ZKLFK DOVR DFWV XQWLO WKH SLVWRQ LV FRPSOHWHO\VWRSSHG$WWKHWLPHW VWKHIRUFHRQWKHURGDJDLQLQFUHDVHVWRWKHIRUFH )  ā1 DQG DW WKH WLPH W   V DIWHU WKH VWHP LV FRPSOHWHO\ VWRSSHG WKH IRUFH GHFUHDVHV WR WKH YDOXH )  ā1 DQG DIWHU WKH URG LV FRPSOHWHO\ VWRSSHG DW WKH WLPH W VDIWHUWKHURGKDVFRPSOHWHO\VWRSSHG) LVILQDOO\UHPRYHG

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

5HIHUHQFHV  $7 5\EDN 7HRULMD L PHWRGRORJLMD UDVFKMRWD L SURHNWLURYDQLMD VLVWHP SULYRGRY WHKQRORJLFKHVNLKPDVKLQLDJUHJDWRY$3.'RNW'LVV 5RVWRYRQ'RQ   $7 5\EDN *LGURPHNKDQLFKHVNLH VLVWHP\ 0RGHOLURYDQLH L UDVFKHW PRQRJUDSK *RV7HNK8QLY5RVWRYRQ'RQ   $75\EDN,9%RJXVODYVNL\9HVWQLNRIWKH'678    $7 5\EDN $FWXDO GLUHFWLRQV RI VFLHQWLILF UHVHDUFK RI WKH ;;, FHQWXU\ WKHRU\ DQG SUDFWLFH9*/789RURQH]K      $7 5\EDN 3URF ,QW 6F7HFKQ 6F0HWK &RQI +\GURJDVRG\QDPLFV K\GUDXOLF PDFKLQHVDQGK\GURSQHXPDWLFV\VWHPV    Ⱥ75\EDN9HVWQLNRIWKH'678    $75\EDN93=KDURY$96HUG\XNRY5XVV(QJ5HV      $7 5\EDN  $5 7HPLUNDQRY 29 /\DNKQLWVND\D  5XVV (QJ 5HV        93=KDURY$75\EDN6$=DWRORNLQ9,0LUQ\M9HVWQLNRIWKH'678       $75\EDN93=KDURY9,0LUQ\M6$=DWRORNLQ3URF'76    Ⱥ7 5\EDN 29 /\DNKQLWVND\D $FWXDO GLUHFWLRQV RI VFLHQWLILF UHVHDUFK RI WKH ;;, FHQWXU\WKHRU\DQGSUDFWLFH9*/789RURQH]K    Ⱥ7 5\EDN 29 /\DNKQLWVND\D (1 6KHLQ 3URF ; ,QW 6F 0HWK 6\PS '678     Ⱥ75\EDN29/\DNKQLWVND\D0$7(&:HE&RQI    %Ⱥ.DUWDVKRY 6UHGD GLQDPLFKHVNRJR PRGHOLURYDQL\D WHNKQLFKHVNLNK VLVWHP 6LP,Q7HFK 3UDNWLNXP SR PRGHOLURYDQL\X VLVWHP DYWRPDWLFKHVNRJR UHJXOLURYDQL\D '0.3UHVV0RVFRZ 

6